Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms.

Kow

Short notes and formulas:

1. Poligon sekata = poligon yang mempunyai panjang sisi yang sama dan sudut perdalaman yang sama.
[ Regular polygon = polygon with sides of equal length and interior angles of equal size. ]

2. Bilangan paksi simetri poligon sekata = bilangan sisi

[ The number of axis of symmetry of a regular polygon = number of sides. ]

3. x = sudut perdalaman [ interior angle ]

y = sudut perluaran [ exterior angle ]

x + y = 180°

4. Hasil tambah semua sudut perdalaman poligon bersisi-n = (n - 2) x 180°

[ Sum of all interior angles of a n-sided polygon = (n - 2) x 180° ]

(n  2)  180 0
5. Setiap sudut perdalaman poligon bersisi-n =
n
(n  2)  180 0
[ Each interior angle of a regular n-sided polygon = ]
n
6. hasil tambah semua sudut perluaran [ Sum of all exterior angles ] = 3600
360 0
7. Bilangan sisi poligon =
exterior angle
360 0
[ Number of side of a polygon = ]
exterior angle
8.
Polygon Bilangan sisi Hasil tambah sudut perdalaman
[ Number of sides ] [ Sum of interior angles ]
Segitiga [ Triangle ] 3 1 x 180°=180°
Segi empat [ Quadrilateral ] 4 2 x 180° = 360°
Pentagon 5 3 x 180° = 540°
Heksagon [ Hexagon ] 6 4 x 180° = 720°
Heptagon 7 5 x 180° = 900°
Oktagon [ Octagon ] 8 6 x 1800 = 1080°
Nonagon 9 7 x 180° = 1260°
Dekagon [ Decagon ] 10 8 x 180° = 1440°
Poligon bersisi-n [ n sides polygon ] n (n - 2) x 180°

Exercise 1
A. Cari nilai x . [ Find the value of x in each of the polygons below. ]
1. 2. 3. 4.

1
 Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
B. Cari nilai x + y . [ Find the value of x + y in each of the polygons below. ]
5. 6. 7. 8.

Answers: (A) 1. 90o 2. 25 o 3. 135 o 4. 110 o (B) 5. 160 o 6. 180 o 7. 144 o 8. 100 o

Exercise 2
3. PQRS ialah sebahagian sebuah poligon sekata.
1. ABG dan DEF adalah garis lurus. [ PQRS is part of a regular polygon. ]
[ ABG and DEF are straight lines. ]

Cari nilai
[ Find the value of ]
(a) x (b) y

Cari [ Find ]
(a) x (b) y

(c) Bilangan sisi poligon sekata ini.

[ Number of sides of the regular polygon. ]

2. Gambar rajah menunjukkan sebuah oktagon 4. ABCDEF ialah sebuah heksagon sekata. DEH
sekata. [ The diagram shows a regular dan BFH garis lurus. EF selari dengan GH.
octagon. ] [ ABCDEF is a regular hexagon. DEH and BFH
are straight lines. EF is parallel to GH. ]
Cari nilai ….
[ Find value of ]
(a) x (b) y (c) z

Cari nilai ….
[ Find the value of ]
(a) x (b) y (c) z

2
Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
5. PTU dan RSL garis lurus. TU = SU. 7. ABCDE ialah sebuah pentagon sekata. ADF
[ PTU and RSL are straight lines. TU = SU. ] dan ACG garis lurus.
[ ABCDE is a regular pentagon. ADF and ACG
are straight lines. ]
Cari [ Find ]
(a) x (b) y (c) z

Cari [ Find ]
(a) x (b) y

6. PQRST ialah sebahagian poligon sekata. PQU

dan TSU ialah garis lurus.
8. PQRST sebuah pentagon sekata. STU dan
[ PQRST is part of a regular polygon. PQU and
RQW garis lurus.
TSU are straight lines. ]
[ PQRST is a regular pentagon. STU and RQW
are straight lines. ]
Cari [ Find ]
(a) x (b) y

Cari [ Find ]
(a) bilangan sisi poligon
[ number of sides of the polygon.]

