Volume 7, Issue 7, July – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

AIRZON
Ananthu G1., Devika S Krishnan2, Sruthi J3., Sreeraj R S4., Navitha K Krishnan5, Anju V Gopal6
Assistant Professor 5,6
Department of Electronics and Communication
College of Engineering, Perumon Kollam, Kerala, India

Abstract:- The air quality of a given area can be utilized as IV. AQI LIMIT VALUES
one of the key determinants of the pollution index, as well
as how well the city's industry and population are
0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-300 301-500
controlled. With the rise of industrialisation, monitoring
urban air quality has become a persistent issue. All around
1 2 3 4 5 6
the world, air pollution has remained a severe concern for
the public and the government. Air pollution has a notable Table 1
impact on both the environment and human health,
resulting in acid rain, global warming, heart disease, and V. OBJECTIVES
skin cancer. A metric called AQI is calculated by
evaluating the concentration of various PM, such as PM2.5 The principal sources of air pollution are gaseous
and PM10, present in the air to estimate the severity of air pollutants such as SO2, NOx, CO2, and particulate matter
pollution. Our goal for this project is to design and (PM) with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5)
construct a real-time AQI monitoring system that can be scattered throughout the air. India's industries are one of the
easily controlled and manufactured at a low cost, as well as most significant polluters. The project's main goal is to design
and create a real-time AQI monitoring equipment that can be
an air purifier that continuously removes tiny particles
operated efficiently and built at a minimal cost. We also intend
(PM2.5 and PM10) from the air, decreasing the harmful
impacts of pollution. to incorporate an air purifier that removes fine particles
(PM2.5 and PM10) from the air on a continuous basis, thereby
Keywords:- AQI ; PM ; Gases ; Air quality ; Detection ; Air lowering the negative impacts of air pollution.
purification.
VI. METHODOLOGY
I. INTRODUCTION
The following design prototype will measure particulate
Because of the negative effects of poor air quality on matter levels in the air, display them clearly, and filter the air
human health, it is now required to properly and timely that travels through the circuit. The air intake gathers ambient
anticipate the air quality index (AQI).Air pollution has air, which is then passed via a gas sensor and a PM sensor
reached dangerous levels as a result of increased mobility, (major pollutant) to determine the amount of pollutants in the
rising global heat, and abrupt climate shifts. Fine particles or air. The air is passed through PM 2.5 and PM 10 filters
particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or (Electrostatic Precipitator/ HEPA), and the filtered air is
less are the main culprits (PM2.5).A metric known as the air passed via gas and PM sensors to determine the amount of
quality index (AQI) is determined by evaluating the quantity pollutants. The microcontroller is in charge of the entire
of various PM, such as PM2.5 and PM10, present in the air to system, gathering and analyzing data from sensors. An LCD
estimate the severity of air pollution. display shows the equivalent readings before and after
filtration. LEDs are also available to display the rate of
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT pollution, with the LED blinking in response to particle
concentration. The filtered air is returned to the environment
Because of its rapid population increase, India is among via the air outlet.
the world's most polluted countries, with many cities
experiencing severe environmental impacts. Many scholars VII. EXISTING SYSTEM
have recently become interested in air pollution monitoring,
determining the hazardous zone, and forecasting future air A. Origin and Concepts of Air Quality Index
quality. There is currently no simple and low-cost technology Along with land and water, air is the most vital resource
that measures air quality. Our goal is to create a device that for sustaining life. As technology advances, an enormous
will monitor particulate matter levels in the surrounding air, amount of data on ambient air quality is generated and used to
display these levels in a straightforward manner, log the data it assess the quality of the air in various regions. The vast
collects, and allow for data transfer for further research. monitoring data generates encyclopaedic volumes of data, but
neither a decision maker nor the typical person who just wants
III. AIR QUALITY INDEX to know how good or bad the air is with a simple answer can
make sense of it? One technique to describe air quality is to
It is a numeric system that the environmental protection provide the concentrations of all contaminants at their
agency uses to monitor air pollution . allowable thresholds (standards). Such claims about air quality
frequently cause confusion, even among the scientific and
technical community, when pollutant characteristics and the
number of measuring sites are taken into account.

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Volume 7, Issue 7, July – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
For the most part, the general population will not be
satisfied with complex conclusions about air quality, such as
statistical studies, time series charts, and raw data. As a result,
individuals frequently lose interest and are unable to
comprehend the current state of the air quality or the
regulatory authorities' attempts to reduce pollution. Effective
air quality communication should be implemented because
people who suffer from illnesses brought on by exposure to air
pollution You have to be aware of daily levels of urban air
pollution. Additionally, a country's ability to improve air
quality depends on the support of its populace, which must be
aware of the issues with local and global air pollution and the
status of mitigation measures.

