STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

1-Most of the organelles in a neuron are located in the

A) dendritic region.
B) axon hillock.
C) axon.
D) cell body.
E) axon terminals.

2-In certain large animals, this type of neuron can extend beyond one meter in length

A) glial cell in the brain.

B) a sensory neuron.

C) an interneuron.

D) a glial cell at a ganglion.

E) a neuron that controls eye movements.

1) A simple nervous system _____.

A) must include chemical senses, mechanoreception, and vision

B) includes a minimum of twelve effector neurons

C) has information flow in only one direction: away from an integrating center

D) includes sensory information, an integrating center, and effectors

2) Most of the neurons in the human brain are _____.

A) sensory neurons

B) motor neurons

C) interneurons

D) peripheral neurons

STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF

 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

4) The point of connection between two communicating neurons is called the _____.

A) axon hillock

B) dendrite

C) synapse

D) cell body

5) In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are released by _____.

A) the presynaptic membrane

B) axon hillocks

C) cell bodies

D) ducts on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

6) In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are received by _____.

A) the postsynaptic membrane

B) the presynaptic membrane

C) axon hillocks

D) cell bodies

3-In the communication link between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle,

A) the motor neuron considered the presynaptic cell and the skeletal muscle is the postsynaptic cell.

B) the motor neuron considered the postsynaptic cell and the skeletal muscle is the presynaptic cell.

C) action potentials are possible on the motor neuron but not the skeletal muscle.

D) action potentials are possible on the skeletal muscle but not the motor neuron.

E) the motor neuron fires action potentials but the skeletal muscle is not electrochemically excitable

STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF

 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

4-Here is a sketch of a neuromuscular junction in a patient with an autoimmune disease.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the stimulatory neurotransmitter.

5-Which of the following predicts what will happen in the continued presence of the
antibodies?

(A) Ca++ ions will flood into the motor neuron ending, increasing the release of more ACh.

(B) The amount of neurotransmitter being released will decrease.

(C) The number of action potentials in the motor neuron will decrease.

(D) Antibodies will destroy the postsynaptic receptors, and the muscle

response will diminish.

STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF

 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

6-According to the information in the figure, a nerve impulse would likely be oriented in which
of the following ways?

A) From (A) to (B) then to (C)

B) From (B) to (A) then to (C)
C) From (C) to (B) then to (C)
D) From (A) then to (B & C) at the same time
E) From (C) to (A) then to (B)
7-To understand the workings of neurons, an experiment was conducted to study the neural
pathway of a reflex arc in frogs. A diagram of a reflex arc is given below.

8- Which of the following represents the correct pathway taken by a nerve impulse as it travels
from the spinal cord to effector cells?
(A) 1-2-3-4
(B) 6-5-4-3
(C) 2-3-4-5
(D) 4-5-6-7
(E) 7-6-5-4
STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF
 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

9-A nerve impulse requires the release of neurotransmitters at the axonal bulb of a
presynaptic neuron.
Which of the following best explains the purpose of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine?
(A) They speed up the nerve conduction in a neuron.
(B) They open the sodium channels in the axonal membrane.
(C) They excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron.
(D) They open the potassium channels in the axonal membrane.
(E) They force potassium ions to move against the concentration gradient within the axonal
membrane.
10-Which of the following transmits nerve impulses between neurons?
A. Cholinesterase
B. Acetylcholine
C. K+
D. Ca2+
E. Synaptonemal complex
11-The operation of the sodium-potassium ʺpumpʺ moves
A) sodium and potassium ions into the cell.
B) sodium and potassium ions out of the cell.
C)sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell.
D)sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.
E) sodium and potassium ions into the mitochondria.
12-The ʺselectivityʺ of a particular ion channel refers to its
A) permitting passage by positive but not negative ions.
B) permitting passage by negative but not positive ions.
C)ability to change its size depending on the ion needing transport.
D) binding with only one type of neurotransmitter.
E) permitting passage only to a specific ion.

STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF

 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

13- The observation that the acetylcholine released into the junction between a motor neuron
and a skeletal muscle binds to a sodium channel and opens it is an example of
A)a voltage-gated sodium channel.
B)a voltage-gated potassium channel.
C)a ligand-gated sodium channel.
D)a second-messenger-gated sodium channel.
E)a chemical that inhibits action potentials.
14-Most of the synapses in vertebrates conduct information in only one direction because
……….
A)as a result of the nodes of Ranvier.
B)as a result of voltage-gated sodium channels found only in the vertebrate system.
C) because vertebrate nerve cells have dendrites.
D) because only the postsynaptic cells can bind and respond to neurotransmitters.
E) because the sodium-potassium pump moves ions in one direction.
15-The surface on a neuron that discharges synaptic vesicles is the
A)dendrite.
B)axon hillock.
C)node of Ranvier.
D)postsynaptic membrane.
E)presynaptic membrane.

16- Neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals via

A)osmosis.
B)active transport.
C)diffusion.
D)transcytosis.
E)exocytosis.

STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF

 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

17-Receptors for neurotransmitters are of primary functional importance in assuring one-way

synaptic transmission because they are mostly found on the
A) axonal membrane.
B) axon hillock.
C)dendritic membrane.
D)mitochondrial membrane.
E) presynaptic membrane.
18-Functionally, this cellular location is the neuronʹs ʺdecision-making siteʺ as to whether or
not an action potential will be initiated:
A) axonal membranes
B) axon hillocks
C)dendritic membranes
D)mitochondrial membranes
E) presynaptic membranes
19-Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminal of
A) T tubules.
B) motor neuron axons.
C)sensory neuron axons.
D)motor neuron dendrites.
E) sensory neuron dendrites.
20-most neuron in the brain are …………………
A) interneuron.
B) motor neuron.
C)sensory neuron.
D)motor neuron dendrites.
E) sensory neuron dendrites

STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF

 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

21-Neurons have several specialized structures, including dendrites. What might happen if an
individual has malformed dendrites?
A)The individual’s neurons would not be able to receive input properly.

b. The individual’s neurons would not be able to synthesize proteins.

c. The individual’s neurons would not be able to communicate with target neurons.

d. The individual’s neurons would not be able to carry nerve signals.

22-If a neuron has damaged synapses, what would be impaired?
a. Integration of signals from several synapses
b. Speed of signal transduction
c. Receiving signals from other neurons
d. Ability to recharge electrical signals
23-This figure shows a malformed neuron. Why would this neuron be nonfunctional?

a.This neuron would not be able to receive signals.

b. This neuron would not be able to recharge the signal.
c. This neuron would not be able to integrate information from numerous synapses.
d. This neuron would not be able to send signals.
24-Transmission of signals between two neurons requires proper communication between
neurons. Dendrites are a component of many neurons that facilitate signal reception. Which of
the following is true of dendrites?
a. All neurons have several dendrites for signal reception.
b. Dendritic spines decrease possible synaptic connections.
c. Dendrites carry the signal to the soma.
d. Chemical release at dendrites allows signal communication to other cells.
STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF
 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

25-Chemical synapse is a multiple-step process in which neurotransmitters undergo transfer

and binding to different parts of the cell. What happens when a neurotransmitter binds to
ligand-gated ion channels?
a. The ligand-gated ion channels open.
b. The presynaptic neuron reuptakes the neurotransmitter.
c. The neurotransmitter diffuses away from the synapse.
d. The neurotransmitter is enzymatically degraded.
26-Nerve cells are essential to an animal because they directly provide
a) communication between cells
b) transport of nutrients to various organs
c) regulation of reproductive rates within other cells
d) an exchange of gases within the body

27-The process represented in the diagram best illustrates

a) cellular communication
b) muscle contraction
c) extraction of energy from nutrients
d) waste disposal
28- Which statement best describes the diagram?
a) Nerve cell X is releasing receptor molecules.
b) Nerve cell Y is signaling nerve cell X.
c) Nerve cell X is attaching to nerve cell Y.
d) Nerve cell Y contains receptor molecules for substance A.
STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF
 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

29-A drug is developed that, due to its molecular shape, blocks the action of substance A.
Which shape would the drug molecule most likely resemble?

30-Two primary agents of cellular communication are

a) chemicals made by blood cells and simple sugars
b) hormones and carbohydrates
c) enzymes and starches
d) hormones and chemicals made by nerve cells
31-Nerve cells are essential to an animal because they directly provide
a) communication between cells
b) transport of nutrients to various organs
c) regulation of reproductive rates within other cells
d) an exchange of gases within the body
32-Neurotransmitters have as their effectors cells such as
(A) nerves.
(B) muscles.
(C) glands.
(D) all of the above.
(E) none of the above.
33-Neurotransmitters cross the synapse after being released from the
(A) dendrites.
(B) axons.
(C) cell bodies.
(D) terminal arborization.
(E) all of the above.

STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF

 STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS 07/30/2022

34-At the neuromuscular junction, which of the following passes from the nerve cell to the
muscle cell?
(A) An electrical signal
(B) Ail chemical signal
(C) A magnetic signal
(D) An axon
(E) A synapse
35-Which of the following indicates the correct path of an electrical impulse through a neuron?
(A) Axon------»dendrite------»cell body
(B) Dendrite ------» axon------» cell body
(C) Cell body ------» dendrite -----» axon
(D) Dendrite -----» cell body -----» axon
(E) Axon -----» cell body -----» dendrite
36-Sensory neurons send impulses down their axons when.
(A) They are stimulated by impulses from the spinal cord.
(B) Their cell body releases a neurotransmitter.
(C) They are stimulated by a receptor.
(D)The brain sends signals to them.
(E)The organism is about to do something dangerous.

STEM GRADE 12 – FIRST TERM – LECTURE ONE QUESTIONS MR.EHAB SHERIF