(b) x (c) y
9. BCDE sebahagian poligon sekata. CDF garis
lurus.
[ BCDE is part of a regular polygon. CDF is a
straight line]

Cari [ Find ]
(a) bilangan sisi poligon
[ number of sides of the polygon ]

3
Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
(b) nilai x [value of x ]

10. Gambar rajah menunjukkan sebuah segi 13. Gambar rajah menunjukkan sebuah pentagon
empat. Cari nilai x dan y. sekata ABCDE. FDC ialah sebuah segi tiga sama
[ The diagram shows a quadrilateral. Find value sisi.
of x and y. ] [ Diagram shows a regular pentagon ABCDE. FDC
is an equilateral triangle.
Cari [ Find ]
(a) x (b) y

11. Cari nilai x dan y.

[ Find the value of x and y.]

14. LMNP ialah sebahagian sebuah poligon sekata.

Cari bilangan sisi poligon sekata ini.
[ LMNP is part of a regular polygon. Find the
number of sides of the regular polygon. ]

12. TSU dan RQV garis lurus.

[ TSU and RQV are straight lines. ]
Cari [ Find ]
(a) x (b) y (c) z

4
Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
15. PQRSTUVW ialah sebuah oktagon sekata. Exercise 3
[ PQRSTUVW is a regular octagon. ] 1.
Cari [ Find ]
(a) x (b) y

Namakan poligon.
[ Name the polygon shown.]

2.

Gambar rajah menunjukkan sebuah poligon

sekata. Cari nilai z.
[ The diagram shows a regular polygon. Find the
value of z. ]
16. TURS ialah sebuah rombus.
[ TURS is a rhombus. ]
Cari [ Find ]
(a) x (b) y

3. PQR, SRT, VUQ garis lurus.

[ PQR, SRT and VUQ are straight lines. ]
Cari nilai x [ Find value of x ].

Answers
Exercise 2
1. (a) 45 o (b) 97 o
2. (a) 67.5o (b) 45o
(c) 22.5o
3. (a) 120 o (b) 30 o (c) 6
4. (a) 120 o (b) 60o (c) 50 o
5. (a)105 o (b)115 o
6. (a)8 (b) 225 o (c) 45 o
7. (a) 36 o (b) 72 o (c) 54 o
8. (a) 108 o (b) 54 o
9. (a) 9 (b) 60 o
10. 96 11. x=120 o, y=60 o
12. (a) 105o (b) 15o (c) 130o
13. (a) 48 o (b) 42 o
14. 10 o 15. (a) 22.5 o (b) 45 o 16. (a) 130 o (b) 139 o

5
Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
4. PQR dan UTS adalah garis lurus. Kira nilai s + t . 7 Sudut perdalaman sebuah poligon sekata
[ PQR and UTS are straight lines. Calculate the ialah 150°. Tentukan bilangan sisi poligon ini.
value of [ The interior angle of a regular polygon is 150°.
s +t . ] Determine the number of sides of the polygon. ]

8. Sebuah poligon bersisi-n. Dua daripada sudut

perluarannya ialah 65° dan 55°. Sudut perluaran
5. PQR garis lurus. Cari nilai m. yang lain ialah 60° setiap satu. Cari bilangan sisi
[ PQR is a straight line. Find the value of m. ] poligon ini.

