Scribd
Upload
371 views9 pages

Exp. No. - 3 Step Response of RLC Circuit

1. The document describes an experiment on RC and RLC circuits where students observe the step response of each circuit. 2. For the RC circuit, they determine the time constant and compare it to the theoretical value. For the RLC circuit, they obtain different responses by adjusting the resistance and observe the underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped cases. 3. The key findings are that overdamping results in a slow charging without oscillations, critical damping produces a smooth charging, and underdamping causes the voltage over the capacitor to vary sinusoidally as the forcing function dominates over the resistor.

Uploaded by

Esh-war Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
371 views9 pages

Exp. No. - 3 Step Response of RLC Circuit

1. The document describes an experiment on RC and RLC circuits where students observe the step response of each circuit. 2. For the RC circuit, they determine the time constant and compare it to the theoretical value. For the RLC circuit, they obtain different responses by adjusting the resistance and observe the underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped cases. 3. The key findings are that overdamping results in a slow charging without oscillations, critical damping produces a smooth charging, and underdamping causes the voltage over the capacitor to vary sinusoidally as the forcing function dominates over the resistor.

Uploaded by

Esh-war Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Exp. No.

-3
Step Response of
RLC Circuit
Name - Pranay Gupta
Entry No. - 2019CS10383
Name - Tushar Singla
Entry No. - 2019CS10410
Table No. - 9
Date of experiment - 13/08/2019
Date of submission - 16/08/2019
Part 1 : RC Circuit
Objective:
1.To observe and trace the complete response to step input.
2.To determine the time constant and check with the theoretically
calculated value.

Apparatus:
1.Signal Generator
2.0.22 µF Capacitance
3.470Ω Resistance
4.Breadboard
5.Oscilloscope
6.Connecting Wires

Theory:
RC Circuit - A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC
network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors driven
by a voltage or current source. A first order RC circuit is composed of one
resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest type of RC circuit.
Charging and discharging the RC circuit - A capacitor in a series circuit
with a resistor charges by passing charges through the resistor.
As charging proceeds, the p.d. across the capacitor increases until it
reaches the value of the supply voltage. When a capacitor is charged it
stores energy, which it can supply to other components when
it discharges.
Time constant -The time it takes for these transient currents to decay
depends on the resistance (R) and capacitance (C). The resistor resists
the flow of current; it thus slows down the decay. The capacitance
measures “capacity” to hold charge: like a bucket of water, a larger
capacity container takes longer to empty than a smaller capacity
container. Thus, the time constant of the circuit gets larger for larger R
and C. In detail, using the units of capacitance which are “farads”,
τ (seconds) = R(ohms) ⇥ C(farads)
The current does not fall to zero at time τ . Instead, τ is the time it takes
for the voltage of the discharging capacitor to drop to 37% of its original
value. It takes 5 to 6 τ s for the current to decay to essentially zero amps.

Procedure:

1.We connect the circuit as shown in the figure.


2.We observe and record the waveforms appearing on the CRO screen
3.We find the time constant and compare it with theoretical value
Observation:
Discharging of RC Circuit

Conclusion: We use a sinusoidal square wave instead of a DC


source because the time constant of the RC circuit is very small and we
wouldn’t be able to observe any response in case of DC source. We
observe that the capacitor charges and then discharges sequentially.
Part 2 : RLC Circuit
Objective:
1. Adjust the parameters so that an under damped response of the
series RLC circuit is obtained and to observe and trace of the response.
2. From the trace response, obtain the period of oscillation, settling time,
peak overshoot, rise time, peak time, delay time.
3. To adjust the parameter values so that a critical response of the series
RLC circuit is obtained.

Apparatus:
1.Signal Generator
2.0.22 µF Capacitance
3.Variable Resistance
4.Breadboard
5.Oscilloscope
6.Connecting Wires
7.Inductor

Theory:
RLC Circuit: An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of
a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C), connected in series or
in parallel. The name of the circuit is derived from the letters that are used
to denote the constituent components of this circuit, where the sequence
of the components may vary from RLC.
Underdamped: The system oscillates (at reduced frequency
compared to the undamped case) with the amplitude gradually

decreasing to zero. when which means there are two


complex roots (as root( -1) is imaginary) and relates to the case when
the circuit is said to be under-damped.
Overdamped: The system returns to equilibrium without oscillating.

when which means there are two real roots and relates to
the case when the circuit is said to be over-damped.
Critically damped: The system returns to equilibrium as quickly as

possible without oscillating. when which means that the


two roots of the equation are equal (i.e. there is only one root) and
relates to the case when the circuit is said to be critically damped.

Procedure:

1. We connect the circuit as shown in the figure.


2. We observe and record the waveforms appearing on the CRO
screen.
3. We adjust the resistance to obtain responses corresponding to
the critically damped, under damped and over damped cases.
4. Mostly underdamped systems are preferred due to moderate
time domain specifications. We measure all the time domain
specifications.
Observation:

Under Damped

Critically Damped

Over Damped
Conclusion:
1. In over damping case resistor dominates the circuit over the
forcing function i.e. the applied voltage due to which the
charging is way to slow without any sinusoidal waves.
2. In critical damping case they both cancel out each other effect
and charging is smooth.
3. In under damped case the forcing function dominates over the
resistor in the circuit due to which the voltage over the capacitor
varies sinusoidally.

You might also like