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Step Response and Impulse Response of Series RL Circuit Using Laplace Transform

The document describes the step response and impulse response of a series RL circuit. 1) The step response is derived by applying Kirchhoff's voltage law and taking the Laplace transform. The resulting current is an exponential function that approaches the final value with a time constant of L/R. 2) The impulse response is similarly derived by applying KVL to an impulse input. The resulting current is found to be a decaying exponential with the same time constant of L/R. 3) A numerical example calculates the step and impulse responses for a specific series RL circuit. The step response is again an exponential approaching the final value, and the impulse response is a decaying exponential.

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1K views6 pages

Step Response and Impulse Response of Series RL Circuit Using Laplace Transform

The document describes the step response and impulse response of a series RL circuit. 1) The step response is derived by applying Kirchhoff's voltage law and taking the Laplace transform. The resulting current is an exponential function that approaches the final value with a time constant of L/R. 2) The impulse response is similarly derived by applying KVL to an impulse input. The resulting current is found to be a decaying exponential with the same time constant of L/R. 3) A numerical example calculates the step and impulse responses for a specific series RL circuit. The step response is again an exponential approaching the final value, and the impulse response is a decaying exponential.

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Deus Katureebe
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Step Response and Impulse Response of Series RL Circuit

using Laplace Transform

An electric circuit consisting of a resistance (R) and an inductor (L), connected in series, is shown
in Figure-1. Consider the switch (S) is closed at time t = 0 .

Step Response of Series RL Circuit


To obtain the step response of the series RL circuit, the input x (t) applied to the circuit is given
by,

x (t) =Vu (t)

Now by applying KVL in the loop, we obtain the following differential equation,

di (t)
Vu (t) =Ri (t) +L
dt

Taking the Laplace transform on both sides, we get,

V
−
=RI (s) +L [sI (s) − i (0 )]
s

The current in an inductor cannot change abruptly. Therefore, the current in the circuit before t=0
is zero, i.e., initial current in the inductor is i (0− ) =0 . Thus,
V
=RI (s) +sLI (s)
s

V
⇒ = (R+sL) I (s)
s

Hence, the circuit current is then given by,

V
⇒ I (s) =
s (R+sL)

V 1 V
⇒ I (s) = [ ]=
R
L s (s+ ) L
L

L 1 1
⋅ [ − ]
R
R s (s+ )
L

V 1 1
⇒ I (s) = [ − ]
R
R s (s+ )
L

Taking the inverse Laplace transform of the above equation, we get,

V
−(R/L)t
i (t) = [1 − e ]
R

This is the step response of the series RL circuit.

Impulse Response of Series RL Circuit


To obtain the impulse response of the series RL circuit (shown in Figure-1), the input x (t) to the
circuit is given by,

x (t) =δ (t)
By applying KVL, the following differential equation of the circuit is obtained −

di (t)
δ (t) =Ri (t) +L
dt

Taking Laplace transform on both sides, we get,

di (t)
L [δ (t)] =L [Ri (t)] +L [L ]
dt

(L is the Laplace transform operator and L is the inductance of the inductor)

−
⇒ 1=RI (s) +L [sI (s) − i (0 )]

Neglecting the initial conditions i.e. i (0− ) =0 . Then,

(R+sL) I (s) =1

Therefore, for the impulse input, the current in the RL series circuit is,

1 1
I (s) = =
R
(R+sL) L (s+ )
L

Taking the inverse Laplace transform, we have,

1
−1 −1
L [I (s)] =L [ ]
R
L (s+ )
L

1
−(R/L)t
∴ i (t) = e u (t)
L
This is the impulse response of the series RL circuit.

Numerical Example
Find the step response and impulse response of the series RL circuit shown in Figure-2.

Solution
The differential equation describing the series RL circuit of Figure-2 is,

di (t)
x (t) =20i (t) +5
dt

Taking inverse Laplace transform on both sides, we get,

−
X (s) =20I (s) +5 [sI (s) − i (0 )]

Neglecting the initial conditions of the circuit, we have,

X (s) =20I (s) + 5sI (s)

=5I (s) (s + 4)

X (s)
∴ I (s) =
5 (s + 4)

Refer the circuit of Figure-2, the output of the circuit is,


X (s)
Y (s) =20I (s) =20 [ ]
5 (s + 4)

4
⇒ Y (s) = [ ] X (s)
(s + 4)

For unit step response

Input, x (t) =u (t)

1
∴ X (s) =
s

Therefore, the output of the circuit is,

4 1 4
Y (s) = [ ]( )=
(s + 4) s s (s + 4)

1 1
⇒ Y (s) = −
s (s + 4)

Taking the inverse Laplace transform, the step response of the circuit is given by,

1
−1 −1
L [Y (s)] =L [ ]
s

1
−1
− L [ ]
(s + 4)

−4t
⇒ y (t) =u (t) − e u (t)
−4t
∴ y (t) =u (t) [1 − e ]

For Impulse Response

x (t) =δ (t)

∴ X (s) =1

Output,

4 4
Y (s) = [ ] (1) =
(s + 4) (s + 4)

Taking inverse Laplace transform, the impulse response of the circuit is given by,

−4t
y (t) =4e u (t)

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