Since the 1980s, many developed nations have

successfully embraced the idea of an air quality index (AQI)
to solve the aforementioned issues (USEPA, 1976, 2014; Fig. 1: Traditional air quality monitoring device
Ontario, 2013; Shenfeld, 1970). An AQI is a general
methodology that sums up or aggregates weighted values of C. Applications of Air Quality Index
different air pollution-related indices (SO2, CO, visibility, Ott (1978) has listed the following six objectives that are
etc.). There haven't been many efforts to develop and use AQI served by an AQI:
in India because a modest air quality monitoring programme  Resource Allocation: To help managers choose priorities and
was just started in 1984 and there was basically no public allocate budgets. This will make it possible to evaluate the
awareness of air pollution. It is challenging to convey complex trade-offs associated with alternative air pollution control
scientific and medical information to the general public in a methods.
way that they can understand. This challenge is compounded  Ranking of Locations: To aid in evaluating the air quality in
by the need to discuss about the past, present, and future with various places/cities. highlighting potential dangers'
the general public. It is essential to address these issues and locations and frequencies in the process.
afterwards construct an efficient and clear AQI scale in order  Enforcement of Standards: To ascertain the degree to which
for citizens and policymakers to make decisions to prevent and the legal requirements and accepted standards are being
minimise exposure to air pollution and the diseases caused by followed. Additionally aids in discovering flawed standards
exposure. and weak monitoring initiatives.
B. Current Model  Trend Analysis: To assess the degradation or improvement
According to Borghi et al., the typical air monitoring in air quality that has happened during a predetermined
system has substantial issues with highly advanced hardware period. This makes it possible to forecast air quality (i.e.,
innovation, unsafe operation, high cost, and cumbersome track the behavior of pollutants in the air) and schedule
devices. Furthermore, advanced statistical techniques pollution control procedures.
supported by tools like sensors, filters, humidity monitors, and  Public Information: To educate the public on environmental
temperature monitors are required for the equipment to give issues (state of environment). People with illnesses
accurate precision and performance. These techniques, worsened or brought on by air pollution can benefit from it.
however, consume an enormous amount of energy from the When people are aware of excessive pollution levels, it helps
large and expensive machinery. them to change their everyday routines.
 Scientific Research: while conducting a study of some
As a result, they are not sustainable or energy-efficient. environmental events, as a way of condensing a big quantity
The technology is ineffective for distant monitoring and is of data into a comprehensible form that provides the
unable to identify an increase in pollutant concentration due to researcher with more insight. This enables a more objective
the use of conventional procedures. The greatest option for assessment of the contributions of particular contaminants
monitoring the ambient air is, ideally, a sensor that is and sources to the level of overall air quality. Such
effective, affordable, and of a reasonable size. Due to the fact techniques are more useful when combined with additional
that these devices are used in industry but also partially in sources, including local emission surveys.
environmental monitoring, the inability to accurately measure  The general public can use an AQI to understand air quality
large amounts of certain gas contaminants in environmental in a straightforward manner, politicians can act quickly,
situations is a problem. Thus, low- standard monitoring tools decision-makers can map out corrective pollution control
will need to be used to compare the cost sensors efficiency. strategies by understanding the trend of events, government
To date, thorough and widely disseminated estimates of officials can examine the effects of regulatory actions, and
productivity are typically rare, especially for diagnostic scientists can use air quality data in their research.
advances that are currently employed. The goal of the project
is to create a portable, high-precision, low-cost air pollution
monitoring device that can measure the concentration of
several types of particulate matter pollutants in the air in real
time.

