Ftÿ¿

504
 505

Ftÿ¿
BapJw
“thZ-]p-kX
v I
- Ø- n¬ as‰m-cn-SØpw \¬I-s∏-´n-´n-√mØ, blq-ZN
- c - n-{X-Øns‚ Hcp `mKw
Ftÿ-dns‚ ]pkvXI - Ø
- n¬ \n∂pw \ap°p e`n-°p-∂p. DZm-lc- W - Ø - n-\,v \ap-s°√mw
Adn-bm-hp-∂X - p-t]mse, blq-ZP
- \w C∂p-ht-cbpw BtLm-jn-®p-hc - p∂ ]pcow- s]-
cp-∂m-fns‚ Bcw-`sØ Ipdn®v Cu ]pkvXI - Ø- n¬ \n∂p-amWv \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂-
Xv”.
˛- Imƒ B¿sa¿Unßv

I. Imt\m-\nse AXp-ey-ÿm\w 5:4; 5:13; 7:7) sP knUvtem _mIvÿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-

∂p. AXp-t]mse “Flvtblv” (Rm\m-Ip-∂-h≥ Rm\m-
tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-b≥, blqZ h¿§-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb
Ip-∂p) F∂ \maw ip≤m-£-c-t«m-I-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬
Xß-fpsS \tbm-]mbw h¿≤n-∏n-®m¬ AXns‚ ]cn-W-
HcnSØv D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v (7:5). “CXv BI-kvan-I-
X-^ew F¥m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv Xm≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂s
- X∂v
am-bn-´p-f-f-X-√, AØ-c-samcp cq]-L-S\ Xøm-dm-°p-hm≥
Hcp ]m›m-Xy≥ Hcp tkmhn-b‰v blq-Z-t\mSp tNmZn-
{ian-°p∂ Hcp-h\v AXnse _p≤n-ap´v a\- n-em-°p-hm≥
®p. “Hm, Hcp D¬k-h-Øn\p km[y-X-bp≠v!”. AXns‚
hni-Zo-I-cWw Bcm-™-t∏mƒ blq-Z≥ C{]-Imcw Ignbpw” F∂v kvt{ImPn Fgp-Xp-∂p.
]d™p; “^d-thm≥ blq-Z-P-\sØ D∑q-e\w sNøp- Nne {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v F{_m-b-`mj Adn-bm-hp-∂-
hm≥ B{K-ln-®p, AXns‚ ]cn-W-X-^eamWv s]kl; Xp-sIm≠pw, DZm-l-c-W-߃Iq-SmsX CXv a\- n-em-°p-
lmam≥ Rß-fpsS kaq-lsØ \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian- hm≥ _p≤n-ap-´p-ff Hcp kmlnXy cq]-am-I-sIm-≠pw,
®p, AXns‚ ^e-ambn ]pcow s]cp-∂mƒ D≠m-bn; {]mk-Øn-ep-ff Cw•ojv Cuc-Sn-I-fnse ip≤m-£-c-
At¥ymIy-kv, F∏n-∏m-\kv Rßsf sIm√p-hm≥ {ian- t«mIw hni-Za - m-°p-∂X
- n\v B¿X¿. Sn. ]ntb-gvks‚ Iem-
®p, XXv^-e-am-bp-≠m-b-XmWv l\p°m!” ]-chpw kma¿∞y-]-c-hp-amb c≠p ]cn-{i-a-ßsf ChnsS
C∂pw Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-bn-´p-f-f, h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb D≤-cn-°s´: bmlvsh (YHWH) F∂-Xn\p ]Icw Xm≥
Hcp blqZm Ah-[n-Zn-hk
- a
- mb ]pcow s]cp-∂m-fns‚ D¤- btlmh (LORD) F∂ \maw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. aqe-
hsØ Ipdn®v Ftÿ-dns‚ ]pkvXIw hnh-cn-°p-∂p.Cu `m-j-bn-te-Xp-t]mse, Xs‚ DZm-l-c-W-Øn¬ BZy-tØ-
]pkvXIw B≠p-tXmdpw ]c-ky-ambn hmbn-°p-tºmƒ, Xn\v {]mcw-`-A-£-c-ßfpw c≠m-a-tØ-Xn¬ Ah-km\
lmams‚ t]cv ]d-bp∂ ka-b-sØ√mw P\w i_vZ-ap- A£-c-ß-fp-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂Xp {i≤n-
≠m°n B “\maw” tIƒ°s∏Sm-Xm-°p-∂p. °p-I. IqSmsX ]ntb-gvk¨ Xs‚ H∂m-asØ DZm-
lcWØn¬, L-O-R-D (btlmh) F∂\maw ]n∂n-te-
]e \ne-I-fnepw Ftÿ-dns‚ ]pkvXIw AXp-ey-
°mWv D®-cn-°p-∂-Xv, c≠m-a-tØ-Xn¬ km[m-cW \ne-
am-Wv. skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ sbcp-i-te-an-
bn-epw. CXv aqe-`m-j-bmb F{_m-b-`m-j-bn¬ Hcp-t]m-
te°p aS-ßn-h∂ sNdn-bI - q´w tijn-∏ns‚ I¿i\ \nb-
se-bmWv:
a-ßfpw N´-ßfpw ]men-°msX(1), ]m¿ky-bnse kar-
≤n-°p(2) {]m[m\yw \¬Inb Ae-k-cmb blq-Z-∑m-cpsS Due Respect Our Ladies all,
Ncn-{X-amWv AXn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. (F-
Shall give their husbands great and small (1:20)
{km.2). D]-hm-k-sam-gnsI aX-]-c-amb bmsXmcp kqN-
\bpw CXn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. (k-Ie `mcy-amcpw hen-b-htcm sNdn-b-htcm Bb
Xß-fpsS `¿Øm-°-∑msc _lp-am-\n-°-Ww).
ssZh-Øns‚ t]cv(3) Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-
Sp-∂n√ F∂Xv CXns‚ {it≤-b-amb as‰mcp {]tXy-I- IlL tO feaR decreeD I find
X-bmWv; Xncp-hN
- \
- Ø
- n¬ AXn-\p-ff ÿm\m-hI - m-isØ
Toward me in the Monarch’s mind. (7:7)
tNmZyw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw Imc-W-ambn Xo¿∂n-´p-ff Hcp
hkvXp-Xb- m-Wv. F∂m¬ btlm-hb - psS \maw, IY-bnse (cmPmhv X\n°v A\¿∞w \n›-bn®p F∂pI≠n´v
\n¿Æm-bIL´ßfn¬, Hcp ip≤m-£-ct«mI-sa-∂-\n-e- lmam≥ Xs‚ Poh-c-£-bv°mbn Ftÿ¿ cm⁄n-tbm-
bn¬ \mep {]mhiyw \nKqV-am-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v F∂v (1:20; S-t]-£n-∏m≥ \n∂p).(5)
506 Ftÿ¿

]m¿ky km{amPyw (G-Xm≠v B.C. 500)

ssZh-Øns‚ t]cv kv]jvS-ambn CXn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp- \oXn-tISv knwlm-k-\-Ønepw Ccn-°p∂p:

∂n- s √- ¶ nepw, X∂m¬ cq]o- I r- X - a mb “bmZr—n- I - ]t£ B Xq°p-acw `mhnsb kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p;
Xz”ßfpsS Hcp ]c-º-c-bneqsS Xs‚ P\-Øn\p Xm≥
\ng-ep-Iƒ°p-f-fnse Ccp-fn-a-bn¬ Xs‚
\¬Inb hnSp- X ¬ \nanØw Xs‚ km∂n- [ yhpw
i‡nbpw Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-S-\ofw hy‡-ambn shfn- kz¥-am-b-Xn-t∑¬ ZrjvSn-h-®p-sIm≠v
s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Xß-fpsS kztZ-i-tØ°pw ]´- Adn-b-s∏-SmsX ssZhw \n¬°p-∂p.
W-Øn-te°pw aS-ßn-t∏m-ImsX _m_n-tem-Wn¬ kzta- Ftÿ-dns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \n∂p-ff D≤-c-Wn-I-
[bm ]m¿Ø P\-tØmSpIqsS-bp-ff btlm-hb - psS kl- sfm∂pw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn-en√; Xs∂-bp-a√ Nmhp-I-S¬
hmkw t]sc-SpØp kv]jvS-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-´n-s√- Npcp-fp-I-fn¬ CXns‚ `mK-ß-sfm∂pw Ct∂-hsc ImW-
¶nepw, Ah-tcm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ Xs‚ Icp-X-ens\ s∏-´n-´n-√. CuIm-c-W-ß-fmepw a‰p ]e hnj-b-ß-fmepw
Ipdn®v tNmZyw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. At∏mgpw Nne¿ (Nn-e- b-lq-Z-∑m¿ t]mepw) Ftÿ¿ ]pkvX-I-
Ah¿ Xs‚ P\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p, AXp-sIm≠v Ahsc Øns‚ Imt\m-\n-IXzw tNmZyw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. F¥m-bn-
D∑q- e \w sNøp- h m≥ {ian- ° p∂ blq- Z - h n- t cm- [ n- I - cp-∂m-epw, Xs‚ P\w A\p-k-cWt°Sp ImWn-®-t∏mƒ
fn¬\n∂pw (km-Øm-\m¬ t{]cn-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂h- ¿) Ah≥ t]mepw ssZhw hniz-kvX-\m-bn-cp-∂, A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏´
Ahsc hnSp-hn-°pw. Hmtcm t]Pns‚ ASn-bnepw Xs‚ Hcp ]mTw Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-≠v.
t]sc-gpXn H∏p-h-®n-s√-¶nepw kIe Ncn-{X-Øn-t‚bpw
Imc-W-°m-c≥ ssZhw Xs∂-bm-Wv. II. {KŸI¿ØrXzw
Ftÿ- d ns‚ ]pkv X - I - t Øm- S p- f f _‘- Ø n¬, ]m¿ky k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw sIm´m-c-kw-_-‘-amb hnh-
sPbnwkv d ¬ temh-ens‚ IhnX A\p-tbm-Py-amb c-ßfpw \∂m-bd - n-bm-hp∂ Hcp blq-Z\
- mWv CXns‚ Fgp-
Hcp hymJym-\-amWv: Øp-Im-c≥ F∂-Xn¬ Hcp kwi-b-hp-an√ (Cu {]tXy-I-
k-hn-ti-jX - I
- f- n¬ NneXv ]pcm-hk- vXp-Kt- h-jWw ÿnco-
{i≤-bn-√mbva henb {]Xn-Imcw sNø-embn tXm∂p- I-cn-®n-´p-≠v). {]hm-km-\-¥c Ime-L-´Ønse F{_m-b-
∂p. `mjmcoXn D]tbm-Kn®v Hcp ZrIvkm-£nsbt]mse-bmWv
hN-\-Øn\pw ]gb k{º-Zm-b-߃°pw at[y, Xm≥ CsX-gp-Xp-∂Xv. CXns‚ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ F{kmtbm
s\l-aymthm BsW∂v Nne¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
Ccp-´n¬ Hcp acWw a¬∏n-SpØw \S-Øp-∂Xv tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bmWv Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ F∂v blq-Zm-]m-c-
Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Xmfp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. ºcyw ]d-bp-∂p. kXy-Øn¬ Cu ]pkvXIw Bsc-gpXn
F∂-Xns\ Ipdn®v \ap°v hy‡-amb Hc-dn-hp-an√; Hcp
kXyw Ft∏mgpw Xq°p-a-c-Øn-epw, ]t£ CXns‚ am\p-joI Fgp-ØpIm-c≥ Ncn-{X-]c - a
- mbn
 Ftÿ¿ 507