[ A polygon has n sides. Two of its exterior

angles are 65° and 55°. The rest of its exterior
angles are each 60°. Find the number of sides
of the polygon. ]

9. Gambar rajah terdiri daripada 2 poligon

sekata. Kira nilai x.
[ The diagram consists of two regular polygons.
Calculate the value of x. ]
6. Gambar rajah menunjukkan heksagon ABCDEF.
Cari sudut cakar AFE.
[ The diagram shows a hexagon ABCDEF. Find
the obtuse angle AFE. ]

6
Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
Membina Poligon Sekata
10. PQRS dan TRUV adalah sebahagian daripada [ Construct Regular Polygon ]
2 poligon sekata yang berbeza. Diberi bahawa
QUV garis lurus. Cari  PQU Poligon bersisi-n :
[ Polygon of n-sides ]
[ PQRS and TRUV are parts of two different
regular polygons. Given that QUV is a straight Sudut pusat poligon = 360 0
line, find  PQU ] [ Angle at the center of polygon ]
n

Soalan 1 : Bina sebuah oktagon sekata

ABCDEFGH dengan setiap bucu adalah 3 cm dari
pusat oktagon itu.

Langkah:
1) Tandakan titik pusat
2) lukis bulatan ikut panjang sisi (jejajri) 3 cm
3) lukis 1 sisi, tandakan sebagai A
360 0
4) kira sudut pusat,  450
8
5) guna jangka sudut, tandakan sudut pusat dan
lukis sisi ke-2, B
6) tetapkan bukaan jangka lukis mengikut jarak
AB, tandakan C, D, E, F, G dan H pada lengkok
bulatan.
7) lengkapkan poligon
11.

Question 1: Construct a regular octagon

ABCDEFGH with each angle is 3 cm from the
center of the octagon.

Steps:
1) mark the center point
2) draw a circle with length of side, 3 cm
(radius)
3) draw 1 of the side, mark as A
360 0
4) calculate the angle at the center  450
8
ABCDEF ialah separuh dekagon sekata dengan 5) using a protractor, mark the angle at the
pusat O, manakala FGHIA ialah separuh center and draw the 2nd side, B
oktagon sekata yang juga berpusat di O.
6) fix the opening of a pair of compasses to
Kirakan  DOG, dalam darjah.
follow the length of AB, mark C, D, E, F, G and
H on the arc of the circle
[ ABCDEF is half of a regular decagon with 7) complete the polygon
centre O while FGHIA is half of a regular
octagon with the center O. Calculate  DOG, in Soalan 2: Bina sebuah nonagon sekata
degrees. ] HIJKLMNOP dengan jarak pusat ke bucu 3.5 cm.

[ Question 2: Construct a regular nonagon

HIJKLMNOP with distance between center to
the angle 3.5 cm. ]

7
Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
Soalan 3: Bina sebuah pentagon sekata PQRST
dengan panjang sisi 3.5 cm. b) Segi empat sama dengan panjang sisi 3 cm

Langkah: [ square with 3 cm side. ]

1) Lukis tembereng PQ 3.5 cm
360 0
2) kira sudut pusat,  72 0 6. Bina gabungan bentuk poligon sekata ini
5
dengan menggunakan pembaris dan jangka lukis.
3) kira sudut segi tiga sama kaki
180 0  72 0
=  54 0 [ Draw the combine regular polygons using ruler
2 and drawing compass. ]
4) ukur 540 pada P dan Q, lukis dua sisi segitiga
sama kaki sehingga bertenbung di pusat poligon.
Tandakan sebagai pusat poligon.
5) lukis satu bulatan lengkap dengan jarum pada
pusat poligon, pensil melalui P dan Q
6) tetapkan bukaan jangka lukis mengikut jarak
PQ, tandakan R, S dan T pada lengkok bulatan.
7) lengkapkan poligon

[ Question 3: Construct a regular pentagon Answer

PQRST with length of side 3.5 cm. ] 1. Regular pentagon
2. z = 45o 3. x = 65 o
Steps : 4. 152 o 5. m = 69 o
1) Draw a chord PQ 3.5 cm 6.  AFE = 120 o

