5

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 17

Finding the Missing Equivalent

Ratios

CO_Q2_Math5_Module17
Mathematics – Grade 5
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 17: Finding the missing term for a pair of equivalent ratios
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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 5

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 17
Finding the Missing Equivalent
Ratios
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests, and
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Good luck and happy learning!

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CO_Q2_Math5_Module17
 What I Need to Know

Hi, mathletes!

This module was designed to help you gain understanding and test your
ability in finding the missing term for a pair of equivalent ratios. Mastery of
this mathematical skill is fundamental for you to conceptually understand
more about ratios.

In this module, you will be guided on the step-by-step process in finding

the unknown quantity of a pair of equivalent fractions. Also, you will be
provided with challenging activities to harness your understanding of the
concepts at hand.

When you finish up this module, you will be able to:

1. state the steps in finding the missing term in an equivalent fraction;
2. appreciate the importance of equivalent fractions in real-life
situations; and
3. find the missing term in a pair of equivalent ratios. (M5NS-Ili-126)

So, what are you waiting for? Let the adventure begin!

But first, let us check your prior knowledge on finding the missing term
for a pair of equivalent ratios.

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 What I Know

Directions: Carefully read each statement below. Choose the letter that
corresponds to the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1) Which of the given ratios are equivalent?

5 15 7 6
A. and C. and
20 20 6 7

12 75 5 6
B. and D. and
16 100 3 4

2) The following are steps in finding the missing term for a pair of
equivalent ratios using cross multiplication method. Which is the
second step?
A. Divide the product by the remaining known value
B. Check your answer by doing the cross multiplication
C. Multiply the other terms by the same number
D. Do the cross multiplication of known values

3) Which of the following ratios is equal to 4 : 7?

A. 12 : 21 B. 8 : 9 C. 8 : 15 D. 15 : 60

4) Which of the following number could be the value of n in the expression

9 : 12 = n : 20?
A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 15

5) If a pair of ratios is equivalent, then their cross-products are equal. This

statement is
A. always true C. sometimes true
B. never true D. cannot be determined

6) Suppose that n represents the missing term in the expression 5 : n =

35 : 14. What is the value of n?
A. 9 B. 7 C. 3 D. 2
𝟔 𝟐𝟒
7) Find the value of the unknown term in the expression: = .
? 𝟐𝟎
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8

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8) If a relief operation, bags of food and items were distributed to the
barangay residents. There are 3 sardines given to each family. How
many sardines are needed for the twenty barangay residents?
A. 40 B. 60 C. 80 D. 120

9) Use the cross-product rule to find the missing term of the expression,
n: 7 = 21 :49.
A. 3 B. 7 C. 21 D. 49

𝟓𝟕𝟎 𝟏𝟗𝟎
10) What is the missing term in the expressions and to make it
𝟔𝟎 ?
equivalent ratios?

A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40

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 Lesson
Finding the Missing Term for
1 a Pair of Equivalent Ratios

To find the missing term for a pair of equivalent ratios, you need to
master the skills on identifying and writing equivalent ratios, expressing
ratios in their simplest forms. Moreover, understanding cross product rule is
needed in this lesson.

In this module, you will learn how to find the missing term for a pair of
equivalent ratios. Are you ready? Let’s explore and discover.

What’s In

Can you still remember the steps in expressing ratios in their simplest
form? How about identifying and writing equivalent ratios?

Ratios are in their simplest form when the terms are relatively prime
with each other. That is, when their common factor is 1.

For example, the ratio 8 : 9 is in its simplest form. The factors of 8

are 1, 2, 4 and 8 while the factors of 9 are 1, 3 and 9. Among the
enumerated factors of 8 and 9 there is no common factor between them
except 1. Thus, they are said to be relatively prime. In this case, the ratio
8 : 9 is in its simplest form.

Moreover, from the discussion in the previous module, it has been

shown that the resulting ratio which is in its simplest form is equivalent to
𝟏𝟐
that of the original ratio. For example, the ratio when expressed in its
𝟏𝟓
4 𝟏𝟐 𝟒
simplest form becomes 5. Thus, = 𝟓. By their cross-products, it can be
𝟏𝟓
shown that they are equivalent.