A{X {]m[m-\y-ap-ff hy‡n-bm-bn-cn-°n-√. AXv Bcm-bn- cn-°p∂ kw`h-߃ \S-∂-Xv. skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚ t\Xr-
cp-∂m-epw, “]pƒ]n‰v hymJym-\”-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂- Xz-Øn¬ sbcp-i-te-an-te°p aS-ßn-t∏mb Npcp°w Nne
Xp-t]mse, “ssZhhnizm-kn-b-√mØ Hcp-h\v CsX-gp- tijn-∏n-t\m-sSm∏w sbcp-i-te-an-te-°p -t]m-Ip-hm≥
Xphm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√; CXn-\m¬ Xs‚ hnizmkw _e- Xm¬]- c y- s ∏- S m- s X, (F- { km.2) _mt_- e n¬ Xs∂
s∏-´-Xmbn ImWmsX Hcp hnizm-kn°v CXv hmbn-°p- ]m¿Ø blq-Z-∑msc kw_-‘n-®p-f-f-XmWv Cu ]pkvX-
hm\pw Ign-I-bn-√”. Iw. AXnse apJy-I-Ym-]m-{Xw, cm⁄n-bm-bn-Xo¿∂
A\m-Ys- ]¨Ip-´n,- F-tÿ¿; Ah-fn¬\n∂p-amWv ]pkvX-
III. Fgp-X-s∏-´-Imew I-Øn\v B t]cv e`n-®-Xv. Ftÿ¿ F∂ Ah-fp-sS-
Al-iz-tciv (ti-sc-iv) cmPmhv CXn-t\m-SIw acn-®- ]m¿ky t]cn-s‚-b¿∞w “\£{Xw” F∂m-Wv. AXv Hcp-
Xmbn Ftÿ¿.10:2˛¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. B.C. 465˛-emWv ]t£ Cjv ‰ m¿ tZhn- b psS t]cn¬\n∂pw Dcp- Ø n-
Xm≥ acn-®Xv, AXp-sIm≠v B h¿jw Ign-™v Cu cn™Xmhmw. lZ v F∂p- f f Ah- f psS F{_mb
]pkvXIw Fgp-X-s∏-´n-cn-°m-\mWv km[y-X. ]m¿kn-kw- t]cns‚b¿∞w “sImgp¥v” F∂m-Wv.
kvIm-csØ Ipdn-®p-ff hni-Zo-I-c-Ww, cmP-k-Z- n-te-°p- ]m¿ky-bnse aq∂p {][m\ Xe-ÿm\ ]´-W-ß-fn¬
ff {]th-i\ Ncn{Xw ZrIvkm£n kv]jvSX apX-em-b-h- H∂mb iqi-\n-em-bn-cp∂p (NKJV am¿Pn≥˛ kqk) Al-
sb√mw tisc-ins‚ ac-W-Øn\p tijw sXm´-SpØ Hcp iz-tc-ins‚ cmP-[m-\n. AIvtaØ (F-Iv_-Øm\ ˛
Ime-sØ-bmWv ]n≥Xm-ßp-∂-Xv. Hcp ]t£ A¿∞- NASB) _m_ntem¨ F∂n-h-bm-bn-cp∂p a‰p-c-s≠-Æw.
lvijvTm I s‚ hmgvN-bpsS Ime-ØmImw (B.C. 464 ˛ iqi≥ F∂Xv Hcp F{_m- b - \ m- a - a m- b n- c p- ∂ p,
424) km[m-c-Wt-- ]m-se, Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb hna¿i-I¿ AXns‚b¿∞w Xmac F∂m-Wv. (6) {]hm-NI - \
- mb Zm\n-
hfsc ]nºp-ff Hcp Ime-amWv CXn-t\m-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ tb¬ AhnsS kabw Nne-h-gn-®n-´p-≠v (Zm-\n.8). Ftÿ-
\n¿t±-in-°p-∂Xv (B.C. 3˛mw \q‰m-t≠m, 2˛mw \q‰m-t≠m). dns‚ Ime-Øn\pwtij-amWv s\l-aymhv AhnsS tkh-
IV. ]›m-Ø-ehpw hnj-bhpw \-a-\p-jvTn-®Xv (s\-l.1) B.C. 483-˛mw B≠n¬ Bcw-`n-
°p∂ \ΩpsS IY Ahn-sS-bmWv \S-°p-∂-Xv. (B.C.
]m¿kn-cm-Pm-hmb Al-iz-tc-ins‚ (ti-sc-iv) hmgvN 486˛emWv tisciv A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂Xv; Xs‚ hmgvN-
Im-e-Øv, AXm-bXv F{km;6,7 A≤ym-b-߃°n-S-bn-ep- bpsS aq∂mw B≠n-emWv 1˛mw A≤ymbw Bcw-`n-°p-
ff Hcp Ime-ØmWv Cu ]pkvXI - Ø
- n¬ {]-Xn-]m-Zn°s∏´n- ∂Xv hm.3).

Df-f-S°w
I. hÿn-bpsS \njv°m-k\ kw_-‘-amb B⁄ (A.1)
II. Ftÿ-dns‚ ÿm\m-tcm-lWw ]q¿Øn-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.2)
III. blq-Z-∑msc \mam-h-ti-j-am-°p-hm-\p-ff ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.3,4)
A. cmPm-hp-am-bp-ff lmams‚ kw`m-j-Ww (A.3).
B. cm⁄n-bp-am-bp-ff tam¿sZ-Jm-bn-bpsS kw`m-jWw (A.4).
IV. blq-Z-∑m-cpsS D∑q-e-\miw hn^-e-am-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A 5˛9).
A. Ftÿ-dns‚ hn\o-Xm-`y¿∞-\bpw lmams‚ Aa¿jhpw (A.5)
B. lmam\p am\-lm-\nbpw tam¿s±-Jm-bn°p BZ-chpw (A.6)
C. Ftÿdns‚ Ip‰m-tcm-]-Whpw lmams‚ h[-in-£bpw (A.7)
D. tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS ÿm\-°-b-‰hpw blq-Z-∑m-cpsS hnSp-Xepw (A.8)
E. i{Xp-°-fpsS \mihpw ]pcow s]cp-∂m-fns‚ Bcw-`hpw (A.9)
V. tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS Db¿® (A.10).
508 Ftÿ¿ 1,2