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Volume 7, Issue 7, July – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
D. Broad Guidelines for Actions during Very Poor and Severe In order to evaluate the status of air pollutants (TSPM,
Categories of AQI RPM, SO2, NO2, and Free Cl2) and the air quality of the
a) Regulating Agencies industrial zone and its surroundings, which are also residential
In order to determine how emissions affect air quality, areas, a thorough study was carried out in the Chavara
the regulatory agencies need develop source-receptor industrial area's surroundings in the Kollam district of South
interactions. The appropriate actions must be done by India during the summer and winter seasons of 2011.
further restricting the emissions that are having the According to the study's findings, SO2 and NOx
greatest influence on ambient air quality in the event concentrations fell under the national ambient air quality
that the AQI category is severe or very poor. Examples standard limits set by India's Central Pollution Control Board
of specific measures could be I strict vigilance and a and Ministry of Environment & Forests. The industrial area's
zero-tolerance policy toward visible polluters like study sites in the north, east, and south recorded chlorine
construction sites, industries, open burning, and contamination.
vehicles; (ii) traffic regulation; and (iii) identifying the
sources most responsible for the deteriorating air Residents may experience a variety of health issues,
quality and taking steps to reduce their emissions. particularly youngsters and the elderly, as a result of the
presence of PM10 and chlorine in the residential area close to
b) Public the KMML industrial zone. The residential neighbourhoods
People should keep their cars maintained properly near the KMML industrial sector have moderate air quality,
(such as by getting PUC inspections, replacing the air according to an assessment of the survey stations' air quality
filter, and maintaining the proper tyre pressure), index. Additionally, some actions are recommended to raise
observe lane rules and speed limits, prevent prolonged the air quality around the KMML industrial region.[3]
idling, and turn off the engine at red traffic lights.
Additionally, people should limit travel during periods In this work, we look into a multi-source machine
of severe or extremely poor AQI, avoid driving private learning approach to approximating the neighbourhood AQI
automobiles in favour of public transportation, bicycles scores at users' locations in a huge city. Three main data sets,
or walking, and carpooling, and use smaller vehicles "SEPHLA-medieval 2019," "MNR-Air-HCM," and "MNR-
(e.g. avoid SUVs). Diesel generator usage ought to be HCM," obtained in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) and Fukuoka
kept to a minimum. People may think about avoiding City, are the subject of several studies that we run (Japan). We
unwarranted exposures, particularly those who have extract a variety of useful attributes for the problem from the
asthma or cardiac condition. provided data sets, including timestamp information,
geographic data, sensor data (temperature and humidity), user-
VIII. RELATED WORKS tagged emotion tags (such as calmness, greenness, etc.),
semantic features from user-captured images, and open
This work describes the creation of an air quality weather data (including temperature, dew point, humidity,
monitoring system (AQMS) that can measure the air quality in wind speed, and pressure) for the related cities.Then, we
both indoor and outdoor settings and, upon detection of a examine Support Vector Machine [1], Random Forest [2],
hazardous air quality index (AQI) level, can notify the user via Extreme Gradient Boosting [3], LightGBM [4], and CatBoost
an alarm system. The system measures the area's temperature, [5] as five different machine learning models for estimating
humidity, and level of hazard gases utilising the Arduino the local AQI score and level .[4]
platform, numerous sensors, a flat-panel LCD, and Bluetooth
modules. The AQMS is a portable air quality index (AQI) In a chamber with a clearly defined aerosol, this study
acquisition tool that displays real-time measurements on the evaluated the performance of nine inexpensive PM monitors
LCD and is lightweight and portable. It is an easy-to-use tool (AirVisual, Alphasense, APT, Awair, Dylos, Foobot,
that is convenient to utilise. The AQMS allows the general PurpleAir, Wynd, and Xiaomi). The reference tools were the
population the chance to check the air quality for themselves, SidePak and the GRIMM. According to how they operate and
which raises awareness of the air quality in the area and works how they report data, the monitors were split into two groups,
to improve it. [1] and for each group, a linear correlation factor for the
measurement of PM2.5 mass concentration was calculated. To
The goal of this study is to use the Extreme Learning further illustrate the degree of improvement possible with
Machines (ELM) algorithm to forecast the air quality index calibration, the variations between the mass concentrations
(AQI). Six variables that can impact the AQI have been recorded by the individual monitors and those measured by the
chosen for this reason. These are, respectively, the reference equipment were plotted against their average before
temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, PM10, and SO2. and after user calibration. For monitors reporting size
The relationship status between these six parameters was first distributions, bin-specific calibration was also carried out to
established using the "Forecast Sheet" program, which was highlight coincidence errors that can skew the outcomes. The
shown in the Excel environment, and correlation analysis. The tested monitors include inexpensive sensors in easy-to-use,
"AQI Calculator" application was then used to obtain the AQI deployment-ready kits that don't require any additional
values for these six parameters. The National Air Quality construction. However, user-defined calibration for the target
Monitoring Network of the Ministry of Environment and PM source is still advised in order to increase measurement
Urbanization established AQI standards, and these limitations accuracy.[5]
were used to numerically classify the derived AQI values from
1 to 6. [2]

