Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON PROVINCE

Introduction

Do students fully understand what they are reading? Are they able to express verbally or in written
communication what they have read?
Reading comprehension is a skill that is critical in the educational success of all individuals.
Without adequate comprehension skills, students will struggle in many subject areas. Since the
introduction of writing systems, reading comprehension has always been a foundation for achievement in
several areas within the educational system, as well as a prerequisite for successful participation in most
areas of adult life (Capodiece et al., 2020). Thus, a crucial element of literacy instruction involves
teaching students how to understand what they read (Rasinski, 2017). Without comprehension, reading is
a frustrating, pointless exercise in word calling. It is no exaggeration to say that how well students
develop the ability to comprehend what they read has a profound effect on their entire lives.
Correspondingly, improving the quality of students’ reading comprehension is needed to help not only in
terms of English language learning, but also to improve the quality of students’ overall knowledge (Ganie
et al., 2019).

Reading comprehension is one of the reading competencies that every student has to develop.
However, there are still students who are below the proficiency level of reading comprehension despite
the reading instructions and strategies provided by the teachers for the improvement of students’ reading
(Bilbao et al., 2016). Moreover, Elleman and Oslund (2019) stated that despite decades of research in
reading comprehension, international and national reading scores indicate stagnant growth. Additionally,
according to Rappler (2018), the Philippines ranked lowest in reading comprehension among the 79
participating countries in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), according to
the results released by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Therefore,
there is a need for an effective comprehension instruction that helps students to become independent,
strategic, and metacognitive readers who can develop, control, and use a variety of comprehension
strategies to ensure that they understand what they read. To achieve this goal, comprehension instruction

DEPEDQUEZON-TM-SDS-04-025-003

“Creating Possibilities, Inspiring Innovations”

Address: Sitio Fori, Brgy. Talipan, Pagbilao, Quezon
Trunkline #: (042) 784-0366, (042) 784-0164, (042) 784-0391, (042) 784-0321
Email Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedquezon.com.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON PROVINCE

must begin as soon as students begin to read and it must: be explicit, intensive, and persistent; help
students to become aware of text organization; and motivate students to read widely.

In Villa Arcaya Elementary School, Grade Six pupils are having difficulty answering
comprehension questions. The results of a pretest administered using Philippine Informal Reading
Inventory (Phil-IRI) Comprehension in English attested this. Based on this, the researcher implemented
Project GREAD 6, which stands for Gradual Reading Comprehension Enhancement and Development for
Grade 6. This approach includes distribution of printed reading passages with comprehension questions.
These passages are backed with audio-videos that have been recorded and posted to the class's group chat.
Pupils who did not have access to technology were handed rechargeable mini speakers as well as flash
drives having recorded audios of the passages. These are read and discussed during the weekly online
session and once-weekly meet-up at the school library hub. This project intends to help pupils in
enhancing their English reading comprehension skills.

Brief Review of Related Literature

Comprehension is considered as the essence of reading as it accounts for the process that supports
effective extraction of meaning from a written passage. Modern literacy standards require that the
students can self-modify, self-manage and self-monitor as a means to become strategic readers who can
select information from the text, develop rational and incorporate critical reflection on the text while
reading. In this instance, the students are required to be provided with an extensive range of reading and
writing activities that include effective reading comprehension techniques (Alghonaim, 2020); Alfallaj,

DEPEDQUEZON-TM-SDS-04-025-003

“Creating Possibilities, Inspiring Innovations”

Address: Sitio Fori, Brgy. Talipan, Pagbilao, Quezon
Trunkline #: (042) 784-0366, (042) 784-0164, (042) 784-0391, (042) 784-0321
Email Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedquezon.com.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON PROVINCE

2011). The practice of effective reading comprehension techniques is essential to enhance the extent of
comprehension among students and thus, language instructors are required to implement adequate reading
strategies to improve comprehension and facilitate critical thinking in understanding complex texts.
Reading comprehension is comprised of complicated factors; mainly comprising of cognitive, linguistic
and socio-cultural variables, due to which the development of an effective reading strategy is difficult for
language instructors (Alenizi, 2019; Ismail & Tawalbeh, 2015).

It is essential that the learners can comprehend the text in an effective manner to succeed in their
academic and professional objectives at the global level (Meniado, 2016).

Reading comprehension is an important ability of human intelligence. Brandon (2021) stated that
comprehension refers to the ability to understand written words. Comprehension adds meaning to
what is read. Reading comprehension occurs when words on a page are not just mere words but
thoughts and ideas. Comprehension makes reading enjoyable, fun, and informative. It is needed to
succeed in school, work, and life in general. Therefore, reading comprehension ability is a core
component of literacy (Miao et al., 2019).

Then, comprehension instruction should begin early, at the same time that early elementary
students are developing oral language, phonemic awareness and phonics skills. Engaging with text
whether through reading widely and in volume, discussing and analyzing texts read, or writing about or in
response to texts read is central to developing students’ reading comprehension (Duke et al., 2021).

Glenberg (2017) implies that comprehension accounts as the ability to engage in adequate
response to the information provided in text. Reading comprehension, or understanding what one reads,
can reasonably be seen as the goal of reading (Rasinski, 2017). A major goal of reading comprehension
instruction, therefore, is to help students develop the knowledge, skills, and experiences they must have if
they are to become competent and enthusiastic readers (Texas, 2017). In order to become competent
citizen of the society, and to acquire the necessary skills for full civic participation, one needs to be able
to read and comprehend different types of texts (Manu et al., 2021).

DEPEDQUEZON-TM-SDS-04-025-003

“Creating Possibilities, Inspiring Innovations”

Address: Sitio Fori, Brgy. Talipan, Pagbilao, Quezon
Trunkline #: (042) 784-0366, (042) 784-0164, (042) 784-0391, (042) 784-0321
Email Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedquezon.com.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON PROVINCE

In order to become a competent citizen of the society and to acquirethe necessary

skills for full civic participation, one needs to be able to read and comprehend differ-
ent types of texts.
In order to become a competent citizen of the society and to acquirethe necessary
skills for full civic participation, one needs to be able to read and comprehend differ-
ent types of texts.
In order to become a competent citizen of the society and to acquirethe necessary
skills for full civic participation, one needs to be able to read and comprehend differ-
ent types of texts

What Research Tells Us About Reading, Comprehension, and Comprehension Instruction | Reading Rockets

What Research Tells Us About Reading,

Comprehension, and Comprehension Instruction
By: Texas Education Agency

Without comprehension, reading is a frustrating, pointless exercise in word calling. It is no exaggeration

to say that how well students develop the ability to comprehend what they read has a profound effect on
their entire lives.1 A major goal of reading comprehension instruction, therefore, is to help students
develop the knowledge, skills, and experiences they must have if they are to become competent and
enthusiastic readers.

DEPEDQUEZON-TM-SDS-04-025-003

“Creating Possibilities, Inspiring Innovations”

Address: Sitio Fori, Brgy. Talipan, Pagbilao, Quezon
Trunkline #: (042) 784-0366, (042) 784-0164, (042) 784-0391, (042) 784-0321
Email Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedquezon.com.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON PROVINCE

What is Reading Comprehension? (k12reader.com)

What is reading comprehension, 2018

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Copyright Great Speech Inc., 2022 Avivit Ben-Aharon 2021

DEPEDQUEZON-TM-SDS-04-025-003

“Creating Possibilities, Inspiring Innovations”

Address: Sitio Fori, Brgy. Talipan, Pagbilao, Quezon
Trunkline #: (042) 784-0366, (042) 784-0164, (042) 784-0391, (042) 784-0321
Email Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedquezon.com.ph