hymJym\w
I. hÿn-bpsS \njv°m-k\ kw_-‘- 1:21,22:˛ cmPmhv s]s´∂v AhcpsS D]-tZiw \nb-a-
am-°n-ap-{Z-h-®p, AXXp kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬, AX-Xp-`m-j-
amb B⁄ (A.1) I-fn¬ AXp {]kn≤w sNøp-hm-\p-ff Iev]-\bpw sImSp-
1:1-˛4:˛ alm-\mb Zmcym-th-ins‚ ]p{X-\mb tisc-im- Øp. GXp-]p-cp-j\pw Xs‚ ho´n¬ I¿Øhyw \S-Øp-
bn-cp∂p (NKJV am¿Pn≥ t\m°p-I) Al-iz-tc-si∂v Ibpw kz`mj kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw thW-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p
B[p-\nI hymJym-Xm-°-fn¬ ]ecpw hniz-kn-°p∂p; AXnse Df-f-S°w Cu saaq-Jm≥ ho´n¬ `mcy-bm¬ `cn-
F∂m¬ F√m ]WvUn-X-∑mcpw CXw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. °-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp `¿Øm-hm-bn-cp-∂p, AXp-sIm≠v Cu
B.C.486 apX¬ B.C.465 hsc tisciv `cWw \S-Øn. Iev]-\bpw sIm≠mWv Xm≥ Xs‚ `mcy-bpsS ASp-
tØ°v aS-ßn-sN-√p-∂-Xv.(7)
ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ BZy-hn-cp∂v \q‰n-
sb¨]-Xp-Zn-hkw `wK-an-√msX XpS¿am\w \S-∂n-cn-°- II. Ftÿ- d ns‚ ÿm\m- t cm- l Ww
W-sa-∂n-√, adn®v Xs‚ cmP-Iob al-Xz-Øns‚ sFiz-
]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.2)
cyhpw {]Xm-]hpw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-hm-s\-SpØ ka-b-am-bn-
cp∂p AXv. Xs‚ km{amPyw AXn-hn-im-e-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn- 2:1˛4:˛ Xm≥ hÿn-tbmSp sNbvX-sX¥v F∂-Xns\
\m¬, Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ hnhn[ {]`p-°-∑m¿ ]e-k-a-b- Ipdn®v cmPmhv Nn¥n-°p-∂p-sh∂p tXm∂nb \nb-tam-]-
ßfnembn-´mhmw hncp-∂n\p h∂-Xv. tZ-jvS-°-∑m¿, Ahƒ°p ]Icw cm⁄n-bm-°p-hm≥
1:5˛8:˛ Ggp-Zn-hkw \o≠p-\n∂ c≠m-asØ hncp∂v kuµ-cy-ap-ff kIe I\y-Ia- m-cn¬ \n∂pw Hcp bph-Xnsb
iqi-\n-ep-ff kI-e-P-\-Øn\pw th≠n-bp-f-f-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. At\z-jn-°p-hm≥ \n¿t±-in-®p.
cmP-Iob ho™v s]m≥]m-{X-ßf - n¬ \n∂pw ca-Wo-ba - mbn 2:5˛7:˛ ka¿∞- c mb bph- X n- I sf iqi- \ n- t e°p
Ae- ¶ - c n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c p∂ DZym- \ m- ¶ - W - Ø n- t e°v HgpIn sIm≠p-h∂ Iq´-Øn¬, Xe-ÿm\ \K-cn-bnse I\y-I-
(Xo¿®-bmbpw ss__n-fnse G‰hpw \nd-∏-In-´m¿∂ am-cn¬ Hcm-fmb Ftÿdpw Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-
hmIyw 6˛mw hmIy-amWv!) AXn-Yn-Iƒ°v Ah-c-h-cpsS °ƒ acn-®-t∏mƒ Ah-fpsS Nn‰-∏-\mb tam¿s±-Jmbn
Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw Ipdt®m IqSp-Xtem IpSn-°p-hm-\p- Ahsf ZsØ-Sp-Øp. tam¿s±-Jmbn Hcp s_\ym-ao-\y-\m-
ff A\p-hm-Z-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. bn-cp-∂p, sbsJm-\y-thmSp IqsSsIm≠p-t]mb {]hm-kn-
1:9˛12:˛ as‰mcp hncp-∂n¬ kv{XoIƒ°v BXn-tY-bXzw I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ Xs‚ ]nXm-al≥ Ioip-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p
hln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ hÿnsb sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ el-cn- (2cmP.24:14-˛16).
]n-Sn® tisciv ]f-fn-bd hnNm-cn-∏p-Im-tcmSv Bh-iy- 2:8--˛11:˛ A¥x-]p-c-]m-e-I-\mb tlKm-bn°v Ah-tfmSp
s∏-´p. B s]mXp-NS- ß - n¬ Ahsf sIm≠p-hc - p-hm≥ Bh- ]£wtXm∂n; Ah≥ ip≤o-IcWØn-\p-th≠ hkvXp-
iy-s∏-´Xv Ah-fpsS kuµcyw ImWn-°p-hm≥ th≠n-bm- °fpw, D]-Po-h\ hoXhpw, _mey-°m-c-Øn-I-tfbpw
bn- c p- ∂ p. F∂m¬ ]m¿ky kwkv I m- c - a - \ p- k - c n®v Ahƒ°p thK-Øn¬ sImSpØp, IqSmsX Ah-tfbpw
kv{XoIƒ HXp-°-ap-f-f-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww, Ah¿ s]mXp Ah-fpsS _mey-°m-cØ - n-It- fbpw A¥x-]p-cØ
- nse DØ-
ÿe-ß-fn¬ aqSp-]Sw C´mWv htc-≠-Xv.-A-Xp-sIm≠v
a-amb ÿe-Øm-°n. tam¿s±-Jmbn ]d-™-X-\p-k-cn®v
ho™p-Ip-Sn®p elcn ]nSn-®n-cp∂ cmPmhv X\n°v s]s´-
Ahƒ Xs‚ PmXnbpw Ipehpw Ahsc Adn-bn-®n-√.
∂p-≠mb Hcm-{Klw km[n-°p-hm≥ th≠n Ah-tfmSv
Ah-fp-ambn t\cn´p _‘-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km[n-®n-s√-¶nepw,
kzbw Xcw-Xm-gvØp-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv
Znh-tk\ Ah-fpsS hnh-c-ß-f-dn-bp-hm-\p-ff am¿§-ap-≠m-
AhnsS ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Aß-s\-bp-ff Hcp {]Z¿i\w
bn-cp∂p X\n-°v.
Ahƒ \ntj-[n-®-Xp-sIm≠v cmPmhv AXy-[nIw tIm]n-
®p. 2:12-˛14:˛ cmPm-hns‚ InS-∏-d-bn-te°p kv{XoIsf
sIm≠p-h-cp-hm-\p-ff Ah-cpsS Hcp-°-Imew ]{¥≠p
1:13-˛20:˛ cmPmhv Xs‚ hnZz-∑m-tcmSv Btem-N\ tNmZn-
®-t∏mƒ, hÿn-bpsS s]cp-am‰w cmPy-Øp-S-\o-f-ap-ff amk-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipg-ºpw, kpK-‘-{Z-hy-ßfpw kuµ-cy-
kv{XoIƒ°v tami-amb Hcp amXr-Ib - m-sW∂v Ah¿ A`n- h¿≤I hkvXp-°fpw sIm≠p-ff BNm-c-]-c-amb Hcp
{]m-bs - ∏-´p. hÿnsb ÿm\-{`-jvSb - m-°n-s°m-≠p-ff Hcp ip≤o-I-c-W-N-S-ßn-eqsS Ahƒ IS-∂p-t]m-bn. Aßs\
Iev]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-I-bpw, B Iev]\ cmPy-Øns‚ Hmtcm-cp-Øn°p cmP-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ sN√p-hm≥ apd-h-cp-
F√m-`m-K-ß-fnepw hnfw-_cw sNøp-IbpwthW-sa∂v tºmƒ, Na-b-am-bn, F∂p-h-®m¬ BS-bm-`-c-W-߃,
saaq-Jm≥ \n¿tZ-in-®p. taZy-cp-tSbpw ]m¿ky-cp-tSbpw F¥p-th-W-sa-¶nepw Ah¿°v Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-am-bn-cp-∂p.
\nbaw am‰n-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-sW∂v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp∂ hnZym- Hcpcm{Xn cmPm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w Nne-h-gn-®-tijw, cmPmhv
∑m¿, hÿn ho≠pw A[n-Im-cØ - n¬ h∂v Xßsf in£n- t]cp-sNm√n Ahsf Bh-iy-s∏-SØ - °- h- Æw cmPm-hns\
°p-I-bn-s√∂v Dd-∏p-f-f-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw AØcw Kpcp-X-c- {]km-Zn-∏n-∏m≥ Ahƒ°p Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬, ]n∂o-sSm-
amb Hcp \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°p-hm-\p-ff \n¿t±iw apt∂m- cn-°epw Ah-t\mSpIqsS Bbn-cn-∏m≥ Ahƒ°v Ign-
´p-h-®-Xv. Ibn√.
 Ftÿ¿ 2,3 509

{InkvXym-\nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Xs‚ Pohn- ™n-´n-√, F∂m¬ AXn-t\m-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ cmPm-hn\p

