Analysis Guideline for the RoHS Directive

Ver. 4.0

Analysis Guideline Revision Working Group

Hitachi Group

March 2018
 Contents

1 Objective................................................................................................................. 2

1.1 Main purpose of revision ...........................................................................................2

1.2 Scope of application ...................................................................................................3

2 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 3

3 Outline of the RoHS Directive ............................................................................... 5

3.1 History of existing law and revision.........................................................................5

3.2 Interpretation of homogeneous material .................................................................6

4 Analytical method and basic flow of analysis ....................................................... 7

4.1 Principle of analytical instruments ..........................................................................7

4.2 Flow of analytical procedure ...................................................................................21
4.3 Sampling ..................................................................................................................23

5 Analytical method ................................................................................................ 25

5.1 Screening analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ...................................25

5.2 Cadmium, lead, chrome and their compounds ..................................................27
5.3 Mercury and its compounds ................................................................................31
5.4 Hexavalent chromium and its compounds .........................................................32
5.5 Specific brominated compounds (PBBs and PBDEs) ........................................37
5.6 Phthalic acid esters .............................................................................................. 41

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 Analysis guideline for the RoHS Directive Ver. 4.0

1 Objective
1.1 Main Purpose of Revision
In response to the European RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC) published in January 2003
banning the use of the electric and electronic equipment containing the specific hazardous
substances, the Environment Division (Current the CSR and Environmental Strategy
Division) of Hitachi prepared the first version of this guideline in April, 2004 to indicate to
Hitachi Group companies the analytical method that complies with the RoHS Directive. At
the stage of 2004, there was no official method to check the compliance with the RoHS
Directive. Therefore, individual business divisions and associated companies referred to
this guideline for the analytical method and interpretation and, established the control
system of their own in cooperation with their partners and customers.
Under such situation, IEC contemplated, during 2005 - 2008 in its IEC/TC111/WG3 (Test
Methods), the standardization of the analytical procedures of the specific hazardous
substances contained in the electric and electronic equipment, and produced IEC62321 in
December, 2008 by integrating the results. As the standard of the official method was
established, the analytical guideline of Hitachi group clarified the conformity of IEC62321
in terms of the measurement procedure, and the content of the guideline was expanded to
become useful as operating guidelines by incorporating the basic descriptions of analysis
methods and an introduction to typical practices of the leading divisions, which resulted in
the revision of the guideline as the second version in November 2010.
Later in June 2011, the RoHS Directive in Europe was revised into the Directive
2011/65/EU, with additional category 8 (medical equipment) and category 9 (monitoring
and control equipment), which had previously been out of the scope, now being regulated.
And with the other electrical and electronic equipment not falling under categories 1 to 10
being newly established as category 11, all electrical and electronic equipments are now, as
a rule, within the scope. In addition, preparation and storage of declaration of conformity
for CE markings and technical documents were made obligatory. For restricted substances
subject to the RoHS Directive (hereinafter referred to as "restricted substances"), Directive
(EU) 2015/863, which revises Annex II of Directive 2011/65/EU, was issued in June 2015 to
add four phthalic acid esters as restricted substances. Additions are expected to be made
regularly in the future.
On the other hand, with the revision made in May 2013, it has been decided to issue
IEC62321 as divided into abstract, sampling, screening, detailed analysis method, or as
classified by substance, along with incorporating PAS62596—a sampling guideline. The
analysis methods for restricted substances likely to be added will also be issued.
This guideline is revised in response to the publication of Part 7-2 and Part 8 of IEC62321
in March 2017, which is intended to comply with IEC62321 as well as to supplement the
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technically necessary matters. Therefore, it is expected to utilize this new guideline for
reducing the specific hazardous substances contained in the electronic equipment and to
contribute to the environmental protection and improvement as well as to the health
protection of the users by preventing the contamination due to the specific hazardous
substances.

1.2 Scope of application

This guideline stipulates the analytical method to measure the content of the specific
chemical substances contained in the constituents of the electric and electronic
equipment, and applies to the products and their constituents regulated under the
RoHS Directive.
The content measured by this guideline can be used, for example, for the determination of
the threshold value stipulated in the RoHS Directive.
Note: The international standard corresponding to this guideline and the abbreviations to
show the extent of compliance are indicated below:
IEC62321 Ed. 1.0: 2008 (b), Electrotechnical products — Determination of levels of
six regulated substances (lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium,
polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) (MOD)
The sign to denote the extent of compliance (MOD) shows the correction as per ISO/IEC
Guide 21.

2 Abbreviations

AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
AFS Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
APCI Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BL Below Limit
CCS Calibration Check Standard
CI Chemical Ionization
CRM Certified Reference Material
CV-AAS Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
CV-AFS Cold Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
DecaBDE Decabrominated Diphenyl Ether
DI De-ionized (water)
DIN Deutsches Institut fuer Normung
EDXRF Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
EEE Electrical and Electronic Equipment
EI Electron Ionization
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EN European Norm
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FEP Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Copolymer
FP Fundamental Parameter
FRU Field Replaceable Unit
GC-MS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
GLP Good Laboratory Practice
HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
HPLC-UV High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultra Violet）
HIPS High-Impact Polystyrene
IAMS Ion Attachment Mass Spectrometry
IC Integrated Circuit
IC Ion Chromatography
ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
ICP-OES Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEC/TC111/WG3 (Test Methods)
TC111 is a technical committee for compiling basic environmental and cross-
product standards, technical reports, and other necessary guidelines in close
collaboration with the various technical committees of IEC. WG3 is a
working group that considers how to measure chemicals and other
substances in electrical and electronics equipment.
IS Internal Standard
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
LLOD Low Limits of Detection
LOD Limits of Detection
MDL Method Detection Limit
NMIJ National Metrology Institute of Japan
NMP N-Methylpyrrolidone
OctaBB Octabromo Biphenyl
OctaBDE Octabromo Diphenyl Ether
OL Over Limit
PBB Polybrominated Biphenyl
PBDE Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether
PC Polycarbonate
PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl
PCT Polychlorinated Terphenyl
PCN Polychlorinated Naphthalene
PE Polyethylene
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PFA Perfluoro Alkoxy
PFK Perfluoro Kerosene
PFTBA Perfluoro Tributyl Amine
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
PTV Programmable Temperature Vaporization injector
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
Py-TD-GC-MS Thermal Decomposition/Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass
Spectrometry (Equipment)
Note: In this guideline, because measurements are performed without thermal
desorption of analysis samples, the term “Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography
Mass Spectometry (Equipment)” is used across the board.
PWB Printed Wiring Board
QA Quality Assurance
QC Quality Control
SIM Selected Ion Monitoring
TD(G)-AAS Thermal Decomposition - Gold amalgamation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
TD-MS Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry
THF Tetrahydrofuran
WDXRF Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
XRF X-ray Fluorescence

3 Outline of RoHS Directive

3.1 History of exiting law and revision
In Europe, by enforcement of the RoHS Directive promulgated in February 2003 (Directive
2002/95/EC), the restriction on the use of designated hazardous substances included in
electrical and electronic equipments (EEE) came into force in July 2006. Later, the largely
revised version (Directive 2011/65/EU) was promulgated in July 2011 and has been virtually
enforced since January 2013 (the deadline for member countries to establish related
domestic laws).
(The first edition is called RoHS1 and revised one is called RoHS2.)
Electrical and electronics equipments (EEE) to be restricted broadly refers to "equipment
designed for use at rated voltages not exceeding 1,000 V AC and 1,500 V DC" as divided
into 11 total categories, comprising 10 designated product groups (categories 1 to 10) and a
category of all other products (category 11). The restriction under this directive was initially
applied to categories 1 to 7 and 10 (home electronics, communications equipment, lighting
equipment, motor-driven tools, toys, automatic vendors, and other equipment). A later
revision resulted in categories 8 and 9 (medical equipment, monitoring/control equipment,
and other equipment) each being added from 2014 to 2017. In and after July 2019, the
restriction shall apply to category 11 and all electrical and electronics products defined in
this directive as "electrical and electronics equipments (EEE)."
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At the beginning of enforcing the restriction, however, there were six types of regulated
substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls
(PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Then it was decided to add four
phthalic acid esters from July 2019. The authorities are considering placing the restriction
on even more substances.
Also note that this directive allows for the exemption of items that technically cannot be
prohibited. However, whether to continue applying such exemption is regularly deliberated
in Europe, so that along with technical advances, there are cases that are subject to the
regulation newly as a result of the elimination of exemptions.
There are also cases, such as the four phthalic acid esters, where the possibility of
permitting exemption is very low from the first, because such substances must be approved
under the European REACH regulation.
Furthermore, there is movement to apply the similar law that was almost copied from this
directive in foreign countries newly, and the case to deal with a similar regulation is
increasing in the country of not only Europe but also other areas.

3.2 Interpretation of homogeneous material

3.2.1 Definition of denominator and numerator of the mass of contained chemical
substances
3.2.1.1 Definition of denominator for measuring the mass of chemical substances
The denominator should be the mass of homogeneous material (same material), and
please see the table below for the composite materials.

