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ASP.NET Core Interview Questions & Answers

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Release History
• Initial Release 1.0 - 30th Nov 2018
• Second Release 1.1 - 4th Jan 2019
• Third Release 2.0 - 20th Dec 2019

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 About Dot Net Tricks
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 Dedication
I would like to say many thanks to my mother Mrs Saryuben Trivedi and my wife Mrs Poorvi for their support.
They deserve to have their name on the cover as much as I do for all their support made this possible. I would also
like to say thanks to all my family members Girish Kumar Trivedi (father), Rakesh and Tejas (brother) for their
continuous guidance and support to achieve my goals.

-Jignesh Trivedi

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 Introduction
What Where Author Qualification to Write This Book
Jignesh Trivedi is awarded as MVP by Microsoft for his exceptional contribution in Microsoft technologies under
the category "Developer Technologies" for the year 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. He has more than 12 years of
experience on Microsoft technologies such as ASP.NET, MVC, ASP.NET Core, TypeScript, Blazor, SQL server etc.
and other technologies such as Angular and AngularJS, HTML, CSS, jQuery etc.

He is also a blogger and author of articles on various technologies. He is also a speaker and delivered talk on
various technologies like ASP.NET Core, Angular, MVC etc. in the public events.

What This Book Is

ASP.NET Core is an open-source, cross-platform framework for building web applications using C# and .NET. This
book will teach you ASP.NET Core concepts from scratch to advance with the help of Interview Questions &
Answers. Here, you will about the routing, tag helpers, middleware, session, dependency injection,
authentication, authorization, unit testing and deployment. This book covers ASP.NET Core versions starting from
1.0 to 3.0.

What You’ll Learn

This book is for .NET developers who are looking for a change or want to make a bright future in ASP.NET Core.
This book covers the interview questions on the following topics:

• ASP.NET Core features details.

• How to configure middleware and routing.
• How to enable session and configure your application environment.
• A JS framework like a way to write server-side code to create and render the HTML using Tag Helper.
• How to reuse your code using Partial views and view component.
• Different ways to apply validations and binding data to server-side action methods.
• How to implement localization and globalization.
• Handle exceptions and logging errors.
• Dependency Injection implementation.
• Ways to secure your application and using filters.
• Using Unit testing frameworks and running tests.
• Various Deployment Options.

Our best wishes always with you for your learning and growth!
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 About the Author
Jignesh Trivedi - An Author, Architect, and Microsoft MVP
Jignesh Trivedi is working as a software developer with a leading
organization and having more than 12 years of experience. He is very
passionate about the Microsoft Technologies. He is author, speaker and
MVP.

He has experience to develop enterprise application using Microsoft

technologies such ASP.net Core, C#, SQL server, etc. and other
technologies such as Angular, node.js, etc.

He loves building great products and POC (proof of concepts) using the
best available technologies. He loves to share his knowledge by
contributing to Developer community.

He always tries to keep updated himself about new technologies and learning new skills and shared with other
in simple manner. He hopes that this e-book helps you to crack interview of ASP.NET Core.

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 How to Contact Us
Although the author of this book has tried to make this book as accurate as it possible but if there is something
strikes you as odd, or you find an error in the book please drop a line via e-mail.

The e-mail addresses are listed as follows:

• [email protected]
• [email protected]

We are always happy to hear from our readers. Please provide your valuable feedback and comments!

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 Table of Contents
ASP.NET Core Interview Questions & Answers ............................................................... 1
Release History ...................................................................................................................................................1
About Dot Net Tricks ...........................................................................................................................................2
Dot Net Tricks Courses ........................................................................................................................................2
Dot Net Tricks Pro ...............................................................................................................................................2
Dot Net Tricks Live Training ................................................................................................................................4
Dot Net Tricks eBooks .........................................................................................................................................4
Technical Recruiting ............................................................................................................................................4
Dedication ...........................................................................................................................................................5
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................6
About the Author ................................................................................................................................................7
How to Contact Us ..............................................................................................................................................8

