10 VI June 2022

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45026
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

LoRa Based Framework for Smart Greenhouse

Monitoring Systems
Shreya B B1, Yamini Niharika P2, Thota Vedasree3, Yashaswini U S4 , Dr. Roopa G M 5, Prof. Vaishnavi Ajay Inamdar6
5
Associate Professor, 6Assistant Professor, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6Computer Science and Engineering Department, BIET, VTU University

Abstract: Agriculture being the largest profession in India depends on various factors like temperature, humidity, soil moisture,
and others. LoRa is a long-range, low-power wireless platform framework developed for smart greenhouse monitoring to gain
accurate values for dependent factors like temperature, humidity, soil moisture. LoRa is based on chirp spread spectrum
modulation, which has low power characteristics like FSK modulation but can be used for long-range communications. LoRa
can be used to connect sensors, gateways, machines, devices, animals, people, etc. wirelessly to the cloud. The purpose involves
eliminating the traditional methods of the agriculture system and enhancing the crop yield and quality. Automated tools
utilization is also being implemented, thereby improving the agricultural conditions, and reducing the human intervention.
Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), LoRa Technology, Smart Greenhouse Monitoring Systems, Dht11 Sensors, ESP32
Development Boards, and LoRa Chips.
I. INTRODUCTION
Greenhouse technology may be a a part of agriculture, providing promising environmental situations to the plants. to shield plants
from harmful atmospheric condition like wind, cold, extreme temperature, and disease, assembling a greenhouse will protect the
plants by providing suitable environmental conditions. Greenhouses have their own place within the agriculture sector and the
awareness to stay the sustainability of the greenhouse is vital. Crop production could be a challenging business, with the crops being
constantly exposed to unfavorable climate. Weather and climate conditions play a crucial role in determining the pace of crop
production. However, during times when global food security strongly depends on crop production, there's no place for any
limitations. Therefore, the search for solutions resulted in farm management practices that involve farming during a controlled
environment. Greenhouse Farming is one of the basic variations of farming in a controlled environment.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

This is the survey carried on various journal or reference papers to undertake the existing system to explore the drawbacks in the
existing technology for the Greenhouse Monitoring system using Lo-Ra. George Princess T and Poovammal E explored that
integrating IOT in greenhouse farming helps in monitoring the pesticides and storage facilities, tracking the required products of
farm and also prevents the farmers from illegal logging. It becomes more effective by reducing the cost of production, connecting
the greenhouses, stabling and monitoring the livestock. They gave a comprehensive analysis on smart agriculture and greenhouse
farming using the current trends of IoT. It discusses the several distinct types of sensors for monitoring the consumption of power,
energy and water. It also aims in assisting the researchers and helps farmers to accumulate the knowledge of the innovative IOT
technology in the smart greenhouse cultivation.
KHH Priyadarshana et. al. identified that with the degradation of the environment due to soil erosion and the mass developments
and the mechanical revolutions, the agriculture becomes a challenge with unfavorable environmental conditions.
Rakia Rayhana et. al. suggested that the evolving Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, which encompass the smart sensors,
devices, network topologies, big data analytics, and intelligent decision is believed to be the solution in addressing the key
challenges facing the greenhouse farming, such as greenhouse local climate control, crop growth monitoring, crop harvesting and
etc.,
Mohamed M. Abbassy and Waleed M. Ead explored that in Egypt, Agriculture assumes a huge role within the improvement in food
protection. Moreover, there is a faster progression in the innovation of monitoring the agricultural conditions to increase the quality
of production in the field. Various cultivating conditions like light, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and so forth are viewed and
restricted via checking and controlling devices. Heri Andrianto et. al. studied that food availability is a very important problem to be
resolved due to the growing world population. The problem faced is how to increase agricultural production and how to reduce the
use of pesticides so that they are not harmful to humans.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4593
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

One solution to overcome this problem is to create a smart greenhouse system. Farming in this smart greenhouse system does not
use pesticides. This study aims to develop smart greenhouses for hydroponic farming based on the Internet of Thing (IoT). In this
study, they also measured the chlorophyll content of mustard leaves grown hydroponically in a greenhouse system to determine the
nitrogen status of the mustard plant. The controller unit of this system is the Arduino Mega2560. Data on temperature, humidity,
TDS, PH, light, and actuator conditions (pumps, lights, fans, sprayers, and valves) are stored on the real-time database firebase.
Environmental conditions in the greenhouse can be monitored via an application on a smartphone and all actuators can be controlled
via an application on a smartphone.
T C Jermin Jeaunita et. al. proposed that Greenhouse deployment of farms gives hope for the farmers on higher crop yield, through
lowering risks against pests, insects and adverse climatic conditions. Automation of greenhouse benefits the farmers in various ways
by detection of soil and water quality and automatic irrigation. Involving scientific process in this automation boosts the benefits on
agricultural activities. The current status of the greenhouse can be collected and sent to the cloud infrastructure for further decision
making. This paper deals with the design and implementation of a model for IoT based agricultural greenhouse system for better
crop yield. The system uses light-weight MQTT protocol for device-to-device communication.