Table 3.1 Definition of denominator of composite materials

Composite materials Definition of denominator
1 Compounds, alloys and mixed Treated as homogeneous material.
metals
2 Paints, adhesives, inks, pastes Material finally formed by the assumed
and other similar raw method of use is treated as
materials homogeneous material.
(Example: The state of paints or
adhesives after drying and hardening)
3 Single- or multi-layers of Each single layer is treated as
paint, printing and plating homogeneous material.
(In the case of the zinc plating with
chromate treatment, each layer of zinc
plating and chromate treatment is
considered as homogeneous material.)

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3.2.1.2 Definition of numerator for measuring the mass of chemical substances

Table 3.2 Definition of numerator of chemical substances

Chemical substances Definition of numerator
1 Metals and metal compounds Mass of metal element
Non-metals and non-metal Mass of relevant chemical substance
2
compounds

4 Analytical method and basic flow of analysis

4.1 Principle of analytical instruments
4.1.1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Figs. 4.2 and 4.4)
X-ray fluorescence spectrometers can measure hazardous elements contained in resins and
metals (cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury, and bromine) with relative ease.
- What is X-ray fluorescence (XRF)?
Irradiating an X-ray (also known as the primary X-ray or characteristic X) into an
atom (element) drives electrons out of the inner shell orbit, thereby producing an
empty orbit, and electrons from the outer shell orbit with a higher energy level begin
falling. At that time the X-ray corresponding to the difference in energy between both
orbits is released. This is called the fluorescent X-ray [a kind of characteristic X-ray].
(Fig. 4.1.)
This fluorescent X-ray has a characteristic value (wavelength and intensity) for each
element, and the method of measuring these values to determine the quality and
quantity of a specific substance (element) is called X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

X-ray fluorescence

Atomic
nucleus

Electron in orbit

Primary X-rays

Fig. 4.1 Generation of X-ray fluorescence

X-ray fluorescence spectrometers come in two categories: Energy Dispersive X-ray

Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF),
depending on differences in the detector and detection method. The size-reducible ED XRF
(Figs. 4.2 and 4.3) is generally used.
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 Sample
Sample

Primary filter
Collimator

Detector
X-ray
X-ray
tube
tube

CCD camera

Hitachi High-Tech Science EA1000VX Fig. 4.3 Conceptual drawing of X-ray

Fig. 4.2 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer fluorescence spectrometer

One way to screen constituent elements efficiently is to take in an image of the measured
portion of the particular sample while conducting fluorescent X-ray analysis and
scanning, and then obtain information about the distribution of elements on the measured
surface. Figs. 4.5 to 4.7 show some of the measurements taken. Surface information
provides details about the distribution of many chemical substances. Comparing that
distribution information with the image obtained allows you to confirm the presence of
any restricted substances. And because this method identifies the part in question, it
facilitates judgment on whether the part can be excluded. Such information is made
available from energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) equipped with element
mapping.

Hitachi High-Tech Science EA6000VX

Fig. 4.4 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer Fig. 4.5 Specimen image
capable of element mapping

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Fig. 4.6 Lead element mapping Fig. 4.7 Bromine element mapping

4.1.2 Atomic absorption spectrometer X-ray tube

CCD camera Sample observation light

path Atomization Section
10 μm X-ray beam
Vacuum Flame method X-ray fluorescence
detector
Furnace method
X-ray fluorescence

Y axis movement of
sample stage X axis movement of
sample stage

Atmosphere

Light source
Detector
Spectral section
Transmitted X-rays Transmitted X-ray
detector Sample

Sample

Fig. 4.8 Principle of atomic absorption spectrometer

The atomic absorption is a phenomenon that shows the narrow absorption spectrum width
inherent to the element when the light is irradiated to the atom.
The Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is a method to make the quantitative
determination of the element in the sample by atomizing the liquid sample with the heat
at high temperature (in most of the cases, in the flame of acetylene and air or in the
electrically heated graphite furnace) and by measuring the atomic absorption spectrum of
the light transmitted from the sample. As this analytical method indicates a high reliability
to some particular elements, it is employed as the official method for the analysis of the
inorganic materials in many fields like the measurement of the regulation value of the
hazardous metal elements contained in the industrial effluents.
Since the spectrum width of the AAS is extremely narrow, it is compulsory to select, as the
light source, the hollow cathode lamp to emit the light length having the absorption
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characteristic to the target element. Therefore, a same number of lamps as the elements to
be measured must be prepared while those lamps must show high selectivity to specific
elements. There is a composite type of hollow cathode lamp that emits the light in the
absorption wavelengths of plural elements.
Changes in the lamp over time and spectral interference between coexistent substances
other than the target elements entering the sample are avoided by background correction.
Sensitivity is higher in the furnace method (Fig. 4.11) based on a graphite furnace than in
the flame method (Fig. 4.10) based on a combustion flame.

Hitachi High-Tech Science ZA3000 Fig. 4.10 Flame method Fig. 4.11 Furnace method
Fig. 4.9 Atomic absorption spectrometer

4.1.3 ICP emission spectrometer (Fig. 4.13)

Ar gas

High-frequency wave coil

Quartz torch Detector
Spectral section

Atomization section
(nebulizer)

Sample
Fig. 4.12 Principle of ICP emission spectrometer

ICP stands for "Inductively Coupled Plasma" and refers to plasma generated by a high-
frequency electromagnetic field. An overview of its mechanism is described below. When
high-frequency current is applied to the high-frequency coil around the quartz plasma torch
tube shown in Fig. 4.12, electromagnetic induction generates a high-frequency
electromagnetic field in the torch tube. This field intensifies the motion of electrons in the
torch tube, and argon gas introduced into the tube collides with the activated electrons and
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ionizes into an argon ion and an electron, thereby generating plasma. Then, the electrons
ionized from the argon similarly ionize other argon gas, thereby causing a chain that
maintains high-temperature plasma generation status in the torch tube. The ICP used as
the light source of the emission spectroscopy is the high temperature plasma source of
doughnut shape that is kept lighted stably by ionizing the argon gas which is led through
the triple-tube structured quartz glass tube wound with the coil around its outer surface.
In ICP optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), the liquid sample is generally fed to the
ICP by sucking it by pump or by natural suction and atomizing it with the nebulizer. The
introduced sample undergoes the thermal decomposition by absorbing the thermal energy
and becomes atomized, excited or ionized for the most part. The light emitted when the
atom and electron of ion returns from the excited state to the ground state is the emission
inherent to the element contained in the sample (Fig. 4.14), and it is separated into
individual wavelengths by the spectral section and detected by the detector.
As the ICP emission spectrometry is characterized by the optical emission of a number of
simultaneously atomized or excited elements in the sample, it can be used, unlike the
atomic absorption method, for analyzing many types of elements at one time or continuously
and for the qualitative analysis purpose. Though this method is inferior to the atomic
absorption of the furnace method in terms of the sensitivity, it is quite useful for a wide
range of application in the qualitative analysis.

Hitachi High-Tech Science PS3500DDII Fig. 4.14 Plasma flame

Fig. 4.13 ICP emission spectrometer

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4.1.4 ICP mass spectrometer (Fig. 4.16)

Mass spectrometric section

High-frequency wave coil
Ar gas

Detector
Quartz torch
Interface Ion lens
section section
Atomization section
(nebulizer) Ion introducing section

Sample

Fig. 4.15 Principle of ICP mass spectrometer

In the ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the liquid sample is fed to the ICP by sucking it
by pump or by natural suction and atomizing it with the nebulizer as in the ICP emission
spectrometry. The introduced sample undergoes thermal decomposition by absorbing the
thermal energy and becomes atomized, excited or ionized for the most part. The element
ion produced in the plasma under atmospheric pressure led to the vacuum chamber through
the minute pores (normally two types consisting of the sample cone and the skimmer cone)
called the interface. The ions converge after passing through the ion lens under vacuum,
get separated in the mass spectroscopy section and enter into the detector.

Hitachi High-Tech Science Spectro MS (manufactured by Spectro)

Fig. 4.16 DCD simultaneous ICP mass spectrometer

The quadruple electrode is widely used as the mass spectroscopy section of the ICP mass
spectroscopy, and double conversion type is chosen for the high performance application.
Double-conversion types come in two types: high-resolution type and multi-element
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simultaneous analysis type. ICP mass spectroscopy can analyze the quality and quantity of
several kinds of elements at a time, and also offers isotope analysis capability and other
excellent features. Highly sensitive, this method has detection limits two or three digits
lower than those of atomic absorption spectrometry (see 4.1.2) and ICP emission
spectrometry (see 4.1.3), and can exhibit its full performance in fields of very small trace
analysis.