X-Im-e-b-fhv `c-W-Im-e-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-ff Hcp ]cn-io-e- ]n∂n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Icw kmØm-t‚-Xm-sW∂v XpS¿∂p-
\-Im-e-am-Wv. Id, Npfp°w apX-em-b-h-sbm-∂p-an-√mØ ff Ncn{Xw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Aam-teIy cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS
k`sb X\n-°mbn tN¿°p-hm≥ I¿Ømhp thKw hcpw ]n≥Km-an-bmb Hcp BKm-Ky-\m-bn-cp∂p lmam≥ (B-KmKv
(F-t^.5:27) F∂Xv Hcp cmP-Iob kw⁄-bm-bn-cp-∂p). Aam-te-Iy-
cp-ambn km¿∆-Im-en-I-amb Hcp bp≤w {]Jym-]n-®n-cn-
2:15-˛18:˛ tlKm-bn-bqsS D]-tZ-i-a-\p-k-cn®v _mlym-
°p∂p btlm-h. (]p-d.17:8˛16). B bp≤-Ønse tcJ-
e-¶m-c-Øn-\p-th≠n Nne-h-gn-°p-hm≥ Ftÿ¿ A[n-I-
s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Ah-km-\-t]m-cm´w Ftÿ-dns‚
sam∂pw Bh-iy-s∏-´n-√. Hcp-]t£, Xs‚ kzm`m-hn-I-
]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂p (1- iap.15:32; 30:1-˛10; 1 Zn\.
ku-µcy-Øn-emWv Ahƒ IqSp-X¬ at\m-lc - n-bm-bn-cn°p-
4:43 F∂n-hbpw t\m°p-I).
∂-sX∂v Ah≥ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°mw. F¥m-bn-cp-∂mepw
cmPmhv Ftÿ-dns\ kI-e-kv{Xo-I-sf-°mfpw A[nIw 3:2˛6:˛ cmPmhv Ign-™m¬ c≠m-a-s\∂ \ne-bn¬
kvt\ln-®p, Aßs\ Ahsf Xs‚ cm⁄n-bmbn Xnc- F√m-hcpw lmams\ Ipºn-SW-sa-∂p-ff Hcp HutZym-KnI
s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw, Ahsf BZ-cn-°p-∂X - n-t\m-Sp-ff _‘- I¬∏\ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ tIhew Hcp-a-
Øn¬ hen-sbmcp hncp-s∂m-cp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A∂v \p-jy-s\, {]tXy-In®pw Hcp Aam-te-Iys\ Ipºn-Sp-hm≥
kwÿm-\Øv Xm≥ Iev]n® hntam-N-\-Øn¬ Hcp- s]m- tam¿s±-Jmbn Iq´m-°n-bn-√. ssZh-`bw a\p-jy-kw-_-‘-
Xp-am-t∏m, As√-¶n¬ Icw HSp-°p-∂Xp Dt]-£n-°tem amb GXp-`-b-tØbpw AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂p. A[n-Im-c-Øn-
BImw Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂Xv; As√-¶n¬ AXv shdp-samcp cn-°p-∂h - sc DNn-Xa- mb \ne-bn¬ BZ-cn-°p-∂Xp tamsi-
Ah[n Znh-k-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. Ch-Iq-SmsX Xs‚ kº- bpsS \ymb-{]-amWw hne-°n-bn-´n-√, F∂m¬ ssZh-sØ-
Øn-s\m-Ø-hÆw kΩm-\-ßfpw sImSp-Øp. b-√m-sX- a-‰m-sc-sb-¶nepw \a-kv°-cn-°p-∂Xp AXp hne-
2:19-˛23:˛ cmPm-hns‚ A¥x-]p-c-Øn-te-°p-th-≠n-bm- °n-bn-´p-≠v. ]m›mXy cmPm-°-∑m¿ ]e-t∏mgpw AØ-c-
bn-cn°mw c≠mw {]mhiyw I\y-I-amsc tiJ-cn-®-Xv. Øn-ep-ff \a-kv°-cn-°¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ Cu
At∏mgpw Ftÿ¿ Xs‚ Ipehpw PmXnbpw cl-ky- \ntj-[-{]-IS\w lmams‚ {i≤-bn¬s]SpØn Ahs‚
ambn kq£n-®p. ka-c-X-{¥-]-c-am-bn, tam¿s±-Jmbn cmPm- {]oXn kºm-Zn-°p-hm≥ tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS kl-{]-h¿Ø-
hns‚ hmXn¬ Imh¬°m-c\ - mbpw tkh-\a
- \
- p-jvTn-®p-t]m- I¿ Xm¬]-cy-s∏-´p. lmam≥ hfsc kzm¿∞-\m-bn-cp-∂p,
∂p. Al-iz-tciv cmPm-hns\ NXn-®p-sIm-√p-hm-\p-ff Hcp tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS kv]jvS-amb Cu A\m-Z-chv Ahs\
KqVm-tem-N-\-sb-Ip-dn®v tam¿s±-Jmbn cl-ky-Øn-e-dn- tIm]n-∏n-®p. tam¿s±-Jm-bnsb am{Xw in£n-°p-∂-Xn\p
™Xv Cu ka-bØ - m-bn-cp-∂p. Xm\Xv Ftÿ-dns\ Adn- ]I-cw, cmPy-Øp-ff kIe blq-Z-∑m-tcbpw D∑q-e\w
bn-°p-I-bpw, Ah-fXv cmPm-hns‚ {i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Øp- sNøp-hm-\p-ff Hcp ]≤-Xn-Xm≥ cq]o-I-cn®p!
Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ B KqVm-tem-N-\-°msc ]nSn- 3:7-˛11:˛ B Iq´-s°m-e-bv°p-ff XoøXn \n›-bn-°p-
Iq-Sn, hnNm-c-W-sNbvXp Xq°n-te-‰n. hm≥th≠n No´n-´p-t\m-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p lmams‚ BZy-
Cu kw`hw {Ia-{]-Imcw cmPm-hns‚ HutZym-KnIZn\- \-S-]-Sn. {]I-S-am-b- Hcp bmZr-—n-IXzw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Hcp
hr-Øm¥ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´p. AXn-\p- h¿j-tØmfw AI∂ Hcp Xnø-Xn-bmWv X\n°p e`n-®-
ff {]Xn-^ew tam¿s±-Jm-bn°v DS-\Sn e`n-®n-√. X\n°v Xv. Btcm Hcmƒ ]d- ™ n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X p- t ]m- s e,
ImØn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Xo¿®- “A‘hnizmkw t]mepw ssZhnI cY-N{- I-ßf - n¬ _‘n-
bmbpw AXp X\n°p e`n-°p-hm-\p-ffXmWv. \√ Ncn-{X- ∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p”. lmams‚ ]≤Xn hn^-e-am-°-s∏-Sp-
߃ ssZhw kq£n-°p-∂p-≠v. ]pcm-X\ {Ko°p Ncn-{X- hm≥ Bh-iy-ambkabw A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠v ssZhw
Im-c-\mb sltdm-tUm-´Uv ]d-bp-∂-Xv, A°m-eØv AXp Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. “No´paSn-bn¬ CSp-∂p, AXns‚
]m¿ky-bn¬ cmPy-t{Zm-l-°p‰w sNøp-∂-h¿°pw a’-cn- hn[m-\tam btlm-h-bm-et{X” (kZr.16:33). XpS¿∂v,
Iƒ°p-ap-ff {]mam-WnI in£-bm-bn-cp∂p Xq°n-s°m- blq-Z-∑m¿ cmPy-Øn\p Hcp A]-I-S-`o-j-Wn-bm-sW-∂p-
√¬.(8) ff t£m`n-∏n-°p∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bp-ambn lmam≥ cmPm-
hns\ kao-]n-®p. Ah-cpsS hwi-\miw I¬∏n-®p-sIm-
III. blq-Z-∑msc \mam-h-ti-j-am-°p-hm-\p- ≠p-ff Hcp DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ cmPm-hn-
ff ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.3,4) t\m-S-`y¿∞n-®p. taZy-cp-tSbpw ]m¿ky-cp-tSbpw \nb-a-a-
\p-k-cn®v Hcn-°¬ {]kn≤w sNbvX I¬∏\ ]n≥h-en-
A. cmPm- h p- a m- b p- f f lmams‚ kw`m- j Ww °p-hm-t\m, AXn¬ am‰w hcp-Øp-hmt\m ]mSn-√. Hcp-
(A.3) t{]m¬km-l-\-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬, {Kokn¬ cmPm-hn-\p-≠mb
3:1:˛ 2,3 A≤ym-b-߃°n-S-bn-ep-ff A©p-kw-h-’-c- \jvSwsIm≠v Ct∏mƒ ISw-tIdn iq\y-am-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-
Im-esØ Hcp CS-th-fs - b-bmWv ChnsS “A\-¥cw” F∂ ∂, cmP-`-WvUm-c-Øn-te°v ]Xn-\m-bncwXmeØpshf-fn-
hm°v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. Ftÿ-dns‚ IØnse {][m-\- bpw lmam≥ hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. Aßs\ \n¿tZm-jn-I-
I-Ym-]m-{X-ßf - n¬ Ah-km-\s- Ø-bm-fmb lsΩ-Zm-Yb
- psS fmb Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p ]pcp-j-∑m-tcbpw kv{XoI-tfbpw
aI≥ lmam≥ 1˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ cwK-{]-thiw sNøp-∂p. Ip™p-ß-tfbpw lmams‚ Al-¶m-c-bm-K-]o-T-Øn¬
Ah\p ÿm\-°-b‰w e`n-®-Xns‚ ImcWw ChnsS ]d- Ipcp-Xn-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ hn[n-®p-sIm-≠v, B a-cW
