Framework/ Links to refer

Comments
Model
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_05.htm
SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and
Threats, and so a SWOT Analysis is a technique for assessing
these four aspects of your business.

SWOT analysis You can use SWOT Analysis to make the most of what you've
got, to your organization's best advantage. And you can
reduce the chances of failure, by understanding what you're
lacking, and eliminating hazards that would otherwise catch
you unawares.

The 5c's of marketing are a commonly-used situation analysis https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/strategy/

technique used to help marketers make informed business 5c-analysis-marketing/
decisions. The "5 C's" stand for Company, Customers,
5C analysis https://www.volusion.com/blog/situation-analysis-the-5-
Competitors, Collaborators, and Climate. In a nutshell, a 5c
analysis will help you evaluate the most important factors cs/#:~:text=The%205c's%20of%20marketing%20are,important%20f
facing your business actors%20facing%20your%20business.
https://medium.com/seed-digital/how-to-business-model-canvas-
explained-ad3676b6fe4a
The Business Model Canvas (BMC) is a strategic
management tool to quickly and easily define and https://eship.ox.ac.uk/business-model-canvas-explained/
Business Model communicate a business idea or concept.
Canvas It is a one page document which works through the https://diytoolkit.org/tools/business-model-canvas/
fundamental elements of a business or product, structuring an
idea in a coherent way. https://www.alexandercowan.com/business-model-canvas-
templates/

https://www.b2binternational.com/research/methods/faq/what-is-the-
value-proposition-
The Value Proposition Canvas is a tool which can help ensure canvas/#:~:text=The%20Value%20Proposition%20Canvas%20is,be
that a product or service is positioned around what the tween%20the%20product%20and%20market.
customer values and needs.
https://isaacjeffries.com/blog/2018/2/27/how-to-fill-in-a-value-
The Value Proposition Canvas was initially developed by Dr proposition-canvas
Alexander Osterwalder as a framework to ensure that there is
Value
a fit between the product and market. It is a detailed look at https://railsware.com/blog/value-proposition-canvas-a-tool-to-
proposition
the relationship between two parts of the Osterwalder’s understand-your-products-value-from-the-customers-perspective/
Canvas
broader Business Model Canvas; customer segments and
value propositions.

The Value Proposition Canvas can be used when there is

need to refine an existing product or service offering or where
a new offering is being developed from scratch.

https://www.smartdraw.com/ansoff-matrix/

An Ansoff Matrix (sometimes referred to as Ansoff Growth https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_90.htm

Matrix or Ansoff's Matrix) has its roots in a paper written in
1957 by Igor Ansoff. In the paper he proposed that product https://themarketingagenda.com/2015/03/28/coca-cola-ansoff-
Ansoff matrix marketing strategy was a joint work of four growth areas: matrix/
market penetration, market development, product
development, and diversification. When displayed visually,
these four areas create the Ansoff Growth Matrix.

PESTLE https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/pest-pestel-
Analysis of the external environment wrt to your industry
analysis analysis.html
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/VUCA-volatility-uncertainty-
VUCA is an acronym that stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity-and-ambiguity
complexity and ambiguity, a combination of qualities that,
VUCA model
taken together, characterize the nature of some difficult
conditions and situations.
 https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/marketing-
models/use-bcg-matrix/
Also known as the Growth Share Matrix: it has four positions
that a business take during its cycle: a question mark, a star, a
BCG matrix cash cow and a dog. Accordingly strategies of hold, invest, or
sale is taken. This matrix helps the firm in deciding its market
share and posiion in the industry against the competitors.

https://hbr.org/1992/01/the-balanced-scorecard-measures-that-drive-
Balanced This is an HR related/ OB related practice used by the performance-2
scorecard companies to measure the performance
https://balancedscorecard.org/bsc-basics-overview/
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_82.htm

Porter suggested four "generic" business strategies that could https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/porters-generic-

be adopted in order to gain competitive advantage. The strategies-for-competitive-advantage
strategies relate to the extent to which the scope of a business'
activities are narrow versus broad and the extent to which a
business seeks to differentiate its products.
The key strategic challenge for most businesses is to find a
Porter's generic
way of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage over the
strategies
other competing products and firms in a market.