4.1.5 Gas chromatograph/Mass spectrometer (Fig. 4.18)

Sample試料注入部
feeder section

Separation
分離用カラム column Ion source Pre-filter
プレフィルタ
イオン源

Ionization
イオン化部 質量分離部
Mass spectrometry Detector
検出器
Carrier
キャリアガス gas section section
(He)
(He)

GC section
GC部 MS section
MS部

Fig. 4.17 Principle of gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer

Gas chromatograph/Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) is an equipment used mainly for the

qualitative and quantitative analysis of the organic compounds.
As shown in Fig. 4.17, the mixed components of the sample are separated at the gas
chromatograph (GC) section, and then the separated components are ionized, and subjected
to mass spectroscopy (MS) to obtain the MS spectrum. In this way, the qualitative analysis
is made for each component and the quantitative analysis is made by measuring the ion
intensity. For the analysis of the brominated flame retardants, the detection is possible up
to the level of ppm to ppb.
a) Sample feeder section
It becomes possible to feed any sample in the state of gas, liquid and solid by the
combination with the various types of pretreatment equipment including the auto-
sampler and the thermal decomposition equipment. Since the feeder section is also
equipped with the functions like the split/splitless and the temperature programming, it
is applicable to wide varieties in combination with the pretreatment equipment.
b) Separation column
As shown in Fig. 4.19, this is roughly divided into packed columns and capillary columns.
Capillary columns chemically combined the fixed phase of polydimethyl siloxane,

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 polyethylene glycol, or other substance with the inside of a capillary tube 0.25 to 0.53 mm
in inner diameter are mainly used. In GC-MS spectroscopy, capillary columns with higher
resolution, smaller inner diameter, longer length, and capable of little-background trace
analysis are commonly used.
c) Ionization section
It is one way to use the Electron Ionization (EI) to ionize the sample molecule by
bombarding the thermal electron released from the heated filament, and another way is
the Chemical Ionization (CI) to ionize the sample molecule by the action of electric charge
exchange between the sample and methane gas ionized in advance by the method like EI.
The EI method is widely used for GC-MS and the technique of the “target material search”
using the data base available in the market is frequently used as the fragment information
of the sample can be readily obtained.
d) Mass spectrometry section
The quadruple (Q) type is most popular which transmits only the target ions by sending
the ions through the 4 pieces of electrodes and applying the high frequency voltage to the
electrodes. Its advantages are low price, high speed scanning and wide range of
quantitative determination.
The Ion Trap (IT) type, which retains the ion in the trap chamber enclosed by the
electrodes and enables to obtain the spectrometry by the selective release of the ion
through the change of the electric potential, has the high resolution and is capable of the
detailed structural analysis based on the MS/MS technique to split the ions and analyze
the fragments thus produced.
There are also other types such as the high- sensitivity, high resolution triple Q type, Time
of Flight (TOF) type and double convergence type.

Hitachi High-Tech Science SCION SQ 456GC Fig. 4.19 Packed column and
(Made by SCION) capillary column
Fig. 4.18 Gas chromatograph/Mass spectrometer

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4.1.6 Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Equipment (Fig. 4.20)

Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry equipment (Py-TD-GC-MS) connects a

heating device (pyrolyzer) to the sample injection part of the GC-MS as a pre-treatment device, which
leads volatilized organic compound to GC-MS by heating a solid sample, and can identify ingredients
and carry out semi-quantitative analysis.

Sampler
Purge valve
O-ring
Screw Cooling fan
Carrier gas

Sample cup holding position

Quartz pyrolysis tube Cooling gas

Ceramic heater
Sample cup falling position
ITF heat retaining part
Heat storage adapter
ITF needle N
GC GC inlet

Separation column

Frontier Laboratories Ltd. Multi-shot Pyrolyzer EGA/PY-3030D

Fig. 4.20 Example of heating equipment (pyrolyzer)

4.1.7 Ion Attachment Mass Spectrometry (Fig. 4.21)

Ion Attachment Mass Spectrometry (IAMS) is an equipment configuration without gas

chromatograph, which is a part separated from Py-TD-GC-MS, and can measure samples
easily without special pretreatment, like the Py-TD-GC-MS, as well as being able to shorten
measurement time remarkably in comparison with the Py-TD-GC-MS.
However, the mass peak of the admixture composition overlaps with the target composition
when an isomer or an admixture composition with the same molecular weight as the target
composition exists in the measurement sample. In order to accurately determine the
quantity of the target composition, it is necessary to take into account the need to subtract
the admixture composition from this peak strength, etc.
IAMS equipment is a kind of mass spectrometer with ion attachment source, consisting of
Li+ attachment reaction chambers having Li+ emitters. Furthermore, it is coupled with a
direct injection probe (DIP) that has a program heating function up to 350 ℃. The heat
desorption sample molecule (M) forms an additive with Li+ (M+Li+) in the reaction
chambers, and these additives are measured by means of a mass spectrometer via selective
ion monitoring.

- 15 -
 Direct Injection Probe (DIP)
Ionizing chamber 50Pa
イオン化ち
Sluice
valve
Front view ゃんば Dry air

viewvvi chamber
ew
Planchet

IR lamp for sample heating

+
Li EI Quadrupole

source source

Side view 源げｎ

view
源 -
e
sourc 0.1 Pa
-4
10 Pa
e
TMP Rotary
pump
Split flow

Source: IEC62321-8:2017 Appendix E

Fig. 4.21 Example of IAMS equipment

4.1.8 Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry (Fig. 4.23)

Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry (TD-MS) is also an equipment configuration
without gas chromatograph, which is a part separated from Py-TD-GC-MS, and can
measure samples easily without special pretreatment, like the Py-TD-GC-MS, as well as
being able to shorten measurement time remarkably in comparison with the Py-TD-GC-MS.
However, the mass peak of the admixture composition overlaps with the target composition
when an isomer or an admixture composition with the same molecular weight as the target
composition exists in the measurement sample. In order to accurately determine the
quantity of the target composition, it is necessary to take into account the need to subtract
the admixture composition from this peak strength, etc.
Like IAMS, the TD-MS equipment configuration consisits of (1) a sample heating part, (2)
an ionization part, and (3) a mass spectrometry part, but unlike IAMS, it adopts the
atmospheric pressure chemical ionization method (APCI) in its ionization part, which
- 16 -
makes it possible to obtain molecular ions with added protons (H+) like the ion adhesion
method.

Fig. 4.22 Equipment component figure of TD-MS

Hitachi High-Tech Science HM1000

Fig. 4.23 Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry

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 4.1.9 Liquid chromatograph (Fig. 4.25)

Petroleum ether
Column oven
Pump Column
Liquid plant extract

Glass tube Coloring matter A Mobile phase Auto-sampler

Coloring matter B
Calcium carbonate Sample
Coloring matter C
Data processing
Detector

Signal intensity
Chromatogram

Separation of coloring matter of plant by chromatography

When the petroleum ether is circulated by adding the Time

liquid extract of the leaf to the upper part of the glass tube
packed with calcium carbonate, the coloring matter
Unit flow diagram
contained in the liquid extract was separated over time.
This phenomenon was nominated as “chromatography”
after the wordings of “chroma (color)” and “graphos
(draw)” by the Russian botanist, Mr. Tswett.

Fig. 4.24 Liquid chromatograph

The chromatography is a technique to separate the components in the sample by using the
column filled with the fine packing materials as shown in Fig. 4.24. It requires the mobile
phase to allow the sample to migrate and the stationary phase (column) to serve as the
place of separation.
A sample is sent from the mobile phase to the stationary phase. The elution speed is slow
when the affinity of the component is high for the stationary phase, and rapid when the
affinity is low. The components in the sample can be separated based on the difference of
the property of individual components against the stationary phase. The components that
eluted from the stationary phase are detected by the detector and recorded as the
chromatogram.
Under certain specified conditions, the same component has the same elution time.
Therefore, by comparing the elution time of the control sample with that of the component
in the sample and if the elution time coincides, the test sample is judged to be the same as
the control. As the concentration of the component is proportional to the area of the peak,
the quantitative determination can be done by preparing the calibration curve using the
control sample.
There are two types of chromatograph. One is the “Gas Chromatograph” to use gas as the
mobile phase (see 4.1.5) and the other is the “Liquid Chromatograph” to use liquid.

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The liquid chromatograph consists of the following modules (Fig. 4.24):
- Pump: Sends the mobile phase. It is important to keep a certain flow rate
without pressure fluctuation.
- Sampler: A sample is fed into the flow
path.
There are options of Manual and
Automatic.
- Column oven: Column is kept at constant
temperature to prevent the elution time
error.
- Detector: Detects the component that
eluted from the column and converts it to
the electric signal.
- Data processing: Receives the detector
Hitachi High-Tech Science Chromaster
signal, performs the quantitative
Fig. 4.25 Liquid chromatograph
calculation and prepares the report.

The “Ion Chromatograph” is a kind of liquid chromatograph used mainly for the separation
of the inorganic ions, and it uses the column packed with the ion exchange resins for the
ion separation and the electric conductivity detector for the detection and the quantitative
determination.