5 x 12 = 60 15 x 4 = 60
12 4
=
15 5

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 We should always remember that simplifying ratios is just the same
as simplifying fractions since ratios can also be written as fractions. To
rewrite ratios in simplest form, divide the numerator and the denominator
of each ratio by their greatest common factor (GCF). The term “simplest
form” is the same as the “lowest term” in ratios and fractions.

Did you know that if the simplest forms of two or more ratios are the
same or equal, then the ratios are said to be equivalent.

Consider the examples below.

𝟏𝟓 𝟓
Example 1: Tell whether the ratios and are equivalent.
𝟔𝟎 𝟐𝟎

Simplify the ratios:

15 5
For the GCF is 15. For , the GCF is 5.
60 20

15 ÷15 1 5÷5 1
= =
60 ÷15 4 50 ÷5 4

15 1 5 1
The simplest form of is . The simplest form of is .
60 4 20 4

1
The simplest forms are both equal to 4. Therefore, the given ratios are
equivalent. This can be checked by their cross product. Thus, we have:

15 5
=
60 20

5 x 60 = 300 15 x 20 = 300

𝟏𝟔 𝟕𝟓
Example 2: Tell whether the given ratios are equivalent: and
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎

Simplify the ratios:

𝟏𝟔 𝟕𝟓
For ,the GCF is 4. For the GCF is 25.
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎

16 ÷4 4 75 ÷25
12 ÷4
= 3 100 ÷25
= 34
𝟏𝟔 𝟒
The simplest form of is The simplest form of
𝟕𝟓 3
is 4.
𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟎

Since their simplest forms are NOT equal; therefore, the given ratios are NOT
equivalent.

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 Hey, now is your turn to move your pen. Good luck!

Directions: Tell whether the given ratios are equivalent or not equivalent.
Write equality symbol (=) if the given pair are equivalent ratios and inequality
symbol (≠) if they are not equivalent. Write your answers on the space provided
before the number.
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟒
_______1) 𝟓
and 𝟐𝟔
_______4) 3:5 and 6:10

𝟒 𝟓 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎
______2) and ______5) and
𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟎 𝟑 𝟒

______3) 2:18 and 10:60

What’s New

From the previous lesson, you were taught on how to identify and write
equivalent ratios and how to express ratios in their simplest forms. This time,
we are going to deal with finding the missing term for a pair of equivalent
ratios. Equivalent ratios have different numbers but represent the same
relationship. Remember that in generating equivalent ratios, we multiply or
divide a counting number to both terms of a given ratio.

Say for example, your mother is planning to cook chicken adobo. In the
recipe, it is indicated that for every 2
kilograms of chicken needs 3 packs of adobo
mix are needed. Suppose she plans to cook 4
kilograms of chicken adobo, how many packs
of adobo mix will she need? How will she
determine the right amount of needed
ingredients? Can you help her?

The situation calls for finding the missing term for a pair of equivalent
ratios.

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 What Is It

In finding the missing term in a pair of equivalent ratios, you have to

bear in mind that to complete the equivalent ratio you have different ways in
finding the unknown value or the missing piece. We can either use
multiplication or division.
Now, you have to remember that in ratios, order or the sequence is
considered. As previously discussed, the order in which we compare
quantities is very important. The amount mentioned before the word to is
always the numerator or the first element in a ratio. The amount after the
word to is always the denominator or the second element in a ratio.