A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors

gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means
of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service
that justifies higher prices

https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/porters-five-
forces.html
This theory is based on the concept that there are five forces
that determine the competitive intensity and attractiveness of a https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm
market. Porter’s five forces help to identify where power lies in
a business situation. This is useful both in understanding the https://www.cgma.org/resources/tools/essential-tools/porters-five-
strength of an organisation’s current competitive position, and forces.html
the strength of a position that an organisation may look to
Porter's 5 forces move into.

Strategic analysts often use Porter’s five forces to understand

whether new products or services are potentially profitable. By
understanding where power lies, the theory can also be used
to identify areas of strength, to improve weaknesses and to
avoid mistakes.

https://www.clearpointstrategy.com/vrio-
The VRIO framework is a strategic analysis tool designed to framework/#:~:text=VRIO%20is%20an%20acronym%20for,that%20
help organizations uncover and protect the resources and adds%20value%20for%20customers%3F
capabilities that give them a long-term competitive advantage.
The framework should be put into play after the creation of a https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/vrio.html
VRIN/VRIO
vision statement, but before the strategic planning process.
Why? The differentiators and advantages you identify will https://managementmania.com/en/vrio-analysis
determine how to approach the marketplace and inform
strategic decisions that shape the fate of your company.

https://upboard.io/value-disciplines-model-online-tools-
templates/#:~:text=The%20Value%20Disciplines%20Model%20was
The Value Disciplines Model was developed by Michael
,Product%20Leadership%2C%20and%20Operational%20Excellenc
Treacy and Fred Wiersema in their book The Discipline of
e.
Market Leaders and suggests that in order to be viable a
Value discipline
business must be successful in three key areas: Customer
approach https://www.executestrategy.net/blog/value-disciplines
Intimacy, Product Leadership, and Operational Excellence. In
addition, if an organization wants to become a market leader, it
https://www.business-to-you.com/value-disciplines-customer-
must excel in one of these areas.
intimacy/
 https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/what-is-stakeholder-theory

The stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational https://www.executestrategy.net/blog/stakeholder-theory

The Stakeholder management and business ethics that accounts for multiple
theory constituencies impacted by business entities like employees,
suppliers, local communities, creditors, and others

https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html#:~:text=Maslow's%2
0hierarchy%20of%20needs%20is,hierarchical%20levels%20within
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in %20a%20pyramid.&text=From%20the%20bottom%20of%20the,est
psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often eem%2C%20and%20self%2Dactualization.
depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.
Maslow's
hierarchy of
Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before
needs
individuals can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of
the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological, safety,
love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

https://en.ryte.com/wiki/AIDA
The AIDA model is an acronym - it stands for attention,
interest, desire and action. It is a model used in marketing that https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/aida-model
AIDA
describes the steps a customer goes through in the process of
purchasing a product. https://www.smartinsights.com/traffic-building-strategy/offer-and-
message-development/aida-model/
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/stp-model.htm
Today, Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) is a
familiar strategic approach in Modern Marketing. It is one of Today, Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) is a familiar
the most commonly applied marketing models in practice. In strategic approach in Modern Marketing. It is one of the most
STP commonly applied marketing models in practice. In our poll asking
our poll asking about the most popular marketing model it is
the second most popular, only beaten by the venerable SWOT about the most popular marketing model it is the second most
/ TOWs matrix. popular, only beaten by the venerable SWOT / TOWs matrix.

https://cobuildlab.com/blog/buyer-persona-and-customer-archetype-
The Customer Archetype is a tool that is designed to have in- for-software-business/
depth knowledge of the final consumer behavior, and the
Customer future interaction that they could have with the software https://www.brafton.com/blog/strategy/customer-archetype/
archetypes solution you will offer.