- - {]-amWw
510 Ftÿ¿ 3,4
Al-iz-tciv Xs‚ cmP-tam-Xncw sIm≠p ap{Z-bn-´p. acn- ]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
®-h-cn¬\n∂pw I≠p-sI-´p∂ ]Ww lmam-\p-f-f-Xm-sW-
4:10-˛12:˛ hnfn-°-s∏-SmsX cmPm-hns‚bSp-°¬ sN√p-
∂mhmw 11-˛mw hmIy-Øns‚ A¿∞w.
∂-h≥, Poh-t\m-Sn-cn-°-Ø-°-hÆw cmPmhp s]m≥sN-
3:12-˛15:˛ ]{¥≠mw amkw ]Xn-aq-∂mw- XnøXn B t¶m¬ Abm-fpsS t\sc \o´m-™m¬ Abmsf sIm√-
ss]im- N nI IrXy- Ø n- \ mbn \o°n- h - ® psIm≠v B W-sa∂v Hcp \nb-a-ap-f-fXv Hm¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ftÿ¿
acWimk-\-bpsS ]I¿∏v hn´p-ho-gvN-Iq-SmsX tZi-Øm- tam¿s±-Jm-bn°p adp-]Sn sImSp-Øp. CØ-c-samcp \S-
I-am\w hnX-cWw sNbvXp. sIm´m-cØ- n¬ Al-iz-tcipw ]Sn \ne- h n- e n- c ns° AXp IqSpX¬ A]- I - S - I - c -
lmam\pw Bfl-kw-Xr-]vXn-tbmsS IpSn-°m≥ Ccp-∂p, am°ntb°m-hp∂ as‰mcp sshjayw Ahƒ Nq≠n-°m-
F∂m¬ ]´-W-Øn¬ henb ]cn-{`-a-am-bn-cp∂p At∏mƒ. Wn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ap∏Xp Znh-k-tØ°p cmPmhv
AXp kw_-‘n®v C¿hn-ßv sP≥k≥ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp- Ahsf £Wn-®n-´n-√-sb∂ hkvXpX kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv,
∂-Xv. Hcp-]t£ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ Ahs‚ A{]o-Xn°p
Ahƒ ]m{X-ambn Xo¿∂n-´p-≠mhmw F∂m-Wv.
3˛mw A≤ym-b-Øns‚ Ah-km\ hmIyw A¿∞-h-
Øm-Wv. “iqi≥ ]´-Wtam Ie-ßn-t]m-bn”. blq-Z-∑m¿ 4:13,14:˛ Ftÿ-dns‚ ImcW hnh-c-W-Øn-\p-ff
am{X-a-√, blq-Z-c-√m-Ø-hcpw lnwkm-fl-I-amb Cu tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS adp-]Sn a¿Ω-ÿm-\-tØ-°p-f-f-Xm-bn-
sImSnb tkz—m-[n-]-Xy-am-Xr-I-tbmSv {]Xn-I-cn-®p. Nne- cp∂p: a‰pblq-Z-∑m-sc√mw sIm√-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ cm⁄n-
b-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ P\-amWv Ip‰-°m¿; F∂m¬ Ft∏mgpw bm-sW-¶n¬t]mepw Ahƒ°pw c£-s∏-Sm-\m-hn-√. Ahƒ
Aß-s\-bm-h-W-sa-∂n-√. D∂-Xm-[n-Im-c-ap-ff cmPmhpw Ct∏mƒ {]h¿Øn-°m-sX-bn-cp-∂m¬, Xs‚ P\sØ
Xs‚ {][m-\a - {- ¥n-bp-aS- ß
- p∂ \yq\-]£w sX‰p-sN-øp∂ c£n-∏m≥ ssZhw Bsc-sb-¶nepw Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°pw,
Hcp Ah-ÿ-bm-Wn-hnsS kw⁄m-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]t£ Ahƒ \in-®p-t]m-Ipw. Xs‚ P\sØ c£n-°p-
F∂m¬ kI-e-P-\hpw- ˛ cmPy-ßfpw hy‡n-Ifpw Hcp- hm-\p-ff Hcp Ah-kc- Ø
- n-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cn°mw Hcp-]t£
t]msessZhsa∂ ]c-tam-∂X A[n-Im-csØ IW-°n- Ahƒ knwlm-k-\-ÿ-bm-b-Xv. 14-˛mw hmIy-Ønse Cu
se-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. cmPm-hns‚ Iev]\ hnfw-_cw sNø- hm°p-Iƒ \sΩ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcbpw DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p-∂-
s∏-´n-´p-s≠-¶nepw, cmPm-[n-cm-P-t‚-Xm-bn-cn°pw A¥y-h- XmWv: “Cßs\bp-s≈mcp Ime-Øn-\m-bn-´√ - tbm \o cmP-
N-\w.(9) ÿm-\-Øp- h∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv! B¿°p Adnbmw?”. Ftÿ-
dn-t‚Xpt]mse-bp-ff Hcp ]Z-hn-bn¬ \Ωn¬ ]e¿°pw
B. cm⁄n-bp-am-bp-ff tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS kw`m- Hcn- ° epw Bbn- Ø o- c p- h m≥ Ign- b - b n- √ m- b n- c n°mw,
jWw (A.4) F¶nepw ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-
4:1˛3:-˛ tZi-Øp-S-\ofw B h¿Ø-am\w s]m´n-∏p-d-s∏- bn¬ Hmtcm hnizm-kn°pw AXn-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp ]¶p-
´-t∏mƒ blq-Z-P\w sR´n-t∏m-bn. ZpjvS-X-`-cWw \S-Øp- ≠v.
∂n-SØv Ft∏mgpw ZpxJw am{X-ta-bp-f-fp. tam¿s±-Jmbn 4:15-˛17:˛ Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn-se-Øn-t®¿∂ Ftÿ¿,
hnem-]-hkv{Xw [cn®p ]´-W-Øn-eqsS Ic-™p-sIm≠v aq∂p-Zn-hkw Xt∂m-sSm∏w D]-h-kn-∏m≥ F√m blq-Z-
cmPm-hns‚ ]Sn-hm-Xn¬°-temfw sN∂p. AXn-\∏ - p-dtØ ∑m¿°pw \n¿t±iw sImSp-Øp. AXn-\p-tijw Xm≥ cmP-
X\n°p t]mIp-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√, ImcWw cmP- k∂nbn¬ sN√pw. “-Rm≥ \in-°p-s∂-¶n¬ \in-°s´”
k-∂n-[n-bn¬ c´p hkv{Xw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√. lmams‚ F∂ Ftÿdn-s‚ {]kn≤ kml-knIhm°p-Iƒ kw_-
]I-bv°p-ff {][m-\-tlXp Xm\m-sW∂v tam¿s±-Jm-bn- ‘n-®p-ff amXyq ]qfns‚ A`n-{]mbw t\m°pI:
°- d n- b m- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p, Xs‚ P\sØ ImØn- c n- ° p∂
B \nb-a-Øns‚ hy‡-X-bpw, cmPa\- ns\ Ipdn-®p-ff
Zu¿`mKyw Xs‚ t{]c-W-bm¬ Adn-bmsX Df-hm-b-Xm-
A\n-›n-X-Xzhpw, Fs‚ ap≥Km-an-bmb hÿn-tbmSp Xm≥
Wv. ImWn® \n¿Z-bX - zhpw IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Fs‚ A\¿∞w
4:4˛9:˛ sIm´m-cØ
- nse Xs‚ AXn-cp-hn´p]pd-Øp-t]m- hepXpw kv]jvS-hp-am-Wv, F¶nepw ssZh-tØmSpw Xs‚ P\-
Ip-hm≥ BNm-c-{]-Imcw hne-°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p Ftÿ¿, tØm-Sp-ap-ff Fs‚ ISa Ah-K-Wn-°msX Rm≥ cmPm-hns‚
ASp-°¬ sN√p-Ibpw Fs‚ kpc-£bv°pw hnP-b-Øn\pw
c´p hkv{X-Øn¬ tam¿s±-Jm-bnsb cmPm-hp-I-≠m¬
th≠n ssZhnI Icp-X-en-t∑¬ ZrV-\n-›-b-tØmSpw kt¥m-
Ahs‚ Poh≥Xs∂ \jvS-amIpw F∂-dn-™p-sIm-≠v, j-tØmSpw IqsS Fs∂ G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.(10)
Hcp `rXys‚ ssIhiw Ah-\p-th≠n Ahƒ hkv{X-
߃ sImSp-Øb - ®
- p. F∂m¬ Xs‚ Xo{h-th-Z\ ad-bv°p- {]bmk {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-߃, {]tXy-In®pw
hm≥ tam¿s±-Jmbn Iq´m-°n-bn-√. HSp-hn¬, Ftÿ-dns‚ X’-ab - Øp klm-bØ - n-\p-ff Ir]-{]m-]n-∏m-\mbn Ir]m-
ip{iq-j-bv°mbn {]tXyIw B°n-h-®n-cn-°p∂ lYm°v k-\-tØmSp ASpØp sN√p-hm≥ th≠n AXp-h-cp-
F∂ jWvU≥ Xs‚ hnem]w XpS-cp-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-a- tºmƒ, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS at\m-`mhw hn[n-I¬∏n-X-kn-≤m-
t\z-jn-°p-hm≥ FØn-b-t∏mƒ, tam¿s±-Jmbn hnj-b-ß- ¥-Øn-t‚-Xm-I-cp-Xv, adn®v ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-Øn-t‚-Xm-
sf√mw Ah-t\mSp ]d-™p. iqi-\n¬ ]ckyw sNbvXn- bn-cn-°W- w. \ap°v Bfl-hn-izm-kt- ØmsS \n¿`bw {]th-
cp∂ Xo¿∏ns‚ Hcp ]I¿∏v Xm≥ cm⁄n°p sImSp-Ø- i\w km[y-amWv! ssZh-Øns‚ £a-bpsS sNt¶m¬
b-®-tXm-sSm-∏w, Xs‚ ]Z-hn-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v Xs‚ P\- \ap-°p-th≠n Im¬hdn-hsc \o´-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. “AXp
Øn\p th≠n a≤y-ÿX sNøp-hm≥ Ah-tfm-Sm-⁄m- sIm≠v Icp-W-e-`n-∏m\pw X’-a-bØp klm-b-Øn-\p-
 Ftÿ¿ 5,6 511

