Department of Electrical Engineering: Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Applied Sciences
Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Program: B.Sc. Electrical Engineering Semester: VIII

Subject: EEL-418 Power Distribution and Utilization Date:
…………….
Experiment 11: Attempt to recognize various types of cable and cable size
calculations for a given load of Power Distribution Network.
OBJECTIVES:
 Recognize various types of Cables used in Distribution system.
 To learn how to calculate cable size for a specific load in Distribution system.
Name: Baqir Hussain Roll No:3113
Performance Lab Report
Description Total Marks Description Total Marks

Marks Obtained Marks Obtained
Ability to 5 Organization/ Structure 5
Conduct
Experiment
Design and 5 Data Presentation 5
Simulation
Total Marks obtained
Remarks (if any): ………………………………….
Name & Signature of faculty: …………………………………

Name : Baqir Hussain
Sap ID: 3113
Sec : A
Lab:1
Attempt to recognize various types of cable and cable size calculations for a
given load of Power Distribution Network.
OBJECTIVES:
 to recognize various types of Cables used in Distribution system

 to learn how to calculate cable size for a specific load in Distribution system.
INTRODUCTION:
Electric power can be transmitted or distributed either by overhead transmission
systems or by underground cables. Cables are mainly designed for a specific
requirement. Power cables are mainly used for power transmission and distribution
purposes. It is an assembly of one or more individually insulated electrical conductors,
usually held together with an overall sheath. The assembly is used for transmission
and distribution of electrical power.
Electrical power cables may be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, buried
in the ground, and run overhead or exposed. Flexible power cables are used for
portable devices, mobile tools, and machinery.
These are designed and manufactured as per voltage, current to be carried, operating
maximum temperature and purpose of applications desired by the customer.
For mining, we give extra mechanical strength to cable with double armoring. For
wind power plant customers generally, require flexible and UV protected cable with
the mechanical tough sheath so we design as per their requirement. The underground
cables have several advantages such as less liable to damage through storms,
lightning, low maintenance cost, a lower chance of faults, a smaller voltage drop, and a
better general appearance.
Rating of Power Cable
Short Circuit Rating
It happens frequently that the conductor size necessary for installation is dictated by
its ability to carry short-circuit current rather than sustained current. During a short-
circuit, there is a sudden inrush of current for a few cycles followed by a steadier flow
of current for a short period until the protection switchgear operators, normally
between 0.1 – 0.3 seconds.
Operating
Insulation
Conductor Size and Material Maximum Short Circuit Rating
Material
Temperature
120 sq-mm Copper PVC

70oC 13.80 KA/SEC
conductor Insulation
120 sq-mm Aluminium PVC

70oC 9.12 KA/SEC
120 sq-mm Copper PVC

85oC 12.48 KA/SEC
120 sq-mm Aluminium PVC

85oC 8.28 KA/SEC
Current Carrying Capacity
The current carrying capacity is an important aspect is the selection of the optimum
size of the conductor. Voltage drop and short rating is also a very important aspect to
select the economical and optimum size of conductor. The safe current carrying
capacity of an underground cable is determined by the maximum permissible
temperature rise. The cause of temperature rise is the losses that occur in a cable
which appear as heat.
Continuous Current Rating of (Cables laid singly) 2 Core × 16 mm2 2 Core × 25 mm2
(i) In Ground (Ground Temp 30oC) 103 A 131 A
(ii) In Duct (Ground Temp 30oC) 86 A 111 A
(iii) In Air (Ambient AirTemp 40oC) 94 A 125 A