In this sense, it is easier to meet their expectations

https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/mckinsey-7s-model-
framework.html
McKinsey 7s model is a tool that analyzes firm’s organizational
design by looking at 7 key internal elements: strategy, https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/strategy/
structure, systems, shared values, style, staff and skills, in mckinsey-7s-model/
order to identify if they are effectively aligned and allow
organization to achieve its objectives. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-
corporate-finance/our-insights/enduring-ideas-the-7-s-framework
McKinesy 7S The McKinsey 7-S framework was developed by Tom Peters
model and Robert Waterman at McKinsey & Company. It argues that https://www.cgma.org/resources/tools/cost-transformation-
organisational effectiveness involves more than simply putting model/mckinsey-framework.html
in place the right command and control structure to coordinate
the delivery of an organisation’s strategy. Instead, the
framework maps a constellation of seven interacting factors
that are key to helping people function effectively together, in
order to achieve a high performance organisation.

The product life cycle is an important concept in marketing. It http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/

describes the stages a product goes through from when it was
Product first thought of until it finally is removed from the market. Not https://hbr.org/1965/11/exploit-the-product-life-cycle
lifecycle all products reach this final stage. Some continue to grow and
others rise and fall
 https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/ge-mckinsey-
GE-McKinsey nine-box matrix is a strategy tool that offers a matrix.html
systematic approach for the multi business corporation to
GE-McKinsey prioritize its investments among its business units.[1] https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-
matrix GE-McKinsey is a framework that evaluates business portfolio, corporate-finance/our-insights/enduring-ideas-the-ge-and-mckinsey-
provides further strategic implications and helps to prioritize nine-box-matrix
the investment needed for each business unit (BU
https://www.toolshero.com/strategy/ge-mckinsey-matrix/

https://www.marketing91.com/vals-values-attitude-lifestyle/
VALS segments US adults into eight distinct types—or
http://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/ustypes.shtml
mindsets—using a specific set of psychological traits and key
demographics that drive consumer behavior. The US
https://www.d.umn.edu/~rvaidyan/mktg4731/VALSFramework2002-
Framework, a graphic representation of VALS, illustrates the
VALS 09.pdf
eight types and two critical concepts for understanding
framework
consumers: primary motivation and resources. The
combination of motivations and resources determines how a
person will express himself or herself in the marketplace as a
consumer.

Also called Ishikawa Effect: A model used for Root cause https://www.cms.gov/medicare/provider-enrollment-and-
Fishbone Analysis or 5 Why analysis certification/qapi/downloads/fishbonerevised.pdf
diagram
Useful in risk management frameworks https://asq.org/quality-resources/fishbone
https://www.babson.edu/academics/executive-education/babson-
insight/strategy-and-innovation/building-competitive-advantage-in-
The Pentagon represents the five major customer-facing
retailing/
activities through which retailers can visually differentiate
themselves in the marketplace: place, product, value,
communication and people.
Hexagon- It can be difficult for incumbents to re-evaluate and rejuvenate
Triangle for their positions on the Pentagon, and it is often new players
Retail who invent or develop new sources of competitive advantage
in retailing.
The triangle supports the pentagon in the retailer’s goal to
achieve operational effectiveness through superior systems,
logistics, and supply relationship

https://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/what-is-blue-ocean-strategy/