ff Ir]-{]m-]n-∏m-\p-ambn \mw ss[cy-tØmsS Ir]m-k- sIm´m-c-Øn\p shfn-bn¬h®v tam¿s±-Jm-bnsb I≠-

\Øn\p ASp-Øp-sN-√pI”. (F{_m. 4:16). t∏mƒ Ahs‚bpf-fn¬ tIm]w-\n-d™p F¶nepw Xm≥
Hcp B{I-a-W-Øn-s\m-cp-ßmsX Xs∂-Øm≥ AS-°n.
IV. blq-Z-∑m-cpsS D∑q-e-\miw hn^-e-am- kvt\ln-X-∑m-scbpw Xs‚ `mcy tksc-in-t\bpw hnfn-
°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.5-˛9) ®p-Iq´n lmam≥ X\n-°p-e-`n® D∂-X-]-Z-hnbpw, Xr]vXn-
I-c-amb Imcy-ßfpw Ah-tcmSp hnh-cn®p ]d-™p. Xs‚
A. Ftÿ-dns‚ hn\o-Xm-`y¿∞-\bpw lmams‚ N{I-hm-f-Øn¬ BsI-bp-ff Hcp Im¿taLw hg-ßn-Ø-
Aa¿jhpw (A.5) cmØ B blq-Z≥ am{X-amWv! At∏mƒ, Fgp-]-Ø©v
5:1-˛3:˛ D]-hmkw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ aq∂mw Znhkw ASn Db-c-ap-ff Hcp Igp-acw D≠m-°n, cmPm-hns‚ A\p-
cmP-hkv{Xw [cn-®p, ss[cyw kw`-cn-®p, hnfn-°msX Al- hmZw taSn®v B tam¿s±-Jm-bnsb AXn-t∑¬ Xq°n-°-
iz-tc-ins‚ apºmsI {]Xy-£-s∏-´p. hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ f-bp-hm≥ Ahs‚ `mcy Ahs\ D]-tZ-in-®p. AXv
Ft¥m-Imcyw kw`-hn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-amWv Xs‚ lmam\p t_m[n®p; Aßs\ Ah≥ Hcp Igp-acw D≠m-
cm⁄n Xs‚ Poh≥ A]-I-S-Øn-em-°n-s°m≠v Xs‚ °n®p.
apºmsIsbØn-cn-°p∂sX∂v a\- n-em-°nb cmPm-hv, B.lmam\p am\-lm-\nbpw tam¿s±-Jm-bn°p
s]m≥ sNt¶m¬ Ftÿ-dns‚ t\sc \o´n, Ahƒ°v
BZ-chpw (A.6)
kpc-£n-X-Xzw hmKvZm-\w-sN-bvXp. IqSmsX Ah-fpsS
At]£ F¥m-bn-cp-∂m-epw, AXp cmPy-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn- 6:1˛3:˛ lmam≥ Dd-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ, B ZpjvS-
tbm- f - a m- b mepw \¬Im- s a∂pw cmPmhv hmKv Z m\w ]-≤Xn hn^-ea - m-°p-hm≥ th≠n ssZhw Al-iz-tc-ins\
sNbvXp. (Im-cWw IqSmsX F¥p-th-W-sa-¶nepw Xm≥ Dd-ßmsX kq£n-®p. \n{Zm-lm-\n-bpsS hnc-k-X-b-I-‰p-
Ahƒ°p \¬Ip-sa∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp kwkmc hm≥ {ian® cmPmhv Xs‚ `c-W-kw-_-‘-amb Zn\-hr-
ssien-bm-WX - v) hnizm-kt- ØmsS A\p--X]n®p X¶te°p Øm¥ ]pkvXIw hmbn-®p-tIƒ∏n-°p-hm≥ `rXy-t\mSv
IS-∂p-hc - p∂ GsXmcp Ahn-izm-kn-°p-t\scbpw {InkvXp Bh-iy-s∏-´p.- ssZ-hn-I-amb “bmZr—n-IXzw” sIm≠v
Xs‚ Ir]-bpsS sNt¶m¬ \o´n-∏n-Sn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ hmbn-®-`m-K-Øv, Xs‚ Poh≥ A]-I-S-Øn-em-
(tbm-l. 6:37b t\m°p-I) hnizm-kn-tbm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ °p-hm≥ {ian®hsc tam¿s±-Jmbn ]nSn-Iq-Snb hnhcw
Xs‚ s]m≥sN-t¶m¬ Ft∏mgpw \o´-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p (F- D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ B tkh-\-Øn\v {]Xn-^-e-sam∂pw
{_m. 10:22 t\m°p-I). \¬In-bn-s√∂v At\z-j-W-Øn¬ hy‡-am-bn.
5:4˛8:˛ cmPm-hn-t\bpw Xs‚ {]nb-a{¥n lmam-t\bpw ChnsS sP.-Pn. s_s√-‰ns‚ A`n-{]mbw {ihn-°p-∂Xv
Ftÿ¿ C{]m-hiyw km[mcWa´n¬ Hcp hncp-∂n\p \√-XmWv:
£Wn-®p. (]p-kvX-I-Ønse \mem-asØ hncp-∂v). hncp-
... kml-Nc
- y-ßf - psS B›-cy-Ic - a
- mb CS-Ie- ¿Ø¬
∂n\nSbn¬ cm⁄n-bpsS Bh-iy-a-dn-bm≥ cmPmhp
Cu Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \ap-°p-Im-Wmw. KqVm-tem-N-\,
ho≠pw {ian-®p. Hcn-°¬IqSn Ftÿ¿ AXp \o´n-h-
KqVm- t em- N - \ - b v°p- f - f n¬ KqVm- t em- N - \ ,
bv°p-Ibpw, ASpØ Znh-ksØ hncp-∂n\v cmPm-hn-t\bpw
“N{I߃°p-ff - n¬ N{I-߃”, kml-Nc - y-ßf
- p-sS-ta¬
lmam-t\bpw £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ Ahƒ
Xqßn-°n-S-°p∂ kml-N-cy-߃ AXn-ep-≠v. B›-
Xs‚ hnjbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Xs‚ Bh-iy-a-dn-bn-°p-
cy-I-c-amb ssZhoI ]≤Xn \S-∏n-em-°p∂Xnt\m-Sp-ff
∂-Xn-\p-apºv Cu c≠p sshI-ep-Iƒ Ftÿ¿ Bkq-
{XWw sNbvX-sX-¥n\p th≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xns\ _‘-Øn¬ Ch-sb√mw H∂n®p krjvSn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-
Ipdn®v hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb A`n-{]m-b-߃ \ne-hn-ep≠v: ∂p.(11)
(1) {]Xy-£-Øn¬ Ahs‚ A{]o-Xn°p ]m{X-am-bn-cn-°p- ]cn-]q¿Æ-\n-b-{¥Ww btlm-h-bpsS Iøn-em-Wv.
∂-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ (4:10-˛12-˛s‚ hymJym\w t\m°p-
6:4˛11:˛ tam¿s±-Jm-bn-sb Xq°n-s°m-√p-hm≥ cmPm-hn-
I) Ahƒ°v cmPm-hns\ ]m´n-em-°p-hm≥ kabw th≠n-
t\m-S-t]-£n-∏m≥ lmam≥ h∂Xv {]`m-X-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂n-
bn-cp∂p; (2) c≠p-{]m-hiyw Ah-fpsS ss[cyw £bn-®p-
cn-°W- w. Akm-[m-cW - s
- a-t∂m-Ww, NXn-b∑
- m-cmb KqVm-
t]m-bn-cp∂p;(3) Ah-fpsS hnjbw tIhew s]s´-∂p-
tem-N\ - °
- m-cn¬ \n∂pw Xs∂ c£n® am\y\v {]Xn-^ew
≠mb Hcm-{K-l-a-√- a-dn®v hfsc {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂p-
\¬Ip-hm-\p-ff {]tNm-Z\w cmPm-hn-\p-≠m-bXv AtX ka-
ff Hcp DtZz-Khpw aXn∏pw cmPm-hn¬ Df-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-
b- Ø m- b n- c p- ∂ p. lmam≥ AIØp {]th- i n- ® - t ∏mƒ,
th-≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p; (4) Xm≥ ZpjvS-\mb Hcp sIme-]m-X-
cmPmhv s]mXp tNmZy-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬ tNmZn®p; “cmPmhp-
I-\m-sW∂ Imcyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv lmams‚
_-lp-am-\n-∏m≥ C—n-°p∂ ]pcp-j\p Fs¥-√m-am-Ip∂p
K¿∆v DuXn ho¿∏n®v Ahs\ AwK- c - £ - I - \ m°n
sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-t°-≠Xv?” Xs‚ t{ijvT \nanjw h∂n-cn-
Db¿Øp-hm≥ Ahƒ B{K-ln-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp-
]t£ Cu Bi-b-ß-fpsSsb√mw LS-I-߃ Ah-fpsS °p-∂p-sh∂p Nn¥n® lmam≥, AXn-hn-]p-e-amb Hcp
X{¥-Øn-epƒs∏-´n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. tLmj-bm-{Xbpw, ]pc-kv°m-c-߃ \¬In _lp-am-\n-°-
epw, tZiØv c≠m-a-\m-°p-∂Xpw \n¿t±-in-®p. IqSmsX
5:9˛14:˛ Al-¶mcw \nd™ lmam≥ hncp-∂p-I-gn™v tLmj-bm{X ]´-W-Øn-eqsS \oßp-tºmƒ, “cmPmhp
B\-µ]- q¿Æ-\mbn ]pd-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. F∂m¬ am¿§-at- [y, _lp-am-\n-∏m≥ C—n-°p∂ ]pcp-j\p Cßs\ sNøpw”