Introducing ASP.NET Core .............................................................................................. 17

Q1. What is the ASP.NET Core?...................................................................................................................... 17
Q2. What are the features provided by ASP.NET Core? ................................................................................ 17
Q3. What is Metapackages?........................................................................................................................... 17
Q4. Can ASP.NET Core application work with full .NET 4.x Framework?....................................................... 17
Q5. Explain the advantages of ASP.NET Core over ASP.NET? ........................................................................ 18
Q6. What is the use of the startup class in ASP.NET core? ............................................................................ 18
Q7. What is the use of ConfigureServices method of startup class? ............................................................. 18
Q8. What is the use of the Configure method of startup class? .................................................................... 18
Q9. Can we configure service and request pipeline without defining Startup class? ................................... 18
Q10. What is new in ASP.net Core 3.0 compared to Core 2.2? ....................................................................... 19
Q11. Does ASP.net Core support response compression? .............................................................................. 20
Q12. How can we do response compression in ASP.net core?........................................................................ 20
Q13. What is CoreCLR? .................................................................................................................................... 20
Q14. Where project static files are stored in ASP.net Core? ........................................................................... 21
Q15. What is Swagger? .................................................................................................................................... 21

Middleware and Routing ............................................................................................... 22

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Q1. How to add middleware to the application request pipeline? ............................................................... 22

 Q2. What is the difference between IApplicationBuilder.Use() and IApplicationBuilder.Run()? .................. 22
Q3. What is the use of "Map" extension while adding middleware to ASP.NET Core pipeline?................... 22
Q4. What is the use of "MapWhen" extension while adding middleware to ASP.NET Core pipeline? ......... 22
Q5. What is middleware? ............................................................................................................................... 23
Q6. How can we configure the pipeline for middleware? ............................................................................. 23
Q7. What is built-in middleware(s) available with ASP.NET Core? ................................................................ 23
Q8. How can you write custom middleware? ................................................................................................ 24
Q9. What is the default order of invoking middleware on requests pipeline? ............................................. 25
Q10. Does Static File Middleware compress the static files? .......................................................................... 25
Q11. What is the difference between Middleware and HttpModule.............................................................. 25
Q12. What is routing in the ASP.NET Core? ..................................................................................................... 26
Q13. How can we configure conventional routing?......................................................................................... 26
Q14. What's happened MVC find two disambiguating actions through routing? ........................................... 26
Q15. What is Attribute routing? ...................................................................................................................... 26
Q16. Does ASP.NET Core support mix routing i.e. both conventional and attribute routing together? ......... 27
Q17. How can we define a route for areas? .................................................................................................... 27
Q18. How attribute routing work with Http[Verb] attribute? ......................................................................... 27
Q19. What is route constraint and what is the use of it? ................................................................................ 28
Q20. Is it recommended to use route constraints for input validation? ......................................................... 28
Q21. What are built-in constraints supported by ASP.net Core MVC?............................................................ 28
Q22. Can we define multiple route constraints for a route parameter? ......................................................... 29
Q23. Can we create custom route constraints?............................................................................................... 29
Q24. Can we use ASP.net core reserved keywords as route names? .............................................................. 29
Q25. What is endpoint routing?....................................................................................................................... 29
Q26. How endpoint routing differs from earlier versions of routing? ............................................................. 30
Q27. Can we define multiple routes for single action?.................................................................................... 30

Session and Environment Settings ................................................................................. 31