To illustrate this further, example (e.g.) square () and circle () are in
a ratio. The ratio is square to circle, then could be illustrated or drawn it as
 : . The ratio equivalent to this must be written also in the same order.
Thus, we have the equivalent ratios as  :  =  : 

Going back to the situation above, it stated that a recipe calls for 3
packs of adobo mix for every 2 kgs. of chicken. Thus, we have:
2 kilograms chicken is to 3 packs of adobo mix or 2 : 3
And, for the ratio with the unknown value denoted by n, we write it this
way:
4 kgs. chicken is to n packs of adobo mix or 4 : n.
Take note that the order of quantities is the same in both ratios. That is,
number of kilograms of chicken to the number of adobo mix
Putting this together, we have the equivalent ratio: 2:3=4:n
To solve for n, we try to look at the first element of the ratio which is the
number of kilos of chicken. Notice that it doubles! This means that we
multiply the previous quantity by 2 to get the new quantity of chicken.
x2 2x2=4

2:3=4:n
Since the number of kilos of chicken is doubled so with the number of packs
of adobo mix. Thus, we have:
2:3=4:n
3x2=n=6
x2

Therefore, your mother needs 6 packs of adobo mix for the recipe.

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Let’s discuss in detail the steps used above. This is Method 1.
Consider the example below.
Example 1: Consider this: 3 : 5 = n : 30
Step 1: Starting from the known quantities, think what number
to multiply in the first ratio to get the number in the second ratio. In
this case the known quantities are 5 and 30 (the second terms of the ratios).
The number that will multiply 5 to get 30 is 6. Take note that in equivalent
ratios, if you multiply or divide both the numbers of the ratio by the same
number you get an equivalent ratio.
x6
3 : 5 = n : 30 5 x 6 = 30

Step 2: Multiply the other terms by the same number.

3 : 5 = n : 30
x6 3 x 6 = 18 = n
Step 3: Check your answer. Do this by dividing both terms in the
second ratio by 6 to arrive at the numbers in the first ratio.

÷6 30 ÷ 6 = 5
3 : 5 = 18 : 30
18 ÷ 6 = 3 ÷6

Since, 3 : 5 = 18 : 30. Therefore, n = 18.

We can also use cross products to find a missing term in a pair of

equivalent ratios. To find the cross products of two equivalent ratios, we
multiply the numerator of the first fraction with that of the denominator of
the second fraction. Do the same with the other terms. This is Method 2.

𝟓 𝟑𝟎
Example 2: Find the unknown term in this expression: and
𝟑 ?

Step 1: Do the cross multiplication of known values. Start by cross

multiplying the numerator and denominator that you know.
5 30
= 3 x 30 = 90
3 ?
Step 2: Divide the product by the remaining known value. In this
case, divide 90 by the remaining term of 5. The answer, 18, is the unknown
term.
90 ÷ 5 = 18

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CO_Q2_Math5_Module17
 Step 3: Check your answer by doing the cross multiplication. If the
results are equal, you know your answer is correct.
18 x 5 = 90 5 30 3 x 30 = 90
=
3 18
18 𝑥 5 = 3 𝑥 30
90 = 90
Since the products are the same, then the answer is correct. The
missing term in the ratio is indeed, 18.

Example 3: Find the missing term in the given equivalent ratio.

8 4
8: 18 = 4: n or =
18 𝑛
Step 1: Do the cross multiplication of known values.
8 4
= 18 x 4 = 72
18 𝑛
Step 2: Divide the product by the remaining known value. In this
case, divide 72 by the remaining term of 8. The answer, 9, is the unknown
term.
72 ÷ 8 = 9
Step 3: Check your answer by doing the cross multiplication. If the
results are equal, you know your answer is correct.
8 x 9 = 72 8 4 18 x 4 = 72
=
18 9

Alternative Solution:
Express 8:18 in simplest form. Then we have,
8 2 4
8:18 ÷2 =9
18
4
Since the resulting fraction is , then clearly n = 9.
9

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 What’s More

Now that you have read and understood the different ways of finding
the missing term in a pair of equivalent ratios, let’s solve some problems in
the succeeding activities. Good luck!

Activity 1: Guess my Number!

Directions: Using Method 1, find the missing term of the following pairs of
equivalent ratios. Number 1 is already done for you as your guide.
1) 14: 5 = 28: n

Step 1: Starting from the known quantities, think 14: 5 = 28: n

what number to multiply in the first ratio x2
to get the number in the second ratio. 14 x 2 = 28

Step 2: Multiply the other terms by the same 14: 5 = 28: n

number to get the value of n. x2
5 x 2 = 10 = n
Step 3: Check your answer. Divide each term in ÷2
the second ratio to get the corresponding 14: 5 = 28: 10
number in the first ratio. ÷2
28 ÷ 2= 14
10 ÷ 2 = 5

10 25
2) 3: 4 = 12: n 4) =
20 𝑛
14 4 2 𝑛
3) = 5) =
21 𝑛 8 8

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Activity 2: Cross my Heart!