512 Ftÿ¿ 6,7,8
F∂p Ahs‚ apºn¬ hnfn®p ]d-b-W-sa∂p lmam≥ °p-∂-Xm-sW∂v Xm≥ Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂n-√.
A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. thKw sN∂p lmam-\√ adn-®v, blq-Z-
7:7bþ10:˛ ac-W-`-b-Øn¬ lmam≥ Xs‚ Poh-c-£-
\mb tam¿s±-Jm-bn°p Cß-s\-bp-ff ]pc-kv°m-c-ß-
bv°mbn Ftÿ¿ cm⁄n-tbm-S-t]-£n-∏m≥ Ah-fpsS
sfms° \¬In Ahs\ BZ-cn-°p-hm≥ cmPmhp lmam-
apºmsI hoWp-In-S-∂p. apdn-bn-te°p aS-ßn-h∂ cmPmhv
t\mSp ]d™p! Xs‚ G‰hpw henb i{Xp, cmPmhp
_lp-am-\n-∏m≥ C—n-°p∂ ]pcp-j-\m-sW-∂p-hn-fn®p ]d- lmam≥ Xs‚ `mcysb _em¬°mcw sNøp-hm≥ `mhn-
bp-hm≥ th≠n lmam≥ t]mbn. \mi-Øn\p apsº K¿∆- °p-Ib- m-sW∂v AXns\ hymJym-\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ lmams‚
hpw, hogvN-bv°p-apsº D∂-X-`m-hhpw D≠m-Ip∂p (k- hn[n {]Jym-]n-°-s∏´p Ign-™n-cp-∂p. cmPm-hn¬ \n∂p-
Zr.16:18). ff {]I-S-amb Hcp hm°p-Iq-Sm-sX-X-s∂, h[-in-£-bv°p-
ff {]mcw` \S-]-Sn-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ Zmk-∑m¿ h∂p
\ΩpsS Cu ImeØpw cmPmhp _lp-am-\n-∏m≥ C—n- Ahs‚ apJw-aq-Sn. lmam≥ ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ Igp-a-
°p∂ Hcp-h-\p≠v ˛ I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp. F√m c-sØ- Ip-dn®v Ah-cn¬ Hcmƒ cmPm-hn-t\mSp ]d-™p,
apg-¶mepw Ahs‚ apºmsI aSßpw; F√m \mhpw tbip- At∏mƒ B t{Zmlnsb AXn-t∑¬Xs∂ Xq°n-I-f-bp-
{InkvXp I¿Øm-sh∂v ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚ al-Xz- hm≥ cmPmhp I¬∏n-®p. Aßs\ Igp-a-c-Øn¬ tam¿s±-
Øn-\mbn G‰p-]d
- bpw F∂v ssZhw I¬∏n-®n-´p-≠.v (^nen.
Jm-bn-bpsS ÿm\w lmam\p e`n-®p. Ah≥ hnX-®Xp
2:10,11).
Xs∂ sImbvXp. Aßs\ cmPm-hns‚ t{Im[w ian-®p.
6:12-˛14: K¿∆w ian® lmam≥ hnj-Æ-\mbn Xebpw
XmgvØns°m≠v Xs‚ `h-\Ø - n-te°v ]n≥hm-ßn, Akm-
D. tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS ÿm\-°-b-‰hpw blq-Z-
[m-c-W-amb Cu kwK-Xn-I-sfm-t°bpw Ah-sc Adn-bn- ∑m-cpsS hnSp-Xepw (A.8)
®p. A∂p ]I-esØ kw`-h-߃, blq-Z-∑m-cpsS hnP- 8:1,2:˛ lmams‚ `h\w Ftÿ-dn\pw Ahs‚ ]Zhn
b-Øn-t‚bpw lmams‚ tXm¬hn-bp-tSbpw ]q¿∆-e-£-W- tam¿s±-Jm-bn°pw e`n-®p.
ß-fm-sW∂v Ahs‚ `mcybv°pw hnZzm-∑m¿°pw a\- n-
em-bn. F∂m¬ At∏m-tg°pw Ftÿ-dns‚ hncp-∂n\p 8:3˛8:˛ lmam≥ t]msb-¶nepw Ahs‚ \mi-I-c-amb
sN√m≥ ka-b-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v lmam≥ XnSp-°-Øn¬ KqVm-tem-N\ At∏mgpw {]h¿Ø\ \nc-Xa - m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn-
Ahn-tS°p t]mbn. °¬IqSn £Wn- ° - s ∏- S msX Ftÿ¿ cmPm- h ns‚
apºn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏´p; Xs‚ Pohs\ XrW-h¬K-Wn-
C.Ftÿ-dns‚ Ip‰m-tcm]Whpw lmams‚ h[- ®psIm≠v Xs‚ P\-Øn-\p-th≠n IÆo-tcmsS cmPm-hn-
in-£bpw. (A.7) t\m- S - t ]- £ n- ® p. Ir]- b psS s]m≥ sNt¶m¬ Hcn-
°¬IqSn Ahƒ°p-th≠n \o´-s∏-´p. Ah-fpsS At]-
7:1˛4:˛ Cu k¶o¿Æ LS-\-bpsS D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fn-
£-bpsS kmcmw-i-amWv 3˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-
te°v Xncn-bp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ftÿ-dns‚ c≠mw-hn-cp-∂v.
°p-∂Xv; 5,6 hmIy-ß-fn¬ IrXy-amb hm°p-Ifpw \¬In-
AXv lmams‚ `h-\-Øn¬ \n∂m-cw-`n-®v, B cmPy-sØ-
bn-cp-∂p. BZy-I¬∏\ Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂v Ahƒ
bm-I-am\w ]nSn®p Ipep-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. cmPm-hns‚
A`y¿∞n-®p. F∂m¬ \nb-a-\p-k-cn®v ]m¿ky cmPm-°-
B⁄-{]-Imcw HSp-hn¬ Ftÿ¿ Xs‚ At]-£-b-dn-
∑m¿ H∏n´p ap{Z-h® I¬∏\ am‰nIqSm-Ø-Xm-Wv, F∂n-
bn-®p. ac-W-Øn\p hn[n-°-s∏´ Xt‚bpw Xs‚ P\-Øn-
cp-∂mepw, Xm≥ CXn-t\m-SIw Ahƒ°p-th≠n sNbvXXv
t‚bpw Poh- \ p- t h≠n Ahƒ Ah- t \m- S - t ]- £ n- ® p.
Ftÿ-dns\ Hm¿∏n®tijw, BZysØ I¬∏-\sb \nj-
Ahsc tIhew Zmkn-Zm-k-∑m-cmbn hn‰n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬,
^- e - a m- ° p∂ as‰mcp Iev ] - \ - s b- g p- X p- h m≥ cmPmhv
“cmPmhns‚ \jvSØ - n\p X°-{]-Xn-im-¥n-sIm-Sp-∏m≥ Ign-
tam¿s±-Jm-bn°pw Ftÿ-dn\pw A\p-hmZw \¬In.
hn-s√∂p hcn-Inepw” (hm.4b), Ahƒ an≠msX kam-[m-
\-ambn Ccn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah-cpsS Zp¿L-Sm-h- 8:9˛14:˛ cmPm-hns‚ cmb-k-°msc hnfn-∏n-®v, tam¿s±-
ÿ-bpsS Kmw`ocyw Ahsf {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ \n¿_- Jmbn ]d-™p-sIm-SpØ {]Im-cw, Xß-fpsS Poh-c-£-
‘n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bv°p-th≠n s]mcp-Xp-hm-\p-ff A[n-Imcw blq-Z-∑m¿°v
sImSp-ØpsIm≠p-ff Hcp I¬∏\ Fgp-Xn. cmP-Iob Xpc-
7:5-˛7a: Ftÿ-dns‚ P\-Øn-s\-Xnsc C{]-Im-c-ap-ff
K-߃ ]pXnb Iev]-\bpw hln-®p-sIm≠v cmPy-Øns‚
Hcp \oNKqVm-tem-N\ \SØphm≥ Xp\n-™-h-\m-sc∂v
Atß-b‰w hsc hfsc thKw ]m™p. ZpjvSs‚ A[o-
cmPmhv tIm]-tØmsS tNmZn-®p. Cu \nan-jØ- n\p th≠n-
\-X-bn¬ \n∂p-ff hnSp-X¬ ktµiw kmØms‚ km{am-
bm-bn-cp∂p cm⁄n hnth-I-]q¿∆w lmams\ £Wn-®-
Py-Øn-ep-S-\ofw hn´p-ho-gvN-Iq-SmsX F{X-am{Xw thK-
Xv. “Cu ZpjvS-\mb lmam≥ Xt∂”! Ahs‚ apJ-Ø-Sn-
Øn¬ {]Nm-c-s∏-Sp-ØWw!
°pw-a-´n¬ Ahƒ adp-]Sn ]d-™p. lmams‚ bYm¿∞-
kz-`mhw Ct∏m-gmWv ]q¿Æ-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´-Xv. 8:15--˛17:˛ c´p-hkv{Xw Dt]-£n-®v, cmP-Iob {]uVn-bp-
t{Im[m-thiw ]q≠ Hcp ]pf-fn-∏p-en-sb-t∏mse Al-iz- ff hnti-j-hkv{Xw [cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv tam¿s±-Jmbn
tciv DZym-\-Øn-te°v hen™p \S-∂p. `bm-\-I-amb B sIm´mcw hn´-Xv. kw`-hß - ƒ A´n-ad - n-°s
- ∏-´X- d
- n™v, a‰p-
]≤-Xn°v A\p-hmZw \¬In-b-Xnse Xs‚ ]¶v Hm¿Ø- f-f-h¿ Dƒ°S`o-Xn-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ, blq-Z-∑m¿
t∏mƒ Xs‚ a\- m£n Xs∂ Ae-´p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn- B¿Øp kt¥m-jn-®p. blq-Z-∑m-cpsS i{Xp-°-fpsS Iq´-
°Ww. AXv Xs‚ `h-\s - Ø-t]mepw C{X-b[ - nIw _m[n- Øn¬ FÆ-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-t°-≠X - n\v PmXn-If - n¬ ]ecpw Cu
 Ftÿ¿ 9,10 513