Q1. How can we enable Session in ASP.NET Core?........................................................................................ 31
Q2. How many types of session state is supported by ASP.NET Core? ......................................................... 31
Q3. How to access the session in ASP.NET Core application? ....................................................................... 31
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Q4. Why Session is stored in the form of byte array in ASP.NET Core? ........................................................ 32
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 Q5. Is there any sequence to call UseSession() method in the Configure method? ..................................... 32
Q6. Can we store the Complex data into the session? .................................................................................. 32
Q7. How does ASP.net core track user session? ............................................................................................ 33
Q8. Can we change the name of the cookie used for the session? ............................................................... 33
Q9. How can we maintain the app state in ASP.net core? ............................................................................ 33
Q10. How can we set an environment variable? ............................................................................................. 33
Q11. Key for environment variable is case-sensitive? ..................................................................................... 33
Q12. How determine the value of an environment variable programmatically? ............................................ 34
Q13. What are the various JSON files available in ASP.NET Core? .................................................................. 34
Q14. What is the use of “launchsettings.json” file? ........................................................................................ 34
Q15. What is the use of "appsettings.json" file? ............................................................................................. 34
Q16. What is the use of "bower.json" file? ...................................................................................................... 34

Areas and Tag Helpers ................................................................................................... 35

Q1. What is Area in ASP.NET Core? ............................................................................................................... 35
Q2. Do nested areas are supported by ASP.NET Core? ................................................................................. 35
Q3. How to generate links for controller action under the area? ................................................................. 35
Q4. How to generate links for controller action under the area using tag helper?....................................... 35
Q5. How can we add Area to ASP.NET Core application? .............................................................................. 35
Q6. How to associate the controller with an Area? ....................................................................................... 36
Q7. Can we change folder name "Areas" to any other name? ...................................................................... 36
Q8. Explain about tag helper in ASP.NET Core? ............................................................................................. 37
Q9. What are the advantages of tag helper? ................................................................................................. 37
Q10. What is different between HTML helper and Tag helper? ...................................................................... 37
Q11. How to add supports for Tag Helper to Razor view? .............................................................................. 37
Q12. Can we disable Tag Helper at element level?.......................................................................................... 38
Q13. Can we specify the prefix for tag helper?................................................................................................ 38
Q14. Can we enable directory browsing through the code in ASP.NET Core? ................................................ 38
Q15. What is the use of "UseFileServer" in Configure method of startup class? ............................................ 39
Q16. What are built-in tag helpers provided with ASP.net Core? ................................................................... 39

Razor Pages and View Component................................................................................. 40

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Q1. What are the Razor Pages in ASP.NET Core? .......................................................................................... 40

 Q2. How can we prevent Razor pages from XSRF/CSRF attack? ................................................................... 40
Q3. How can we enable Razor pages for ASP.net core app? ......................................................................... 40
Q4. What is the handler method in Razor pages? ......................................................................................... 40
Q5. What are the handler methods available with Razor pages? ................................................................. 41
Q6. How can we do an automatic model binding in Razor pages?................................................................ 41
Q7. How can we be binding the route data in Razor pages? ......................................................................... 41
Q8. What is the use of ViewData attribute in Razor pages? .......................................................................... 41
Q9. How can we apply filters in Razor pages? ............................................................................................... 42
Q10. What is the RCL (Razor Class Library) project? ........................................................................................ 42
Q11. What happened if view, partial view, or Razor Page found in both RCL and web application? ............. 42
Q12. What is the view component in ASP.NET Core?...................................................................................... 42
Q13. What are the features provided by the ViewComponent? ..................................................................... 42
Q14. How can we create ViewComponent? .................................................................................................... 43
Q15. What is the default path of view for ViewComponent? ......................................................................... 43
Q16. Can we have invoked view component from the controller? ................................................................. 43

Model Binding and Validations ...................................................................................... 44

Q1. What is Model binding?........................................................................................................................... 44
Q2. How does model binding work in ASP.NET Core application? ................................................................ 44
Q3. What are the characteristics for complex type for binding the value? ................................................... 44
Q4. Can we control the behaviour of Model binding using attribute? .......................................................... 45
Q5. Can we create a custom model binder? If yes how?............................................................................... 45
Q6. How can we use/register custom model binder in ASP.net core? .......................................................... 45
Q7. How can apply custom model binder using ModelBinder attribute? ..................................................... 45
Q8. How can we register a custom model binder globally? .......................................................................... 46
Q9. What is the use of BindProperty and BindProperties attribute? ............................................................ 46
Q10. What happened when “SupportsGet” property of BindProperty attribute is set to true? .................... 47
Q11. How can we do model validation with ASP.NET Core? ........................................................................... 47
Q12. How can we check our model is valid or not at the controller level? ..................................................... 47
Q13. Which part of the MVC framework responsible to set IsValid property of ModelState class? .............. 47
Q14. Can we validate the model manually in Controller class? ....................................................................... 47
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Q15. How can we do Client-side validation? ................................................................................................... 47