4.1.10 Spectrophotometer (Fig. 4.27)

Fig. 4.26 shows the photometric principle of spectrophotometers. Typical
spectrophotometers incorporate a deuterium discharge lamp (in the ultraviolet region)
and a halogen lamp (in the visible region) as light sources. Either one of these lamps is
used depending on the wavelength applied. In recent years, spectrophotometers based on
xenon flash lamps used as longer-lasting light sources are commercially available. Xenon
flash lamps are advantageous in terms of lasting longer than halogen lamps and
deuterium discharge lamps, and enabling measurement with a single lamp in both the
ultraviolet and visible regions.
The basic principle of measurement is as follows: Light with an applicable wavelength is
spectrally dispersed from a light source into monochrome light with a diffraction grating,
and then enters a sample (with an incident angle intensity of 10). The sample is put into a
cell and installed on the device. The intensity (I) of light transmitted through the sample is
then detected with a photomultiplier tube, silicon photodiode, or other detector.
Spectrophotometers can convert this intensity into a transmittance or absorbance and
display it. In general, transmittance is used in measuring solid samples and absorbance is
used in measuring solution samples. Transmittance (%T) is calculated with Equation 1 by
using IO and I. Equation 2 is known as Bouguer's law or Lambert's law, indicating
- 19 -
absorbance A and sample concentration c.

%T ＝（ I ／ I0 ）× 100 ・・・（Equation 1）
A ＝ log10（ I0 ／ I ） ＝ εc l ・ ・・（Equation 2）

Diffraction
grating

Reference
detector
Reference cell
XeF light Half mirror
source

Sample
detector
Sample cell
Hitachi High-Tech Science
Double-beam spectrophotometer
UH5300
Fig. 4.26 Overview and photometric principle of Fig. 4.27 Spectrophotometer
spectrophotometers

- 20 -
 4.2 Flow of analytical procedure
Fig. 4.28 shows the flow of the analytical procedure to determine the concentration of the
hazardous substances in the electric and electronic equipment.

Sample

No Yes
Is screening
to be done?

No Yes
Is sample
homogeneous?

Mechanical sample Non-destructive

preparation sample preparation

Mechanical sample
preparation

Screening analysis

Detail analysis Failure

OK
Within
allowable limits

Failure OK
Within Yes No
allowable Perform detail
limits
analysis

Sample does not Sample complies Sample does not Sample complies
comply with with Standard comply with with Standard
Standard Standard

Fig. 4.28 Flow chart of analytical procedure

(Source: IEC62321:2008)

- 21 -
According to the procedure of the screening analysis, it is necessary to choose either to
subject the sample to the measurement without changing its condition (Non-destructive
sample preparation) or to the measurement by destroying and homogenizing it (Mechanical
sample preparation). The judgment of which method to use should be made by considering
the material type, size and shape of the sample.
In carrying out the screening analysis, either Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
(EDXRF) or Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) is employed. The
procedure of the screening analysis must be implemented under controlled conditions. It is
necessary to determine the tolerance values for each sample to be analyzed considering the
influence of the sample shape and its material type on the variation of the analysis accuracy.
The details on the analysis procedure are shown in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Outline of details on analysis procedure

Steps Substances Polymers Metals Electronic
components
(PWB/Constituents)
Mechanical Direct Direct Direct
sample measurement measurement measurement
preparation Pulverization Pulverization Pulverization

Chemical Microwave Microwave Microwave

sample decomposition decomposition decomposition
preparation Acid decomposition Acid decomposition Acid decomposition
Dry ashing Solvent extraction
Solvent extraction
Analytical PBB, PBDE GC-MS Not applicable GC-MS
method Cr (VI) Alkali Spot test / hot Alkali
decomposition / water extraction decomposition /
colorimetry colorimetry
Hg CV-AAS, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, CV-AFS

Pb, Cd AAS, ICP-OES, ICP-MS,

(Source: IEC62321:2008)

- 22 -
4.3 Sampling
4.3.1 Sampling procedure
The sampling should be done by referring to IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013.
Before carrying out the sampling, it is necessary, at first, to decide the analysis investigation
policy by collecting the maximum possible information as indicated in “4.4 Strategy relating
to Sampling” of IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013.
Fig. 4.29 shows the general procedure applicable to most of the cases:

Products / components /
assemblies

Purpose of test
Decision of
strategy
Information/
history

Is the present form Yes

of evaluation
possible?

No

Sampling / disassembly
/ decomposition

Evaluation

Is the result Yes

satisfactory for the Completion
purpose?

No

Fig. 4.29 General replication standard for sampling

(Source: IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013)
The information’s to be collected are:
a) The combination of the products / components / assemblies and the practicability of
sampling and analysis at the homogeneous level of the material.
b) Information on restricted materials and allowable values.
c) If exception items exist or not?
d) If the basic information’s exist or not on the items like the table of material list
including the constituents of the product / assemblies / materials?
e) If the declaration of the product material is necessary or not?
f) The evaluation records of the product or its similar product.
- 23 -
 g) Information on the foreign materials existing in the component.
h) The history of the screening analysis.
i) Process control record at the supplier on the constituents and materials.
j) If there is any concern about the history at the supplier on the constituents and
materials.
On the basis of such information, the scope and the frequency of sampling should be
decided.
In regard with the replication standard shown in Fig. 4.29, the following steps should be
taken on a timely basis. It is necessary to conduct the analytical work stepwise and make
an efficient investigation by referring to 5.3 to 5.6 (Reference: “5.3 Partial disassembly” of
IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013).

4.3.2 Consideration items on sampling and disassembly

(Reference: “5.7 Consideration items on sampling and disassembly” of IEC62321-
2/Ed.1:2013)
4.3.2.1 Necessary sample size (see 5.7.2 of IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013)
The minimum sample amount defined in the IEC62321 series is described below:
a) Analysis by XRF
Thickness, in the range of mm (Changes with instrument and shape)
b) Mercury
0.5g (If the lower detection limit is < 5mg/kg)
c) Lead and Cadmium (Simultaneous measurement)
0.5g (If the lower detection limit is < 50mg/kg)
1g (If the lower detection limit is < 5mg/kg)
d) PBB, PBDE
100mg (If the lower detection limit for the same element group is < 100mg/kg)
e) Hexavalent chromium
1) For polymer materials & electronic equipment:
0.1 - 0.15 g (If the lower detection limit is < 15mg/kg)
2) For chromium coated metals:
50cm2 (If the lower detection limit is < 0.02mg/kg)
f) Phthalate esters
0.2 - 0.5mg (in the case of screening analysis)

4.3.2.2 Non-uniform “homogeneous material” (see 5.7.5 of IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013)

Such material cannot be disintegrated mechanically. For the components or
constituents not having the uniform chemical composition, the content control for each
composition is required under the present restriction of the chemical materials
contained in the product. In this case, it is extremely difficult to get the security only by
the analysis and measurement.
- 24 -
 Namely, it becomes necessary to work out a scheme like establishing the control
standard based on the designed values and implementing the control of such standard
values at the factory.

5. Analytical method
5.1 Screening analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
The screening analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry must be performed in
accordance with IEC62321-3-1/Ed.1:2013.
By making the screening analysis by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the
homogeneous material pretreated in some way like the slicing of the sample, the presence
and the approximate quantity of five elements, i.e. Pb, Hg, Cd, total Cr and total Br are
investigated.

a) Scope of application
Polymer materials, metal materials, and ceramic materials
b) Analyzing equipment
- Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF)
- Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF)
c) Pretreatment
Non-destructive approach or destructive approach must be chosen appropriately
depending on the sample.
For example, if the sample surface is plated or coated, the plating or coated layer must
be removed so that the exposed base material can be measured (destructive approach).
d) Analytical method
The optimal conditions depend upon the equipment to be used. Therefore, the analysis
should be performed by setting to the conditions recommended by the equipment
makers or the conditions established by the analysis institutions.
The example conditions recommended for various applications of the X-ray fluorescence
are shown in the table below. (Extracted from IEC62321-3-1/Ed.1:2013)

Table5.1 X-ray fluorescence recommended for various analysis applications

Applicable components Primary recommended line Secondary recommended line
Lead (Pb) L2-M4 (Lβ1) L3-M4,5 (Lα1,2)
Mercury (Hg) L3-M4,5 (Lα1,2) ―
Cadmium (Cd) K-L2,3 (Kα1,2) ―
Chromium (Cr) K-L2,3 (Kα1,2) ―
Bromine (Br) K-L2,3 (Kα1,2) K-M2,3 (Kβ1,3)

In principle, the measurement range for the sample must be entirely covered. Further,
it is desirable that the sample thickness should be 5 mm or more for the polymer
- 25 -
 materials and the light alloys like aluminum and 1 mm or more for the other metals. If
the thickness is less than the value specified above, the plural pieces of sample must be
stacked for the analysis.
The content is calculated by using the calibration curve or the fundamental parameter
(FP) method for the obtained results. (Generally the software of the automatic
calculation is installed in the analytical equipment.)
Then, after estimating the uncertainty of the result, it is compared with the maximum
allowable content of the applicable analysis component of the material.
The table below shows the judgment criteria of screening. (Excerpt from Annex A of
IEC62321-3-1/Ed.1:2013)

Table 5.2 Judgment criteria for screening

Element High polymers Metals Composite materials
Cadmium BL≦（70-3σ ）＜X BL≦（70-3σ ）＜X LOD＜X
（Cd） ＜（130＋3σ ）≦OL ＜（130＋3σ ）≦OL ＜（150＋3σ ）≦OL
Mercury BL≦（700-3σ ）＜X BL≦（700-3σ ）＜X BL≦（500-3σ ）＜X
（Hg） ＜（1300＋3σ ）≦OL ＜（1300＋3σ ）≦OL ＜（1500＋3σ ）≦OL
Lead BL≦（700-3σ ）＜X BL≦（700-3σ ）＜X BL≦（500-3σ ）＜X
（Pb） ＜（1300＋3σ ）≦OL ＜（1300＋3σ ）≦OL ＜（1500＋3σ ）≦OL
Bromine
BL≦（300-3σ ）＜X Not applicable BL≦（250-3σ ）＜X
（Br）
Chrome
BL≦（700-3σ ）＜X BL≦（700-3σ ）＜X BL≦（500-3σ ）＜X
（Cr）
X: Gray zone
BL: Below limit, OL: Over limit
LOD: Limit of detection
Note: 3 represents the repetitive accuracy of an analyzer in the management criteria. Here,
denotes the standard deviation to be applied in measuring the content of a specific
restricted substance near its tolerance level.