ka-bØv blqZhnizmkw kzoI-cn-®p. hrØm-¥-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

Imƒ A¿ta-Unßv Ftÿ-dns\ kw_-‘n-®p-ff Xs‚
E. i{Xp-°-fpsS \mihpw ]pcow s]cp-∂m-fns‚
]pkvXIw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv Xmsg ImWpw hn[-Øn-
Bcw-`hpw (A.9) emWv:
9:1˛5:˛ hn[n-\n¿Æm-b-I-amb B Znhkw ˛ AXm-bXv
Xs‚ ac-WsØ Ipdn-®p-ff hnh-c-W-ß-sfm∂pw
]{¥≠mw amkw ]Xn-aq∂mw XnøXn ˛ hs∂-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ
\ap°p e`y-a√ F∂ hkvXpX hfsc {it≤-b-amWv;
blq-Z-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS ]´-W-ß-fn¬ H∂n-®p-IqSn Ah-
ImcWw an° Bfp-I-fp-tSbpw Ncn{Xw Ah-km-\n-∏n-
cpsS sshcn-Isf \in-∏n-®p. {]`p-°-∑mcpw tZim-[n-]-Xn-
°p-∂Xv GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep-ff Hcp Nc-a-Ip-dn-t∏m-
Ifpw t]mepw blq-Z-∑msc klm-bn-®p. ImcWw A[n-
Imc kw_-‘a - mbn tZiØv c≠m-a\
- m-bn-cn-°p∂ tam¿s±- Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. tam¿s±-Jm-bnsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
Jm-bnsb Ah¿ `b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. AXp Aß- s \- b m- b n- c p- ∂ n- √ . AXp- s Im≠v , Xm≥
\ΩpsS a\- n¬ kZm-Po-hn-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp tXm∂-
9:6˛15:˛ lmams‚ ]Øp ]p{X-∑msc IqSmsX Xe- emWv AXp-f-hm-°p-∂-Xv. “ssZthjvSw sNøp-∂-ht\m
ÿm-\-Øp-Xs∂ A™q-dp-t]¿ sIm√-s∏-´p. AXv cmPm- Ft∂°pw Ccn-°p∂p” (tbml.2:17)(13)
hns\ Adn-bn-®t- ∏mƒ, tZiØv a‰p `mK-ßf - n¬ \S-°p∂
h[hpw CXp-t]mse `b-¶-c-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Xm≥ B{K- 10:3:˛ tam¿s±-Jmbn kzP-\-Øn\p KpW-Imw-jn-bm-bn-
ln-®p. blq-Z-∑m¿°v hntcm-[-ambn \n¬°p∂ kI-e- cp-∂p. kv]¿P≥ {InkvXym\n-I-tfm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬
tcbpw tZiØv \n∂v \nt»jw XpS-®p-am-‰p-hm≥ Hcp Znh- Xs‚ ip{iqj {]bp-‡-am-°p-∂p.
kw-IqSn A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂v Ftÿ¿ cmPm-hn-t\m-S-t]- tam¿s±-Jmbn icn-bmb Hcp cmPy-kvt\-ln-bm-bn-cp-
£n-®p. XXv^e - a
- mbn aq∂q-dp-t]sc IqSn h[n-®p. IqSmsX ∂p. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ Al-iz-tc-ins‚ Iogn-ep-ff
lmams‚ ]p{X-∑msc ]c-ky-ambn Xq°n-s°m-√p-hm\pw D∂-X] - Z- h
- n-bnte°v Ah≥ Db¿Ø-s∏-´t- ∏mƒ, bn{km-
Ahƒ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. tb-ens‚ t{ib v h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm-\mWv Xs‚ D∂-X-
9:16:˛ cmPm-hn‚ kwÿm-\-ß-fn-ep-ff Fgp-]-Ø-øm- ]Zw Xm≥ hn\n-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. al-Xz-Øns‚ knwlm-k-
bncw t]sc blq-Z-∑m¿ sIm∂p-I-f-™p. F∂m¬ Xß- \-Øn-en-cp-∂p-sIm≠v kz¥w Imcyw t\m°msX Xs‚
fpsS i{Xp-°sf Ah¿ Ih¿®-sN-bvXn-√. [\n-I-cm-Ip- P\-Øn-\p-th≠n Xs‚ A[n-Imcw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-
hm-\√ adn®v Xß-sf-Øs∂ c£n-°p-hm≥ am{Xta Ah¿ Øp∂ I¿Øm-hn\p \ng-emWv Cu Imcy-Øn¬ tam¿s±-
B{K-ln-®p-ffq F∂ bmYm¿∞y-amWv AXv shfn-∏-Sp- Jmbn k`-tbm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ F√m hnizm-knbpw
Øp-∂X - v. AXns‚ D∂-Xn-°p-th≠n Xs‚ Ign-h-\p-k-cn®v DZy-
an-°p∂ Hmtcm tam¿s±-Jm-bn-am-cmbn Xo¿∂n-cp-∂p-sh-
9:17-˛28:˛ kwÿm-\-ß-fn-ep-ff blq-Z-∑m¿ B amkw ¶n¬ sImf-fm-bn-cp-∂p. kar-≤nbpw kzm[o-\-hp-ap-ff
]Xn-\memw Xnø-Xnbpw iqi-\n-ep-ff
- h
- ≥ ]Xn-\©mw Xnø- tPmen-I-fn¬ Bbn-cn-°p∂ Nne-cp-≠v. `qan-bnse Ah-
Xnbpw hen-sbmcp hncp-∂p-\-S-Øn. ]pcow-s]-cp-∂m-fns‚ c-psS D∂-X-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ Xß-fpsS I¿Øm-
Bcw-`-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. “]pcow” F∂ t]cv lmam≥ C´ hns\ BZ-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°s´; AXp-t]mse D∂-
]qcv F∂ No´n¬\n∂pw h∂-XmWv (3:7). ]Xn-\mepw X-∑m-cpsS at[y tbip-hns\ km£n-°p-∂h - c
- mbn Xoc-
]Xn-\©pw Xnø-Xn-Iƒ blq-Z-∑msc√mw CXn-t\m-Sp-ff s´. cmPm-[n-cm-P-\p-ambn hf-sc-b-SpØ Hcp Iq´m-bva-
_‘-Øn¬ BN-cn-°-W-sa∂v ]n∂oSv tam¿s±-Jmbn bp-ff a‰p-Nn-e¿ AXn-t\-°mƒ `mKy-hm-∑m-cmWv; ssZh-
I¬∏n-®p. B›-cy-I-c-amb Cu hnSp-Xep kw_-‘n-®p,- P-\-Øn¬ km[p-°-fm-b-h¿°pw, kwi-bm-ep-°ƒ°pw,
hcpw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°p-ap-ff Hcp ⁄m]-I-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬, {]tem-`n-X¿°pw th≠n Zn\w-tXmdpw Ah¿ At]-£n-
]gb D’-h-߃t]mse CXpw B≠p-tXmdpw BN-cn- °-s´.(14)
°-s∏-tS-Ww.
9:29˛32:˛ ]pcow s]cp-∂mƒ BN-cn-°p-hm≥ Npa-X-e-
s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-≠p-ff c≠p Fgp-Øp-Iƒ blq-Z-∑m¿ ENDNOTES
s°√mw Ab-®-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂p ˛ H∂m-a-tØXv 20-
˛mw hmIy-Ønepw, c≠m-a-tØXv 29-˛32 hmIy-ß-fnepw.
32-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ ]pkvXIw 1(Intro) A non-observant jew is one who is part
cmPysØ Zn\-hr-Øm¥ ]pkvX-I-am-bn-cn-°p-hm-\mWv of the jewish ethnic community but dose not prac-
km[yX (2:23; 6:1; 10;2 Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I) tice his religion or try to keep the Mosaic Law
V. tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS Db¿® (A.10) such as the dietary rules and traditions.

10:1,2:˛ tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS Db¿®-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv 2(Intro) Today Persia is called Iran Their language,
Ftÿ-dns‚ ]pkvXIw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv. Al-iz-tc- Farsi(=Persian) is not related to Arabic but uses a
ins‚ t\´-ß-tfm-sSm∏w tam¿s±-Jm-bn-bpsS ÿm\-°- modified Arabic script and many Arabic words from
b-‰hpw taZy-bn-tebpw ]m¿ky-bn-tebpw cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS the Musilim religion and culture.
514

3(Intro) Thinking to “remedy” this situation. Some 7(1:13-20) J. Vernon, McGee, Ruth and Esther:
Jews added many passages (in Greek) to the canonical Women of Faith, pp.232,33
text of Esther. They did not realize that they were 8(2:19-23) Cited by Carl Armerding, Esther For
actually ruining the very message of the book-God Such a Time as This, p.35
working in the shadows for His people, even for those
who chose to live far from His temple in Jerusalem. 9(3:12-15) Irving L. Jensen, Ezral Nehemiah/
These additions will be found in the Apocrypha, and Esther,p.88.
are of a very different character from the Hebrew 10(4:15-17)Mathew Poole, Matthew Poole’s
original. They add a great deal of religious activity Commentary on the Holy Bible, p.913.
along with some almost soap-opera-style content. 11(6:1-3). J. G. Bellett, Witnesses for God in Dark
Jews and Protestants have rightly rejected these and Evil Times: being Studies and Meditations on the
apocryphal additions to God’s Word. Books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther, p.70.
4(Intro) W. Graham Scroggie, Know Your Bible, 12(9:17-28) Purim is the Hebrew plural, meaning.
Vol.1, The Old Testament,p.96 “lots.”
5(Intro) Quoted by Scroggie, Ibid. 13(10:1, 2) Armerding, Esther ,p.128.
6(Intro)Our English names Susan and Susannah 14(10:3)Charles Haddon Spurgeon, Morning and
come from this Hebrew word for lily. Evening, p.667, reading for November28, Evening.
 515

NOTES