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 Q16. What are built-in validation attributes provided with ASP.net Core? .................................................... 48
Q17. How can we create a custom validation attribute? ................................................................................ 48
Q18. How can we disable client-side validation?............................................................................................. 48

Globalization and Localization ....................................................................................... 49

Q1. What is Internationalization in ASP.NET Core? ....................................................................................... 49
Q2. What is a resource file naming convention? ........................................................................................... 49
Q3. How can we achieve localization in view? .............................................................................................. 49
Q4. How can we access a localized resource string in Controller? ................................................................ 50
Q5. Can we localize error messages defined in Data Annotation? ................................................................ 50
Q6. How does culture fallback mechanism work in ASP.net Core? ............................................................... 51
Q7. What happens when resource not found in a culture resource file? ..................................................... 51
Q8. How can we return the resource key when resource not found in culture file? .................................... 51
Q9. Can we add Content-Language header With ASP.net core? If yes, how? ............................................... 51
Q10. What is Neutral culture? ......................................................................................................................... 51

Exception Handling and Logging Framework ................................................................. 52

Q1. What is "Developer Exception Page" in ASP.NET Core?.......................................................................... 52
Q2. How can we configure custom exception handling page in ASP.NET Core? ........................................... 52
Q3. Can we define custom exception without using defining error page? ................................................... 53
Q4. How to configure the logging framework in ASP.NET Core?................................................................... 53
Q5. What are the possible values for Log level enum for the Logging framework?...................................... 54
Q6. How many built-in extension methods provided by the logging framework of ASP.NET Core? ............ 54
Q7. What is the use of enum value LogLevel.None? ..................................................................................... 54
Q8. How to set default minimum log level for Logging Framework? ............................................................ 54
Q9. How to define filter rule for the Logging framework in ASP.NET Core? ................................................. 55
Q10. What is log scope in the Logging framework?......................................................................................... 56
Q11. What are third party logging frameworks supported by ASP.NET Core?................................................ 57
Q12. What are built-in logging providers supported by ASP.net Core? .......................................................... 57

Dependency Injection .................................................................................................... 58

Q1. How does dependency injection work in ASP.NET Core? ....................................................................... 58
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Q2. How many types of service containers available in ASP.NET Core? ....................................................... 58
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Q3. How can we inject the service dependency into the controller? ............................................................ 58
 Q4. Can we inject the dependency to individual action method of the controller? ..................................... 59
Q5. Can we get a service instance without dependency injection in the controller action method?........... 59
Q6. How to specify a service life for register service that added as a dependency? .................................... 59
Q7. How can we inject the service dependency into the View?.................................................................... 60
Q8. What point you will be taken care while creating service for DI? ........................................................... 61

Security and Filters ........................................................................................................ 62