Blue ocean strategy is the simultaneous pursuit of

differentiation and low cost to open up a new market space
and create new demand. It is about creating and capturing
Blue Ocean uncontested market space, thereby making the competition
irrelevant. It is based on the view that market boundaries and
industry structure are not a given and can be reconstructed by
the actions and beliefs of industry players

https://www.marketing91.com/what-is-cage-framework/
CAGE Framework helps the companies to identify the middle
ground between the one size that fits all and the mass
customization of the extremes that are typically applied to
CAGE most global strategies and efforts towards the product
framework development. It carefully analyzes the cultural, administrative,
geographic, and economic forces and determines how similar
market functions in a distinguished manner in different
countries.
 https://www.iedunote.com/buyer-decision-process
The consumer decision process is composed of problem
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-marketing/chapter/the-
recognition, search, evaluation, and purchase decision. Post-
Customer consumer-decision-process/
purchase behavior is the result of satisfaction or dissatisfaction
Buying Decision that the consumption provides. The buying process starts
Process when the customer identifies a need or problem or when a
need arises. It can be activated through internal or external
stimuli.

https://www.lsu.edu/hss/english/files/university_writing_files/item354
Aristotle taught that a speaker’s ability to persuade an 02.pdf
audience is based on how well the speaker
Aristotle's
appeals to that audience in three different areas: logos, ethos,
rhetorical
and pathos. Considered together, these
triangle
appeals form what later rhetoricians have called the rhetorical
triangle.

Theory of reasoned action looks at relationships between http://www.cios.org/encyclopedia/persuasion/Gtheory_1reasoned.ht

TORA attitudes and behaviour within human action m

Gartner https://www.gartner.com/en/research/methodologies/gartner-hype-
Evaluating new tech and hype cycle
Hype Cycle
TPB Theory of planned behaviour links beliefs to behaviour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_planned_behavior

At the heart of NeedScope is a psychological model that https://kantar.no/globalassets/fra-

summarises universal human emotions. The NeedScope webnodes/ekspertiseomrader/merkevarebygging-og-effektivisering-
model is based on the theory of Archetypes – instinctual av-reklame/andre-artikler/frokostseminar-brand-magnetism-oct-
121016.pdf
Needscope patterns of emotive behaviour which are coomon to
everyone,evrywhere.Using the symbolic language of
archetypes,brands can build strong emotively based
relationships

VUCA model

Digital customer’s communications model

In order to create a digital marketing plan or model, below are the list of frameworks outlined for streamlining the planning and execution of
digital marketing models:
 McKinsey Consumer Decision Journey
McKinsey
The decision-making process is now a circular journey with
Consumer
four phases: initial consideration; active evaluation, or the
Decision
process of researching potential purchases; closure, when
Journey
consumers buy brands; and post-purchase, when consumers
experience them.

The Honeycomb Model

The Honeycomb model is a way of setting out the most
The Honeycomb
important forces behind the social media ecology which, social
Model
media marketers, users and platforms operate within. Here’s
how the blocks look in their honeycomb formation.

Henry Assael
Framework of Henry Assael described buying behavior of consumers on the
Buying basis of consumer involvement and brand differentiation.
behavior:
HIGH customer involvement LOW customer involvement
Significantdiffer Variety – seeking behavior
Complex buying behavior
entiation
Not Significant Dissonance – reducing buying behavior Habitual buying behavior
Differentiation
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_international-business/s12-04-
cage-analysis.html
The CAGE Distance Framework identifies Cultural,
Administrative, Geographic and Economic differences or
distances between countries that companies should address
when crafting international strategies.
CAGE
Framework
CAGE Framework is used by the companies to formulate
strategies before entering international markets. It is used to
understand patterns of trade, capital, information and people
flows.

https://blog.btrax.com/what-should-your-companys-international-
expansion-strategy-be/
AAA Framework offers three generic approaches to global
value creation. AAA stands for: Adaptation -
Localization,responsiveness; Aggregation - Standardization,
Economies .of scale; Arbitrage - Exploiting economic
differences.
AAA Framework
This framework can be used by the companies to
develop/decide the best suitable strategy for creating value
through internaltional expansion.