7. 12 sides 8. 6 sides
360 0 9. 1170 10. 130° 11. 1170
2) calculate the angle at center,  72 0
5
3) calculate the side angles of equilateral
triangle Objective
1. Poligon yang mana bukan poligon sekata?
180 0  72 0
=  54 0 A. B.
2 [Which
4) measure 540 at P and Q, draw the 2 sides of the
of the equilateral triangle until the 2 lines meet following
at the center of polygon. Mark the intercepting polygons
point as center of polygon is not a C. D.
5) draw a complete circle, where the needle is regular
placed at the center of polygon while the pencil polygon? ]
pass thru P and Q
6) fix the opening of a pair of compasses to
follow the distance of PQ, mark R, S and T on
the arc of the circle.
7) complete the polygon 2. Bilangan paksi simetri oktagon sekata adalah
[ The number of axes of symmetry for a regular
Soalan 4: Bina sebuah heksagon sekata octagon is ]
UVWXYZ dengan panjang sisi 4 cm. A6 B7 C8 D9

[ Question 4: Construct a regular hexagon 3. Poligon di sebelah

UVWXYZ with length of side 4 cm. ] ada berapa paksi
simetri?
5. Bina poligon berikut:
[ Construct the following polygons: ] [ How many axes of symmetry does the above
polygon have? ]
a) Segi tiga sama sisi dengan panjang sisi 5 cm.
A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3
[ Equilateral triangle with side 5 cm. ]

8
Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
4. Jumlah sudut perdalaman sebuah poligon Objective
1. C 2.A 3.D 4.B
adalah 2.5 kali jumlah sudut peluarannya. Cari
5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A
bilangan sisi poligon tersebut. 9.D 10.C 11.A 12.C
13.B 14.A 15.A 16.D
[ The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is 17. D 18.D 19.D 20.C
21.B 22.B 23.D 24.A
2.5 times the sum of its exterior angles. Find
the number of sides of the polygon.
A 5 B 6 C 7 D 8

Exercise 3: Read carefully and choose the

Not put into Module Book best answer for each question.

5.

In the diagram above, ABCDEF is half of a The diagrams show the sides of three different
regular decagon with centre O while FGHIA is polygons. Among the sides labelled I, II and III,
half of a regular octagon with the center O. which can be part of a regular polygon?
Calculate  DOG, in degrees. A I only
A 81 B 117 B II only
C 120 D 126 C I and II only
D II and III only
6.

10. The interior angle of a regular polygon is

twice its exterior angle. Which of the following
statements is true about the polygon?
A The polygon has 7 sides.
B The polygon does not have axis of symmetry.
The diagram consists of two regular polygons.
C The sum of its interior angles is 360°.
Calculate the value of x.
D Its exterior angle is 60°.
A 63° B 72°
C 108° D 117°
11.

7.

PQRS and TRUV are parts of two different

The diagram shows a regular hexagon with regular polygons. Given that QUV is a straight
centre O. The value of x is line,  PQU is
A 36° B 35°
C 30° D 25° A 140° B 130°
C 125° D 115°
8. 12.
9
Maths Form 2 Chap. 4 : Poligon [Polygon] Pusat Tuisyen Ilmu Didik Ms. Kow
C 145° D 158°

17.

PQR and STU are straight lines. The value of x

is

A 78° B 70°
PQR is a straight line. The value of x is
C 68° D 62°
A 55° B 60°
C 70° D 75°
13.

18. The exterior angle of a regular polygon is

72°. Name the polygon
A Pentagon
The value of x + y in the diagram is B Hexagon
A 290° B 300° C Heptagon
C 310° D 320° D Octagon

14. 19.

The diagram above shows part of a regular

The diagram shows a regular polygon. Cari nilai x polygon. Find the number of sides of the polygon.
[ Find value of x ]. A8 B 10
C 12 D 14
A 85° B 80°
C 75° D 60
20.

15. The exterior angles of a pentagon are x°, x°,

2x°, 30° and 50°. Find the smallest interior angle.

A 30° B 40°
C 70° D 140°

16. In the diagram above, ABC and DEF are straight

lines. The value of x is
A 45° B 50°
C 60° D 65°

PQR and RST are straight lines. The value of x is

A 93° B 130°

10