Voltage Drop
The allowable maximum voltage drops from source to load is another aspect of power
cable conductor design.
As per Ohm’s law, V = IR. The first is the choice of material used for the wire.
Copper is a better conductor than The first is the choice of material used for the wire.
Copper is a better conductor than and will have less voltage drop than aluminum for a
given length and wire size.
Wire size is another important factor in determining voltage drop. Larger wire sizes
(those with a greater diameter) will have less voltage drop than smaller wire sizes of
the same length. In American wire gauge, every 6 gauge decrease gives a doubling of
the wire diameter, and every 3 gauge decrease doubles the wire cross-sectional area.
In the Metric Gauge scale, the gauge is 10 times the diameter in millimeters, so a 50
gauge metric wire would be 5 mm in diameter.
Construction of Power Cable
There are various parts of a cable to be taken care of during construction. The power
cable mainly consists of
1. Conductor
2. Insulation
3. LAY for Multicore cables only
4. Bedding
5. Beading/Armouring (if required)
6. Outer Sheath
TASKS:
TASK # 01:
Fill this Table of cable sizes and maximum current carrying capacity: Find out the given
cables sizes in Matric Size Format, their Max current and Resistance per ohm.
Sr. Slandered imperial Matric Size Maximum Resistance

No. stranding / wire (mm2 ) Current (Ohms per
diameter (inches) (Amps) Km)
1 3/0.029 1.5 13 41.984
2 3/0.036 1.5 13 26.40728
3 7/0.029 2.5 18 41.984
4 7/0.036 4 24 26.40728
5 7/0.044 6 31 16.60992
6 7/0.052 10 42 13.17248
7 7/0.064 16 56 8.282
8 19/0.052 25 73 13.17248
9 19/0.062 35 90 8.282
10 19/0.072 50 145 6.56984
LAB TASK#02:
Suppose Voltage Running= 220v, Current drawn= 20Amp,

Length of Cable= 5,000meter, Copper Material Cable with Resistivity=ρ=
1.724 x 10^-8 ohm meters at room temperature. Find out suitable Cable size.
Resistance, R=V/(I )= 220/(20 )= 11 Ω
Resistivity, ρ=1.724 × 〖10〗^(-8) Ωm
−8 −8 2
ρ L=5,000 ×1.724 × 10 =8620× 10 ohm m .
ρL
Since, R= so the cable's necessary cross-sectional area will be,
A
−8
ρ L 8620 × 10 −6 2
A= .= =7.8363 ×10 m .
R 11
2 A 7.8363 ×10−6 −6 2
r= = =2.4943 ×10 m .
π 3.1416
r =√ r 2=√ 2.4943× 10−6 =0.0015793353 m.
Since, 1 m=39.37 inches
r=0.0015793353× 39.37 = 0.06217843 inches.
Diameter, D= 0.062178 × 2 = 0.124356861 inches.
LAB TASK#03:
Write and run a MATLAB Program for Cable-Size Calculations based on

Lab-Task# 2 so that after compilation & running the program , it inputs all the
essential parameters of Underground- Cables from user and then
automatically calculates the size of cable for a particular load and other
parameters.
Conclusion:
In this lab we have Recognized various types of Cables used in Distribution system and also
learnt how to calculate cable size for a specific load in Distribution system.

Department of Electrical Engineering: Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Department of Electrical Engineering: Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Copyright:

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Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering & Applied Sciences

Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Program: B.Sc. Electrical Engineering Semester: VIII

Name: Baqir Hussain Roll No:3113

Performance Lab Report

Description Total Marks Description Total Marks

Total Marks obtained

Remarks (if any): ………………………………….

Name & Signature of faculty: …………………………………

 to recognize various types of Cables used in Distribution system

120 sq-mm Copper PVC

120 sq-mm Aluminium PVC

120 sq-mm Copper PVC

120 sq-mm Aluminium PVC

(i) In Ground (Ground Temp 30oC) 103 A 131 A

(ii) In Duct (Ground Temp 30oC) 86 A 111 A

(iii) In Air (Ambient AirTemp 40oC) 94 A 125 A

Construction of Power Cable

Sr. Slandered imperial Matric Size Maximum Resistance

1 3/0.029 1.5 13 41.984

2 3/0.036 1.5 13 26.40728

3 7/0.029 2.5 18 41.984

10 19/0.072 50 145 6.56984

Suppose Voltage Running= 220v, Current drawn= 20Amp,

Write and run a MATLAB Program for Cable-Size Calculations based on

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