Q1. What is the use of a filter in ASP.NET Core application?......................................................................... 62
Q2. Explain about the filter types available in ASP.NET Core application ..................................................... 62
Q3. In which sequence all the filters are invoked? ........................................................................................ 62
Q4. How can we create a custom filter in ASP.net Core? .............................................................................. 63
Q5. Does the filter support asynchronous implementation? ........................................................................ 63
Q6. How to implement the asynchronous filter in ASP.NET Core? ............................................................... 63
Q7. Explain about the Filter scope? ............................................................................................................... 63
Q8. How to define filter at Global level in ASP.NET Core?............................................................................. 64
Q9. What is the Default order of filter execution? ........................................................................................ 64
Q10. Can we override the default order of execution of filter in ASP.NET Core? ........................................... 64
Q11. Does the built-in filter also implement the interface IOrderFilter? ........................................................ 65
Q12. Can we cancel the execution of filter or short-circuiting filters? ............................................................ 65
Q13. Can we inject the dependency to the filter attribute? ............................................................................ 65
Q14. Can you apply a filter attribute having constructor dependency to the controller or action? ............... 65
Q15. What is exception filter in ASP.NET Core? .............................................................................................. 65
Q16. What is a limitation of Exception filter? .................................................................................................. 66
Q17. How the exception filter differs from an action filter? ........................................................................... 66
Q18. What kind of exception can be catch using exception filter? ................................................................. 66
Q19. What is the use of Result Filter in ASP.NET Core? ................................................................................... 66
Q20. What are Authentication and Authorization? ......................................................................................... 66
Q21. How can we configure built-in identity service for ASP.NET Core application?...................................... 67
Q22. What is the difference between AddIdentity and AddDefaultIdentity? ................................................. 67
Q23. How can we override default configuration for Identity? ....................................................................... 67
Q24. How can we configure windows authentication in ASP.NET Core application? ..................................... 68
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Q25. How can we enforce Https for all requests in ASP.net Core? ................................................................. 69
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 Q26. Is there any alternative approach for enforcing Https other than injecting middleware? ..................... 69
Q27. How can we enable CORS in ASP.net core app? ..................................................................................... 70
Q28. How to prevent ASP.net Core app from Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)? ........................................ 70

Unit Testing ................................................................................................................... 72

Q1. What Unit Testing frameworks can be used with ASP.NET Core? .......................................................... 72
Q2. How can we write a unit test with the MSTest framework? ................................................................... 72
Q3. Can we create an MSTest project using command line interface (CLI)? ................................................. 72
Q4. How can we verify the test in MSTest? ................................................................................................... 72
Q5. How to run the unit test? ........................................................................................................................ 73
Q6. Can we write a data-driven test using MSTest? ...................................................................................... 73
Q7. How can we write a unit test with xUnit framework? ............................................................................ 74
Q8. How can we verify the test in xUnit?....................................................................................................... 74
Q9. Can we write a data-driven test using xUnit? ......................................................................................... 74
Q10. How can we write a unit test with NUnit framework?............................................................................ 74
Q11. How can we verify the test in NUnit? ...................................................................................................... 75
Q12. Can we write a data-driven test using NUnit?......................................................................................... 75
Q13. What is the use of setup attribute in NUnit framework?........................................................................ 75
Q14. How can we create a test for the controller that has service dependency? .......................................... 75
Q15. What is a Mock (or moq) object in a unit test? ....................................................................................... 76
Q16. What are the Integration tests? .............................................................................................................. 76
Q17. How Integration tests different from a unit test? ................................................................................... 76
Q18. What is the load test and stress test? ..................................................................................................... 77
Q19. What are the tools used for web performance testing? ......................................................................... 77

Deployment ................................................................................................................... 78
Q1. What are the different techniques for hosting an ASP.NET Core application?....................................... 78
Q2. What is Kestrel? ....................................................................................................................................... 78
Q3. How to add Kestrel server in ASP.NET Core application? ....................................................................... 78
Q4. Can we bind TCP socket with Kestrel server?.......................................................................................... 79
Q5. What is HTTP.sys server? ......................................................................................................................... 79
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Q6. What are the features are supported by HTTP.sys server?..................................................................... 79

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Q7. How to host an application using HTTP.sys server? ................................................................................ 79

 Q8. How to host ASP.NET Core application as a Windows service? .............................................................. 79
Q9. What is ASP.NET Core Module? .............................................................................................................. 80
Q10. What is In-process hosting model in ASP.net Core? ............................................................................... 80
Q11. What is an out-of-process hosting model in ASP.net core? .................................................................... 80

References ..................................................................................................................... 81

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