[Typical analysis of cadmium in high polymers]

When polyethylene (PE) standard substance (Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation's
cadmium, 100 ppm) is used, 3 of 100 ppm of cadmium in PE was 5 ppm (device EA1000VX,
measurement time of 100 seconds, in 10 measurements).
In that case, samples measuring less than 65 (= 70 - 5) ppm were below limit (BL), while
those exceeding 135 (130 + 5) ppm were over limit (OL). The samples between 65 ppm and
135 ppm are in the gray zone, and ICP or other detailed analysis is required.

[Typical analysis of cadmium in metals]

When brass standard substance GBR6 (NSST's cadmium, 136 ppm) is used, 3 of 136 ppm
- 26 -
of cadmium in brass was 20 ppm (device EA1000VX, measurement time of 100 seconds, in
10 measurements).
In that case, samples measuring less than 50 (= 70 - 20) ppm were below limit (BL), while
those exceeding 150 (= 130 + 20) ppm were over limit (OL). The samples between 50 ppm
and 150 ppm are in the gray zone, and ICP or other detailed analysis is required.

[Typical analysis of cadmium in composite materials]

For samples with 2% antimony (Sb) and no bromine (Br) content (See Annex A, Table A.1.)
The limit of detection (LOD) of Cd in PE is 3 ppm. (Device EA1000VX, measurement time
of 100 seconds, in 10 measurements.)
No definitions are given for "below limit (BL)." The limit of detection (LOD) expected due to
the matrix effect becomes double the LOD of PE. Therefore, set 3 to 10 (5 x 2) ppm. The
samples between 6 ppm and 160 (= 150 + (5 x 2)) ppm are in the gray zone, and ICP or other
detailed analysis is required. Those exceeding 160 ppm are over limit (OL).

5.2 Cadmium, lead, chrome and their compounds

The quantitative analysis should be made in accordance with IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013.
The analysis is performed by dissolving the sample in acid, using its solution for
measurement with ICP-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), ICP-Mass
Spectrometry (ICP-MS) or Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and by determining
quantity with the use of the calibration curve prepared with the control solution. Chrome
in this clause means total chromium and the quantity of hexavalent chromium is
determined in accordance with IEC62321-7/Ed.1:2015 and IEC62321:2008.
Note: It is to be noted that, if lead is pretreated with sulfuric acid, its sulfate salt
precipitation is produced.

5.2.1 Cadmium, lead, chrome and their compounds in the resin

a) Scope of application
The quantitative analysis of cadmium, lead, chrome and their compounds in the
resin
b) Analyzing equipment
1) Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES)
The emission intensity of the target element is measured.
2) Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS)
The mass/electric charge (m/z) and signal intensity of the target element are
measured.
3) Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS)
The absorbance of the target element is measured.
c) Pretreatment
1) Mechanical sample preparation
- 27 -
 The average sample must be collected that represents the site to be measured.
The collected sample is sliced and pulverized to the size suitable for the selected
analysis method in accordance with the procedure of IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013. Then,
an unbiased sample is taken by means of the quartering method or the like.
2) Preparation of the test solution
It should be prepared in accordance with IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013. Please refer to
the IEC standard for the acid to be used as it varies with the co-existing elements
of the sample.
i) Dry ashing method (7.1.2 of IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013)
Nitric acid or sulfuric acid is added to the sample and it is decomposed by heating.
ii) Wet decomposition method (7.1.3 of IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013)
The sample is decomposed by acids like sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric
acid, hydrogen peroxide or phosphoric acid.
This method is not suitable for the quantitative determination of lead as the loss
of lead in the sample may take place due to the formation of lead sulfate.
iii) Method of acid decomposition in closed system (7.1.4 of IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013)
The sample, to which nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide solution is added in the
decomposition container made of the special fluororesin, is subjected to
decomposition by the microwave irradiation. This is also called the microwave
decomposition method.
In any method, if the sample residue exists, it is necessary to separate it by the
use of the centrifuge or the filter. Then, non-presence of the target element must
be confirmed by checking the residue with the appropriate measurement.
As the fluorine series resin sample is resistant to decomposition and its
decomposition temperature is high, the sublimation or the splash of the target
material takes place. So, due to the difficulty to obtain the sufficient accuracy,
the abovementioned methods are not applied to this resin.
d) Analytical method
It should be performed in accordance with IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013.
The calibration curve is prepared by the procedure like calibration curve, internal
standard or standard addition. After the concentration of each material in the
sample solution is measured, the content of each corresponding material in the solid
sample is calculated.

5.2.2 Cadmium, lead and their compounds in the metal materials

a) Scope of application
The quantitative analysis of cadmium, lead and compounds in the metal materials
b) Analyzing equipment
1) Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES)
The emission intensity of the target element is measured.
- 28 -
 2) Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS)
The mass/electric charge (m/z) and signal intensity of the target element are
measured.
3) Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS)
The absorbance of the target element is measured.
c) Pretreatment
1) Mechanical sample preparation
The average sample must be collected that represents the site to be measured.
The collected sample is sliced and pulverized to the size suitable to the selected
analysis method in accordance with the procedure of IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013. Then,
an unbiased sample is taken by means of the quartering method or the like.
2) Preparation of the test solution
It is done in accordance with IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013.
i) Wet decomposition method
The sample is decomposed by acid like sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid,
hydrogen peroxide or phosphoric acid.
ii) Method of acid decomposition in closed system (microwave decomposition method)
The sample, to which acid is added in the decomposition container made of the
special fluororesin, is subjected to decomposition by the microwave irradiation.
If the sample residue exists, non-existence of target element must be confirmed
by checking the residue with the appropriate measurement, or the test solution
must be prepared by dissolving entirely the sample solution already dissolved
in acid by the other dissolving method (for example, decomposition by alkali
melting or microwave decomposition) and adding this solution to the acid
solution.
d) Analytical method
It should be performed in accordance with IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013.
The calibration curve is prepared by the procedure like calibration curve, internal
standard or standard addition. After the concentration of each material in the
sample solution is measured, the content of each corresponding material in the solid
sample is calculated.

- 29 -
5.2.3 Cadmium, lead, chrome and their compounds in glass and ceramics (electronic
equipment)
a) Scope of application
The quantitative analysis of cadmium, lead, chrome and compounds in glass and
ceramics (electronic equipment)
b) Analyzing equipment
1) Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES)
The emission intensity of the target element is measured.
2) Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS)
The mass/electric charge (m/z) and signal intensity of the target element are
measured.
3) Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS)
The absorbance of the target element is measured.
c) Pretreatment
1) Mechanical sample preparation
The average sample must be collected that represents the site to be measured.
The collected sample is sliced and pulverized to the size suitable for the selected
analysis method in accordance with the procedure of IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013 Then,
an unbiased sample is taken by means of the quartering method or the like.
2) Preparation of the test solution
It is done in accordance with IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013.
i) Wet decomposition method
The sample is decomposed by acid like sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid,
hydrogen peroxide or phosphoric acid.
ii) Method of acid decomposition in closed system (microwave decomposition method)
The sample, to which acid is added in the decomposition container made of the
special fluororesin, is subjected to decomposition by the microwave irradiation.
If the sample residue exists, non-presence of target element must be confirmed
by checking the residue with the appropriate measurement, or the test solution
must be prepared by dissolving entirely the sample solution already dissolved
in acid by the other dissolving method (for example, decomposition by alkali
melting or microwave decomposition) and adding this solution to the acid
solution.
d) Analytical method
It should be performed in accordance with IEC62321-5/Ed.1:2013.
The calibration curve is prepared by the procedure like calibration curve, internal
standard or standard addition. After the concentration of each material in the
sample solution is measured, the content of each corresponding material in the solid
sample is calculated.