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Volume 7, Issue 7, July – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
This study forecasts the Air Quality Index (AQI) based X. FLOW CHART
on temperature, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, wind direction, NO2,
CO, and O3 data provided by the environmental protection
department. This study begins by introducing the background,
technical features, state of development, and issues with air
environment monitoring. It will then introduce the model for
predicting the environment. Finally, we use LSTM to predict
the AQI and examine the accuracy of the results. The findings
indicate that LSTM can accurately forecast the air quality
index. [6]
Fig. 3
The combined model's objective is to combine the
positive aspects of each model and mitigate its negative XI. BLOCK DIAGRAM
aspects in order to get the best possible prediction
performance. As a result, this research suggests a scientific
ARIMA+PSO-LS-SVM combination model based on wavelet
transform. First, the AQI time series were preprocessed using
wavelet analysis. The linear autocorrelation part and the
nonlinear part are then predicted using the ARIMA model and
the LS-SVM model, respectively. The LS-SVM model's
parameters are optimised using the PSO algorithm. Simulation
trials demonstrate that the combined model does reduce errors
when compared to the conventional ARIMA model and LS-
SVM model and has superior accuracy. This is after choosing
the suitable wavelet decomposition function and parameters of
the combined model. It offers a fresh method for predicting
the actual air quality index. [7]

IX. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig. 4
The project is divided into 2 stages
 AIR Quality Detection XII. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 AIR purification

a) Air quality detection

In this phase the air collected is detected using different
gas sensors and pm sensors and the AQI is obtained.
The AQI value are depicted below:

Fig. 5

XIII. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

Fig. 2: AQI Values

b) Air purification
The air entering into the device is passed onto hepa
filter where the pm particles and other contaminants are
removed and the fresh air is released back into the
atmosphere. Thus the model purifies the entire air
Fig. 6
molecules circulating throughout the system.

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Volume 7, Issue 7, July – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
In the experimental analysis we give a comparison XV. CONCLUSION
between normal air v/s various parameters that affect the air
quality. We also give a comparison between normal air, Our goal for this project is to design and create a real-
incense stick burning, coconut husk burning v/s various time AQI monitoring system. This can be easily controlled
parameters that affect the air quality at Decent Junction of and built at a low cost, as well as an air purifier that
Kollam district and comparison between normal air, air continuously removes tiny particles (PM2.5 and PM10) from
conditioned room at Ramankulangara of Kollam district. the air, decreasing the detrimental impacts of air pollution.

REFERENCES

[1.] Iman Amanina Binti Asim1*, Asma’ Murizah Binti

Kamarudin1, Munirah Onn2 , Shakira Azeehan Azli1 ,
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Kamarudin Hasan1, Low-Cost Real-Time Mobile Air-
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101-105.
[2.] Burhan BARAN, Prediction of Air Quality Index by
Extreme Learning Machines, 2019 International
Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing Symposium
(IDAP) ,21-22 Sept. 2019.
[3.] Jaya Divakaran Sarasamma1*, Beena Kochuraman
Fig. 7: NORMAL AIR, INCENSE STICK, COCONUT Narayanan2, Air Quality Assessment in the Surroundings
HUSK (DECENT JUNCTION) of KMML Industrial Area, Chavara in Kerala, South
India, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 14: 1769–1778,
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[4.] Dat Q. Duong, Quang M. Le, Tan-Loc Nguyen-Tai,
Dong Bo, Dat Nguyen, Minh-Son Dao, Binh T. Nguyen,
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[5.] Jiayu Li1#, Simar K. Mattewal1,2#, Sameer Patel1,3,
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[6.] Yu Jiao1 ，Zhifeng Wang1*, Yang Zhang1 ,Prediction
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Fig. 8: NORMAL AIR, A/C ROOM Intelligence Conference (ITAIC 2019).
(RAMANKULANGARA) [7.] Yiwendi Zhu, Prediction of Air Quality Index Based on
Wavelet Transform Combination Model, 2019 11th
XIV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine
Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC).
To make sure the suggested system satisfies the
requirements, several different tests were carried out. A
multimeter was used to test each component of the system
individually to verify continuity and power ratings. Prior to
integration into the system, a test was conducted to confirm
their functionality. This type of testing is known as unit
testing. After that, sub-unit testing was put into action. Each
sub-unit was tested to ensure proper operation before being
incorporated into the proposed system. At this point, it was
determined whether the sensors and modules were compatible
with the microcontroller by testing. The components were
correctly assembled in order to compute the current and
voltage consumption. Additionally, the complete air
monitoring system underwent system testing. At this stage, the
planned system was thoroughly tested with all of the
associated sub-units and parts, as depicted in the schematics.
The system was powered during the testing, and it performed
flawlessly. The whole system was cased airtight.

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