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_international-business/s14-04-the-
According to this model, a strategy consist of five essential five-elements-of-strategy.html
Hambrick and parts that together should form a unified whole: Arenas,
Fredrickson’s Vehicles, Differentiators, Staging and Economic Logic. For
Strategy each element concrete and deliberate choices have to be
Diamond made on what to do and more importantly what NOT to do.
For companies to achieve a sound and sustainable
B36strategy.
https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/ife-efe-matrix.html
IFE(Internal Factor Evaluation) Matrix and EFE(External
Factor Evaluation) Matrix are the strategy tools used to
IFE Matrix & evaluate firm's internal and external environment by analysing
EFE Matrix Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.
This tool can be used by firm to identify key factors(both
external and internal) affecting the growth of the company.
 The 5Is stand for the level of involvement, interaction,
intimacy, and influence an individual has with a brand over
time. The concept was based on research conducted by
Forrester 5I’s- Forrester where they concluded that the traditional marketing
online funnel was dead and they proposed ‘engagement’ as a new
metric. The 5Is were the answer to a marketing funnel that no
longer worked and the more a user, visitor or customer was
‘engaged’ with the brand, the more successful the outcome for
the brand.
Lauterborn’s 4C

Corporate parenting Fit Matrix is the exploration of a fit

Parenting fit between the resources of the corporate parenting and the https://hbr.org/1995/03/corporate-strategy-the-quest-for-
Matrix strategies of Strategic Business Units (SBUs) therefore as to parenting-advantage
create value to those SBUs.

The resources that provide the basis for corporate advantage

The Resource
range along a continuum—from the highly specialized at one https://hbr.org/1998/05/creating-corporate-advantage
Continuum
end to the very general at the other.

A value chain is a sequential map of all activities within a

Value Chain business or an industry. The framework disaggregates a
business into its 'value' activities- evaluate key value drivers.

The MECE Framework helps you to break problems down into

https://strategyu.co/wtf-is-mece-mutually-exclusive-collectively-
MECE distinct categories, making it easier to assess both the
exhaustive/
problem and the proposed solutions.

A ‘job to be done’ is a problem or opportunity that somebody is

trying to solve - identify jobs to be done by completing the
Jobs to Be Done following statements related to outstanding tasks in your life:
https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/jobs-to-be-done-examples
Framework “Help me…”
“Help me avoid…”
“I need to…”
 https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/strategy-frameworks-and-tools

The value stick framework is a visual representation of a

product’s value based on customers’ willingness to pay for it.
Value Stick
This framework is helpful when formulating a product’s pricing
strategy

https://thethirdway.eu/topic/the-magic-triangle/

clarify the customer segment, value proposition, value chain

Magic Triangle
and profit mechanism for future innovations.

https://timreview.ca/article/807

Value Design Key pillars of a business model design tool for IOT
Tool ecosystems

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282528695_Internet_o
f_Things_Business_Models

Framework design for a business model in the IOT context

“Who” describes collaborating partners, who build the “Value
Network”
IOT Business “Where” describes sources of value co-creation rooted in the
Model layer model of digitized objects
“Why” describes the benefits for partners from collaborating
within the value network, both monetary benefits and non-
monetary benefits
 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-96902-2_4

Ecosystems Ecosystem Innovation vs Ecosystem Value Model in the IOT

Taxonomy context

https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&record
OId=8989400&fileOId=8989404

Corporate Brand
Can be used to define and build a business' brand identity
Identity Matrix

The D or Design block, deals with the question of 

“How?” 
The N or Needs block focuses on players in the 
Business DNA https://muxjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2192-
external environment and deals with the question of 
Model for IOT 1121-1-4
“What?”
The A or Aspirations-block deals with results and 
responds to the question of “Why?”

Compiled partially by and for Sunil Chandran by:

Apoorva Bansal IIM Shillong ( 2018-20)
Soumya Ojha IIM Nagpur ( 2018-20 ) &
Akash Sugunan IIM Nagpur( 2018-20)
Musfera Javed IIM Nagpur (2020-2022)