Directions: Use the cross-product rule (Method 2) to find the missing term in
the following pairs of equivalent ratios. The first item is done for your guide.
11 33
1) 11: 𝑛 = 33: 15  = 15
𝑛

Step 1: Do the cross multiplication of known 11

= 15
33
𝑛
values.
11 x 15 = 165

Step 2: Divide the product by the remaining

known value to find the unknown 165 ÷ 33 = 5
value.
So, n = 5

Step 3: Check your answer by doing the cross 11 33

=
multiplication. 5 15

11 x 15 = 165

33 x 5 = 165

𝒏 𝟐
2) 6: 8 = 24: 𝑛 4) =
𝟖 𝟒

𝟑𝟔 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
3) =𝟕 5) =
𝒏 𝟏𝟓 𝒏

Activity 3: Am I IN or OUT!

Directions: The following are pairs of equivalent ratios with missing term
denoted by n. On the right side are possible values of n. Check whether the
value of n suits the given pair of ratios to make it equivalent. Write IN if the
missing term of the given ratios is correct and OUT if it is not then give the
correct value of n. You can use an extra sheet of paper for your solutions.
______________1) 5 : 15 = n : 30 n = 10

______________2) n : 18 = 2 : 6 n=8

______________3) 7 : 21 = 10 : n n = 30

______________4) 4 : 6 = n : 27 n = 12

______________5) 6 : n = 8 : 12 n=9

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 What I Have Learned

Based on what you have learned, answer the following questions below.

1) What are the steps in finding the missing term for a pair of equivalent
ratios? Give the two methods discussed.

Method 1:
Step 1: _________________________________________________________
Step 2: _________________________________________________________
Step 3: _________________________________________________________

Method 2:
Step 1: _________________________________________________________
Step 2: _________________________________________________________
Step 3: _________________________________________________________

2) Between the two methods, which do you think is better? Why?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3) Do you have other ways to find the missing term for a pair of
equivalent ratios? If so, please write them down.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

By this time, you have already learned the process of finding the
missing term for a pair of equivalent ratios. Congratulations! Give yourself a
pat on your back for your hard work.
Your knowledge on finding the missing term will not be in vain because
you can now apply it to your daily life like Marie.

Consider the situation below.

Directions: Read the word problem carefully. Take note of the important
numbers considered as set of ratios. Then, do what is asked. Show your
solutions on an extra sheet of paper.

Marie works for her aunt who is an

owner of a cake shop in Calbayog
City. Marie can make 3 small mango
pies for every 5 mangoes. How many
pies she can make with 25
mangoes?

You made it! Finally, you’re almost through with this module. Just
answer the last two activities correctly, and you’re done.

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 Assessment

Directions: Carefully read each statement below. Choose the letter that
corresponds to the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1) Given below are the steps in finding the missing term for a pair of
equivalent ratios using cross multiplication method. Which is the
correct order of steps?
1. Divide the product by the remaining known value.
2. Check your answer by doing the cross multiplication.
3. Do the cross multiplication of known values.
A. 3  1  2 C. 2  1  3
B. 1  2  3 D. 3  2  1
2) What is the missing term in the expression 7 : 9 = 28 : ?
A. 27 B. 30 C. 36 D. 45

3) The following are equivalent ratios EXCEPT

7 6 5 15
A. and C. and
21 18 8 24

90 3 20 10
B. and D. and
27 10 50 35

4) Which of the following could be the value of n in the expression

9 : 10 = 63 : n?
A. 60 B. 70 C. 80 D. 90

5) Which of the following statements are correct?