- 30 -
5.3 Mercury and its compounds
The quantitative analysis should be performed in accordance with IEC62321-4/Ed.1:2013.
The analysis is performed by dissolving the sample in acid, by vaporizing the solution by
heating or by reduction, then by using it for the measurement with ICP-Optical Emission
Spectrometry (ICP-OES), ICP-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) or Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry (AAS) and by determining quantity with the use of the calibration curve
prepared with the control solution. An alternative method of analysis is to quantify the
samples by using Thermal Decomposition - Gold Amalgamation - Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry (TD(G)-AAS), which requires no wet pretreatment and can measure samples
directly.
Note: As mercury is highly volatile, its loss should be prevented by using the reflux
condenser or the microwave heating equipment.
a) Scope of application
The quantitative analysis of mercury contained in the high-molecular materials,
metal materials, and electronic parts.
b) Analyzing equipment
- Heating vaporized or reducing vaporized atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)
- Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
- Thermal Decomposition - Gold Amalgamation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
(TD(G)-AAS)
c) Pretreatment
1) Mechanical sample preparation
The average sample must be collected that represents the site to be measured.
The collected sample is sliced and pulverized to the size suitable for the selected
analysis method in accordance with the procedure of IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013.
Then, an unbiased sample is taken by means of the quartering method or the like.
2) Preparation of the test solution
It is done in accordance with IEC62321-4/Ed.1:2013.
i) Reducing vaporization method (Wet decomposition process)
The sample is decomposed by sulfuric acid, nitric acid or potassium
permanganate using the decomposition flask attached with the reflux condenser.
ii) Method of acid decomposition in closed system (microwave decomposition method)
The sample, to which acid is added, is subjected to decomposition by the
microwave irradiation.
If the sample residue exists, it is necessary to separate it by the use of the
centrifuge or the filter. Then, non-presence of the target element must be
confirmed by checking the residue with the appropriate measurement.
iii) Thermal Decomposition - Gold Amalgamation method
Weighed samples are set directly on the sample boat to generate mercury from
- 31 -
 the sample under predetermined thermal decomposition conditions. Mercury
alone is concentrated as gold amalgam in a special mercury collection pipe, the
obstacle components are removed, and then the reheated and vaporized
mercury is measured using atomic absorption spectrometry.
d) Analytical method
It should be performed in accordance with IEC62321-4/Ed.1:2013.
The calibration curve is prepared by the procedure like calibration curve, internal
standard or standard addition. After the concentration of each material in the
sample solution is measured, the content of each corresponding material in the solid
sample is calculated.

5.4 Hexavalent chromium and its compounds

Regarding hexavalent chromium on the metal surface, qualitative evaluation based on the
amount detected per surface area should be carried out in accordance with IEC62321-7-
1/Ed.1:2015, "Confirmation test of hexavalent chromium in colourless and coloured
anticorrosive film of metal sample" established in 2015.
Also, regarding polymeric materials (polymers) and hexavalent chromium in electronic
equipment, quantitative evaluation should be carried out according to IEC62321-7-
2/Ed.1:2017, “Hexavelent chromium – Determination of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in
polymers and electronics by the colorimetric method” established in 2017.

5.4.1 Confirmation test of hexavalent chromium in colorless and colored anticorrosive film
of metal sample
The confirmation test must be done in accordance with IEC62321-7-1/Ed.1:2015.
a) Scope of application
Confirmation test of hexavalent chromium in the colorless and colored anticorrosive
film of the metal sample
b) Analyzing equipment
Spectrophotometer
c) Pretreatment
1) Washing of surface
The contamination on the sample surface such as foulings, oil film, and
fingerprints must be wiped out by the clean, soft cloth wetted with solvent or
removed by cleaning with the appropriate solvent. But, the forced drying at 35C
or above, or alkali treatment are not permitted. If the sample is coated with the
polymer material, only the polymer material layer must be removed by grinding
with the sandpaper of grit size 800 without removing the anticorrosive membrane.
2) Preparation of test solution (Boiling water extraction method)
The sample with the surface area of 50 ± 5 cm2 is subjected to 50 mL boiling water
extraction for 10 minutes.
- 32 -
 If the surface area of a sample is less than 50 ± 5 cm2, several samples may be used
to obtain a total of 50 cm2, but the total surface area must be at least 25 cm2. (The
quantity of boiled water to be extracted at that time must be 1 mL per 1 cm2.)
It is necessary to take the sufficient precautions in the test using the boiling water
since the sample and the container become high in temperature.
d) Analytical method
Being different from the other specific hazardous substances, the concentration of
hexavalent chromium in the sample solution is not measured by the prepared
calibration curve but its conformity/noncoformity is judged by comparing with the
absorbance of the sample solution of a certain concentration (equivalent to 0.10g/cm2
and 0.13g/cm2) according to Table 5.3.
- Diphenyl carbazide spectrophotometry
The absorbance is measured for the colored sample solution.
If the sample has a complicated shape, the surface area is estimated by size and
shape.
(In the case of the flat head screw, the total estimated surface area of screw head
and screw body is calculated. The text of IEC62321-7-1/Ed.1:2015 shows how to
typically calculate the surface area of a screw.)

- 33 -
 Table 5.3 Evaluation criteria for hexavalent chromium
Concentration of hexavalent Qualitative evaluation results
chromium by absorption
spectrophotometry

＜0.10 μｇ/㎝ 2 or equivalent Regarded as conformity

0.10 ～0.13 μｇ/㎝ 2 or equivalent Pending gray zone.

If possible, measure the sample surface
three more times and evaluate the
average.

0.13 μｇ/㎝ 2＜ or equivalent Regarded as unconformity.

e) Viewpoint to observe the RoHS Directive (Supplementary explanation)

As the restriction of the RoHS Directive, on most of the chemical substances
contained in the product is implemented by the weight ratio on the level of the
homogeneous material, the identical quantitative control is required also for
hexavalent chromium within the colorless or colored anticorrosive membrane in the
metal sample. Therefore, a viewpoint not described in IEC62321-7-1/Ed.1:2015 is
presented below as the supplementary information to ensure the security for the
various regulations.
First, please see the Figure below for the image of the anticorrosive membrane on
the surface of the metal sample. At present, according to the restriction of the
chemical substances contained in the product such as RoHS Directive, it is necessary
to confirm the non-presence of the restricted substance for each of the three layers
shown in the Figure.
Ａ（ｃｍ2）
Surface layer treated with
クロムでの表面処理層
chromium

Ｌ（ｃｍ） Zinc plated layer

亜鉛メッキ層

Base metal layer

ベースの金属層

Fig. 5.1 Image of anticorrosive membrane on metal sample surface

- 34 -
 Among several ideas to verify the non-presence, the following four ideas are
suggested here.
1) To verify non-presence of total chromium
2) Apart from the anticorrosive surface treatment by the use of trivalent chromium, the
non-presence of total chromium is verified, for example, by the X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry for the surface treatment not using chromium or for the genuine metal
material.
3) To estimate total chromium quantity on chromium-treated surface layer as
denominator
If the non-presence cannot be verified by 2) above, then the total chromium quantity
per unit area is determined by dissolving the chromium-treated surface layer in acid.
Regarding this value as the denominator, the security for hexavalent chromium
concentration is ensured by referring to the ratio with the value determined in a) to
b).

Tentative concentration of hexavalent chromium (wt%)

= Hexavalent chromium elution quantity per unit area (g) / Total chromium
quantity per unit area (g)

In this case, it is predicted that the total chromium quantity per unit area (g) is lower
than the weight of the chromium-treated layer. Therefore, if the tentative
concentration of hexavalent chromium (wt%) mentioned here is lower than the
restricted value, the security of the restriction value is sufficiently ensured.

4) To make evaluation by calculating denominator from film thickness and apparent

specific gravity (design value) of chromium-treated surface layer
If the security is not ensured even by 3), the investigation must be made by the
following method.
If the thickness of the chromium-treated surface layer is denoted as L (cm) and the
sample area as A (cm2), the weight of the chromium-treated surface layer W (g) can
be given as shown below:
W = A・L・d
(Where d denotes the apparent specific gravity of the chromium-treated surface
layer (g/cm3).)

Regarding W as the denominator, the security for hexavalent chromium concentration

is ensured by referring to the ratio with the value determined in a) to b).

- 35 -
 Concentration of hexavalent chromium (wt%)
= Hexavalent chromium elution quantity per unit area (g) / W (g)

Where, the design value or the inspection values of L and d should be obtained from
the manufacturer.
In the generally practiced chromium-based anticorrosive surface treatment, the
finished film becomes 0.2 through 0.5 μm in most of the cases. In regard with the
apparent specific gravity, its value is mentioned to be 2 through 5 in general. Since
the true specific gravity is 7.19 (g/cm3), the apparent specific gravity cannot be
greater than this value. For both the film thickness and the specific gravity, it is wise
to request for the information on the design and the inspection values to the
manufacturer that performed the anticorrosive treatment.