1. In ratio, the order in which we compare quantities is very important
2. In expressing the ratio in its simplest form, the resulting ratio its
simplest form is equivalent to that of the original ratio.
3. If the simplest forms of two or more ratios are the same or equal, then
the ratios are said to be equivalent
A. 1 and 2 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

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6) Myla is a baker. In her recipe, she uses 2 cups of milk for every 5 cups
of flour. How many cups of milk will she use if she increased the
number of flour to 7.5 cups?
A. 3 B. 3.5 C. 4 D. 4.5

57 19
7) Rollie wants to find the missing term in the expression and . He
6 ?
multiplied 6 and 19 and gets a product of 114. What should be the
next step that he should do?

A. Divide 114 by the remaining known value which is 57.

B. Multiply 114 by the remaining known value which is 57.
C. Check the answer by cross multiplying the quantities.
D. Cross multiply the quantities in the given expression.

8) Use the cross-product rule to find the missing term of the expression,
𝒏 𝟐𝟏
= .
𝟕 𝟒𝟗
A. 3 B. 7 C. 21 D. 49

𝟒 𝟐𝟒
9) Find the value of the unknown term in the expression: = .
? 𝟑𝟎
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8

10) If the cross products are equal, then the ratios are said to be ________.
A. in the same order C. equivalent
B. in fractional form D. decreasing

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Complete the cross-number puzzle by answering the clues given

below. In each clue, you are to find the missing term of each pair of equivalent
ratios. Enter the digits of your answer on the boxes below corresponding to
the given clue.

1. 2. 3. 4.
ACROSS
5. 6.
1) 4 : 98 = 6 : n
7. 8. 9.
3) n : 12 = 12 : 1

10. 11. 12. 5) 4 : 12 = 8 : n

13. 14. 7) 98 : 112 = n : 72

15. 16. 9) 20 : 24 = 5 : n

17. 18.
10) 9 : 12 = n : 36

12) 2 : n = 8 : 28
DOWN 14) n : 21 = 2 : 3
2) 98 : 112 = 63 : n
4) 81 : n = 9 : 5 15) 2 : 3 = 14 : n

6) 4 : 20 = 8 : n 17) 5 : 15 = n : 39
8) n : 16 = 8 : 4
18) 2 : 6 = n : 84
11) 2 : 6 = 28 : n
13) n : 80 = 75 : 48
16) 10 : 8 = 15 : n

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 CO_Q2_Math5_Module17
17
What’s More:
Activity 1: Guess My Number!
Additional Activities
2. n = 16
ACROSS DOWN 3. n=6
1) 147 2) 72
4. n = 50
3) 144 4) 45
5) 24 6) 40 5. n=2
7) 63 8) 32
9) 6 11) 84 Activity 2: Cross My Heart!
10) 27 13)125
12) 7 16) 12 2. n = 32
14) 14
3. n = 63
15) 21
17) 13 4. n=4
18) 28 5. n = 45
Activity 3: Am I IN or OUT!
1. IN
Assessment 2. OUT; 6
3. IN
4. OUT; 18
1. A 6. A 5. IN
2. C 7. A
3. B 8. A
4. B 9. B What’s New:
5. D 10. C
1. Not equivalent
2. Not equivalent
3. Not equivalent
What I Can Do 4. Equivalent
5. Equivalent
x5 5 x 5 = 25
3 : 5 = n : 25
x5 3 x 5 = n = 15 What’s In
Check: 1. ≠ 4. ═
÷5
2. ═ 5. ═
3 : 5 = n : 25 25 ÷ 5 = 5
3. ≠
÷5 15 ÷ 5 = 3
What I Know
What’s I Have Learned 1. B 6. D
2. A 7. B
1. Method 1 - Answers will vary
3. A 8. B
2. Method 2 - Answers will vary
3. Answers will vary 4. D 9. A
4. Answers will vary 5. A 10. B
Answer Key
References

Lumbre, Angelina P., and Alvin C. Ursua. 2016. 21St Century Mathematics 5 Textbook. Quezon City: Vibal
Group, Inc.
Northcutt, Ellen (Ed.). 2000. Pre-GED Mathematics. USA: Steck-Vaughn Company

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