5.4.2 Hexavalent chromium in polymer materials (polymers) and electronics

The measurement should be done in accordance with the IEC62321-7-2/Ed.1: 2017.
a) Scope of application
Quantitative determination method on hexavalent chromium in the polymer
materials (polymers) and electronics.
b) Analyzing equipment
Spectrophometer
c) Pretreatment
1) Mechanical sample preparation
The test must be performed by using the equipment and container not containing
the stainless steel. The average sample to represent the site to be measured is
collected and pulverized to the fine powder to pass through the 250 μm sieve.
2) Preparation of test solution
It shall be implemented by any of the following methods.
i) Extraction of Cr(VI) in soluble polymers – ABS (Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene),
PC (Polycarbonate), and PVC (Polyvinylchloride)
Sample shall be dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone, and Cr(VI) is extracted with
an alkaline extracting solution.
Apparatus: General analysis apparatus, and ultrasonic cleaning tank which
can maintain temperature between 80 and 85 C
ii) Extraction of Cr(VI) in insoluble/unknown polymers and electronics-without Sb
Sample shall be decomposed in toluene / alkaline solution between 150 and 160℃.
After that, it is divided into an organic layer (toluene) and an aqueous layer
(alkaline solution), and the aqueous layer shall be kept for Cr(VI) analysis.
Apparatus: General analysis apparatus, and heating equipment or microwave
decomposition apparatus which can maintain temperature of
decomposed solution between 150 and 180 C
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 Note: If it cannot be kept at 150-160℃ in decompsosition in the toluene /
alkaline solution, the measurement result will become too small because
of insufficient decomposition. For complete decomposition, it is
necessary to carry out adequate stirring or mixture, disperse the sample
to the organic layer, and confirm the change in coloration of the organic
layer and aqueous layer.
d) Analytical method
After the preparation of the calibration curve by using the calibration curve method
and the measurement of hexavalent chromium concentration in the sample solution,
the content in the solid sample is calculated.
Diphenyl carbazide absorption photometry
The absorbance of the colored sample solution is measured.
Analytical equipment: Spectrophotometer
e) Spike and recorery test
Because this test method is subject to relatively strong matrix effects, it is necessary
to implement an spike and recovery test. The permissible range of recovery rate shall
be 50 % to 125 %, and if there is deviation, the sample shall be re-analysed
In the case of a recovey rate of between 50 % and 75 %, the result shall be corrected
according to the recovey rate, but if the recovery rate is 75 % to 125 %, it shall not be
corrected.

5.4.3 Other items to be noted

As the description is not complete in some parts in the abovementioned test methods of
IEC62321-7-1/Ed.1:2015 and Attachment C of IEC62321/Ed.1:2008, please also refer to
the following test methods.

- JIS H8625:1993, Appendix 2 (Hot water extraction)

- JIS K0400-65-20:1998 (Diphenyl carbazide absorption photometry)
- EPA 3060A (Hot alkali extraction)
- EPA 7196A (Diphenyl carbazide absorption photometry)

5.5 Specific brominated compounds (PBBs and PBDEs)

5.5.1 Screening analysis of total bromine by combustion - ion chromatography
Screening analysis of total bromine content in polymers and electronic parts shall be
implemented according to IEC62321-3-2/Ed.1:2013. Samples homogenized by cutting off,
pulverization, or otherwise are completely burned up with a combustor, combustion flask,
or similar apparatus. The gas generated is then collected with absorbent. The ion
concentration of bromides in the absorbent is quantified and monitored by ion
chromatography.

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a) Scope of application
Polymers and electronic parts
b) Analyzing equipment
Ion chromatograph
c) Pretreatment
1) Mechanical sample preparation
Sampling should be performed in accordance with IEC62321-2/Ed.1:2013.
Average samples representing the regions to be measured are collected. The
samples collected are cut to sizes suited for the analysis method selected, and
then pulverized. After that, an unbiased sample is taken by means of the
quartering method or the like.
Solid samples are cut to 3 mm x 3 mm or a smaller size with scissors or a similar
tool. Liquid samples are prewashed two or three times with samples for use with
a pipette, and then collected.
2) Combustion treatment of samples
One mg to 100 mg of sample to an accuracy of 0.1 mg is weighed and placed on a
sample boat, and is then burned in accordance with a specified combustion
program. Table 5.4 shows examples of combustion furnace and absorbent
conditions. (Excerpts from IEC62321-3-2/Ed.1:2013, Annex F)

Table 5.4 Combustion furnace and absorbent conditions

Parameter Condition
Combustion furnace temperature 900 - 1100℃
Oxygen gas flow 400 ml/min
Argon gas flow 200 ml/min
Amount of humidifying water 0.01 - 0.04 ml/min
Absorbent amount 10 - 20 ml

After combustion, if any soot, residual sample particles or other traces of

imperfect combustion are seen, the combustion program is repeated until the
sample is completely burned up.
If the sample is flux, solder paste, or other incombustible material, it must be
burned up with tungsten oxide or other combustion improver.
The gas generated during combustion is collected in an absorbent and used as a
measurement solution. (For absorbent, use a water solution or similar solution
containing about 900 mg/kg of hydrogen peroxide.)
Combustion can also be performed by means of an oxygen cylinder combustion
method or oxygen flask combustion method. As a guide, an oxygen cylinder
combustion method can be used for samples containing at least 0.025 g/kg of
bromine, while an oxygen flask combustion method can be used for samples
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 containing at least 0.25 g/kg of bromine. (See IEC62321-3-2 Annex A and
IEC62321-3-2 Annex B.)
d) Analytical method
Ion chromatography is used to measure the concentration of bromide ions. The
calibration curve method or internal standard method is used to prepare a
calibration curve and measure the concentration of bromide ions in the sample
solution, and then calculate their respective concentrations in solid samples. If the
concentration of bromide ions in the sample solution measured exceeds the range of
the calibration curve, it is diluted with ultrapure water to set it within the specified
range, and then measured again.

5.5.2 Specific brominated compounds (PBBs and PBDEs)

The quantitative analysis is done in accordance with IEC62321-6/Ed.1.0:2015.
For the quantitative determination, of PBBs and PBDEs, polymers are separated by
soxhlet extraction and analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-
MS).
a) Scope of application
Quantitative analysis of PBBs and PBDEs in the polymers
b) Analyzing equipment
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS)
The gas chromatograph with its capillary column connected to the mass
spectrometric detector (Electron Ionization, EI) is used for the analysis. The
mass spectrometric detector must be the selective ion monitoring type with the
upper limit of the mass range at 1,000 m/z or more.
c) Pretreatment
The sample is prepared before the extraction by freezing and pulverizing it at the
liquid nitrogen temperature to pass through the 500 μm sieve.
This sample in the weight of 100mg is subjected to extraction by Soxhlet extractor
using the solvent like toluene. The sample is placed into the paper filter in
cylindrical shape and extraction is performed in the solvent in the 60 mL round-
bottom flask for 2 hours or more. It is to be noted that the recovery of the target
analytical component, particularly the PBDE of high molecular weight becomes
lower as the extraction time is shorter.
d) Analytical method
The calibration curve for quantitative analysis is produced by preparing 5 or more
calibration solutions at the concentration of the same interval, and quantitatively
measuring based on the measurement value of peak area. For the standard solution,
homologues and surrogate standards of PBB and PBDE shall be managed in accordance
with IEC62321-6/Ed.1:2015.
e) The fundamental precautions on this analysis are as follows:
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1) In order to lower the blank value, the whole glass apparatus and glass wool are
inactivated for at least 30 minutes at 450C. To prevent the decomposition of
PBDE by UV-rays during extraction and analysis, the glass apparatus made of
the brown-colored glass should be used if possible. Otherwise, the apparatus
must be protected against the light by using the aluminum foil.
2) If the bromine quantity determined by XRF exceeds greatly the range of 0.1%, the
analysis must be conducted by adjusting the sample quantity or it must be
repeated by using the appropriately diluted extraction liquid prior to the
addition of the internal standard.

Source: Hitachi Power Solutions

Fig. 5.2 Soxhlet extractor

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5.6 Phthalic acid esters
Four phthalic acid esters substances shall be covered - DIBP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP - from
among the substances covered by the RoHS directive in accordance with IEC62321-8:2017
“Determination of certain substances in electrotechnical products (phthalates in polymers).”

Table 5.5 Phthalic acid esters covered by RoHS directive

Substance name Abbreviation Chemical name CAS No.

Diisobutyl phthalate DIBP Diisobutyl phthalate 84-69-5
Di-n-butyl phthalate DBP Di-n-butyl phthalate 84-74-2
Butyl benzyl phthalate BBP Butyl benzyl phthalate 85-68-7
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 117-81-7

5.6.1 Screening analysis of phthalic acid esters by Py-TD-GC-MS

a) Scope of application
Polymer materials (polymers) and electronic components
b) Analytical apparatus
Thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrography equipment (Py-TD-GC-
MS)
For pretreatment apparatus, use gas chromatography mass spectrography equipment
with connected heating device (pyrolyzer). Mass detector must enable selective ion
monitoring (SIM) measurement.
c) Pretreatment
Mechanical sample preparation
The average sample representing measurement position shall be collected.
d) Analytical method
The analysis should be performed in accordance with IEC62321 -8 / Ed.1.0b: 2017.
Accurately weigh a sample of approximately 0.5mg and place it into a sample cup using
a 0.01mg sensitivity scale and set in Pyrolyzer. After blank test and sensitivity
confirmation, create one point calibration curve using 1000mg/kg phtalic acid ester
standard sample. After measuring absolute quantity of each component of phthalic acid
ester in sample, calculate semi-quantitative value of each component.

Table 5.6 Example of analytical conditions of phthalic acid esters by Py -TD -GC -MS
Pyrolyzer (Py) Heating furnace temp. ：200℃→20℃/min→
300℃→5℃/min→
340℃(1min)
Interface temp. ：300℃ (control mode: manual)
Gas chromatography Column ：Dimethylpolysiloxane
(GC) (length 15m, inside diameter 0.25mm,

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 membrane thickness 0.05μm)
Vaporization chamber temp. ：320℃
Oven temp. ：80℃→20℃/min→300℃(5min)
Injection mode ：Split
(Split 比 1/50)
Carrier gas ： Helium 52.1cm/s
(fixed linear velocity)
Mass spectrography Ion source temp. ：230℃
equipment (MS) Electron accelerating voltage：70eV(electron ionization (EI))
Monitor ion mass number ：
(m/z)
Component Fixed Confirmation Confirmation
quantity ion 1 ion 2
ion
DIBP 223 205 149
DBP 223 205 149
BBP 206 91 149
DEHP 279 167 149

Scan range ：50～1000m/z

Source: IEC62321-8:2017 8.3.2

e) Judgment method

Conformity/unconformity of phthalic acid ester is judged in accordance with IEC62321-8

/ Ed. 1.0b: 2017. Fig.3 shows the flow of the judgment method.

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 Polymer materials (polymers) and electronic components

Screening method Py-TD-GC-MSmethod

≦500mg/kg 500-1500mg/kg ≧1500mg/kg

Conformed Non-conformed
GC-MSmethod

Fig. 5.3 Phthalate esters conformance/non-conformance judgment flow (Py-TD-GC-MS method)

5.6.2 Screening analysis for phthalate esters by IAMS (ion attachment mass
spectrometry) and TD-MS (thermal desorption mass spectrometry) (assay in accordance
with PBMS)

In IEC 62321, PBMS (performance-based measurement system) is adopted and defined in

Part 1. PBMS is a serial process with performance-based thinking, and is a standard for
selection of an appropriate method to satisfy cost-effectiveness. Also, in IEC 62321-1:2013
4.9 Alternative test methods, there is a provision stating that alternative test methods
can be used if effectiveness of performance can be confirmed in accordance with PBMS
standards.

a) Scope of application
Polymer materials (polymers) and electronic components
b) Analytical apparatus
thermal desorption mass spectrometry (example: Hitachi High-Tech Science
HM1000)
c) Pretreatment
Mechanical sample preparation
Extract average sample representing measurement position.
d) Analytical method
Use smallest scale of up to 0.01mg to accurately measure out sample (approx. 0.2mg)
to sample pan, and set on sample rack of apparatus auto sampler. Before sample
measurement, use phthalate ester standard sample (NMIJ CRM 8152-a) to prepare
calibration curve, and use this to calculate fixed quantity and contents.
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 Table 5.7 Example of analytical requirements of phthalate esters by thermal desorption
mass spectrometry

(Hitachi High-Tech Science HM1000 standard requirements)

Sample heating Sample temp. ：100℃→230℃/1.5min
part 230℃ maintained 5.5min
Heating furnace temp. ：330℃ maintained
Ionization part Ion mode ：Positive ion mode
Discharge voltage ：3kV
Piping temp. ：300℃
Mass analysis part AP1 temp. ：150℃
Measurement mode ：SCAN：SIM
Measurement time ：7min
Measurement cycle time (including cooling and sample delivery):
10min

5.6.3 Phthalate esters in polymers (GC-MS method)

Analyze phthalate esters in polymers in accordance with IEC62321-8/Ed.1:2017. After
crushing sample, extract by means of Soxhlet extraction or ultrasonic extraction, and
analyze by gas chromatography mass spectrography method (GC-MS).
a) Scope of application
Quantitative analysis of DIBP, DBP, BBP and DEHP of concentrations of 50～2000mg/kg
contained in polymers
b) Analytical apparatus
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Analyze using gas chromatography with capillary column connected to mass
spectrography detector (electron ionization, EI). Mass spectrography detector must be
such that enables selective ion monitoring with mass range upper limit of at least 1000
m/z.
Use of auto sampler is desirable to ensure repeated reproducibility.
For details, refer to IEC62321-8/Ed.1:2017 appendix J.
c) Pretreatment
Prepare sample so that it will pass through a 500μm sieve by crushing the sample before
extracting by means of freezing and crushing at liquid nitrogen temperature, etc. Use
solvent such as hexane with 500±10mg of this sample and extract with Soxhlet extractor
(add surrogate solution to bottom of cylindrical filter paper in order to confirm collection).
Place sample into cylindrical filter paper and extract for at least 6 hours with 120mL of
solvent solution in round-bottomed flask. If extraction time is short, the collection rate of
analyte components tends to decrease accordingly, so caution is necessary. After

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 extracting for at least 6 hours, use a rotational evaporator under reduced pressure to
concentrate to approx. 10ml and then dilute in measuring cylinder to 50ml with hexane.
For polymer samples dissolved in THF (e.g., PVC), it is also possible to use as an
alternative the extraction procedure with ultrasonic waves as shown below.
In case of ultrasonic extraction, add surrogate solution and THF10ml to 300±10mg of
sample, and seal. Thereafter, carry out ultrasonic wave treatment for 30~60 minutes until
sample dissolves, and cool. Drip 20ml of acetonitrile and deposit the polymer parts. Filter
with 0.45μm PTFE membrane and remove polymer parts.
d) Analytical method
Add internal standard solution to treatment solution prepared in c), and carry out
qualitative analysis by GC-MS. The calibration curve for quantitative analysis is
produced by preparing 5 or more solutions at equal intervals with concentrations of
standard solution, and quantitatively measuring based on the measurement value of
peak area. Data (including blank values) is to be managed in accordance with paragraph
11 of IEC62321-8/Ed.1:2017.

Table 5.8 Example of analytical requirements of phthalate esters by GC -MS method

Gas Injection volume ：1.0μL
chromatography Column : 5% biphenyl/95% dimethyl
(GC) Polysiloxane
(length 30m, inside diameter 0.25mm,
membrane thickness 0.25μm)
Injection opening temp. ：250℃
Oven temp. ：80～110℃(0.5min)→
20℃/min→280℃(1min)
→20℃/min→320℃ (5min)
Injection mode ：Splitless
Carrier gas ：Helium 1.5mL/min
Interface temp. ：280℃
Mass Ion source temp. ：230℃
spectrography Quadrupole temp. ：150℃
equipment (MS) Electron accelerating voltage：70eV (electron ionization (EI))
Scan range ：50～1000m/z
Source: IEC62321-8:2017 8.3.1

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Revision history
No. Revision date Revised content
First 2004.4 Following the establishment of the RoHS
edition directive in January 2003, established as
(Ver.1） guideline of the conformity confirmation analysis
method in the RoHS directive of Hitachi Group
Ver.2 2010.11 Harmonization with measurement procedure of
IEC 62321, addition of basic explanation of
analysis methods, and attachment of separate
volume of previous case studies at Business
Divisions
Ver.3 2016.4 Addition of technical items necessary for use
Ver.4 2018.3 Addition of measurement methods in Part 7-2
(Hexavalent chromium in polymers) and Part 8
(Phthalic acid esters)

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 Analysis Guideline Revision Working Group Members
Business Group/Company Affiliation Name
Hitachi Power Solutions Consulting Engineering Kunio Sukegawa
Headquarters Takahiro Kobayashi
Hitachi Industrial Equipment Environmental Control Center, Shohei Tsugami
Drive & Solutions Environmental Business Takushi Endo
Division
Hitachi High-Tech Science Quality Assurance Division Rikio Komakine
Analysys & Application Kenji Namiki
Technology Division
Hitachi Urban Investment Material Analysis Group, Yoshiki Kurosawa
Solution Division, Facility Hirotsugu Esaki
Headquarters
Business Planning Division, Koichi Yamamoto
Facility Headquarters
Hitachi Metals Quality Assurance Division, Yasuhiro Yokoyama
Cable Material Company
Material Processing Group Ryutaro Kikuchi
Cable Materials Research
Laboratory
Cable Material Company
Hitachi Chemical Techno Analysis & Technology Katsuya Kakuba
Service Division,
Hitachi Works
Hitachi Appliances Quality Assurance Division, Hitoshi Furuyama
Taga Home Appliances
Headquarters, Home
Appliances & Environmental
Equipment Division
Environment Promotion Kazuo Mino
Division, Main Office
Hitachi Plant Services Analytical Technology Center, Yasunari Uchitomi
New Business Promotion
Headquarters
Research & Development Advanced Materials Research Toshiaki Ishii
Group Division, Material Innovation
Center, R&D Technology
Motoko Harada
Innovation Control
Headquarters
Systems & Services Business Environment Policy Center Katsuhiro Sasajima
Environment Policy Division
Systems & Services Business
Division

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Hitachi Automotive Systems Product Environmental Takafumi Enami
Management Gr.
Global Manufacturing
Division
CSR and Environmental Energy & Environment Hikaru Kagiwada
Strategy Division Promotion Division

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