III. METHODOLOGY

Fig. 1: Methodology Diagram

The above figure shows the methodology being adopted, Dht11 sensor fetches the temperature and humidity values, soil moisture
sensor gives the moisture value of soil, LRD sensor helps to fetch light intensity, these are given to the LoRa sender. This in turn
sends the data to LoRa receiver without the help of any network. LoRa devices create a wireless data communication network.
Further, a server can be used to dump the data into the database.

Fig. 2: Flow Diagram

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4594
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

The above figure shows the sequence of interactions. The series of messages are shown and labelled to guide through the LoRa
framework for the smart greenhouse monitoring system. The interaction between the sender and receiver allows to get the data from
the sensor and send data via LoRa. The receiver can receive the information from sender and forward it to the server. A request can
be made to take the appropriate action. Later on the request can be processed.

IV. MODEL DESIGN

Fig. 3: Model Design

Fig. 4: Sensors

1) Soil Moisture Sensor: Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in the soil and can be used to estimate the amount of
stored water in the soil horizon. Soil moisture sensors do not measure water in the soil directly. Instead, they measure changes
in some other soil property that is related to water content in a predictable way.
2) Dht 11 Sensor: The DHT-11 Digital Temperature And Humidity Sensor is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and
humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital
signal on the data pin.
3) LDR Sensor: An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that changes with the light intensity that falls upon it. This
allows them to be used in light sensing circuits. Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) are also called photoresistors.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4595
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fig. 5: Model Setup

4) Thingspeak Cloud: ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate, visualize and analyse live data
streams in the cloud. ThingSpeak provides instant visualizations of data posted by your devices to ThingSpeak.
The analysed live data is then presented to the mobile interface.

V. RESULTS

Fig. 6: Blynk IoT Mobile Interface

The user can launch the Blynk application, monitor various parameters and get the notifications about the parameters. At the later
stage, necessary actions can be taken according to the data notified to the user.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4596
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fig. 7: Blynk Notifications Triggered

The user will receive the notification through the Blynk application when the moisture hits a certain threshold i.e., here stating as the
“Soil is dry, Irrigate plants”. Once this notification is triggered, the user can click on the “ON” buttonin the application to irrigate
the plants, which will initiate to start the motor and plants will be irrigated.

Fig. 8: LDR Sensor activating the light inside the Greenhouse

When is no sufficient light inside the greenhouse, the LDR sensor tracks the light intensity and senses that there is not sufficient
light and the light will automatically be turned on inside the greenhouse and vice versa.

VI. CONCLUSION
The designed model is a scalable system to monitor and control greenhouse sensors, temperature, humidity, and moisture sensors of
LoRa based framework for Smart greenhouse monitoring system. Based on the problems identified, the tentative objectives have
been framed. We examined the methodology diagram and explored the advanced facility available in which we can control the
climate to increase plant growth and avoid the effect of seasonal changes on the plants. The tools and technologies have been
identified in order to implement the proposed system. The designed backend system can be easily integrated with other IoT
applications, so, can the system contribute not only as a greenhouse’s monitoring and control system but also as an initial step for
future smart city development. The proposed system offers the users to get easily choose the period that they want to check the
sensors readings on ThingSpeak website and allows the users to self-retrieve past data, and additional sensor nodes and gateways to
be integrated to extend the coverage.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4597
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

REFERENCES
[1] George Princess T and Poovammal E, 'Intelligent Greenhouse cultivation empowered in IoT ecosystem’, 2021 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Geoscience,
Electronics and Remote Sensing Technology (AGERS) June 2021
[2] KHH Priyadarshana, M.A.L.S.K. Manchanayaka and B.H. Sudantha, ‘IoT Based Greenhouse System for Tropical Countries’, 2020 International Conference on
Image Processing and Robotics (ICIP), March 2020
[3] Rakiba Rayhana, Gaozhi Xiao and Zheng Liu,’ Internet of Things Empowered Smart Greenhouse Farming’, IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency
Identification Volume: 4, pg:195-211 Issue: 3, Sept. 2020
[4] Mohamed M. Abbassy and Waleed M. Ead, ‘Intelligent Greenhouse Management System’, 2020 6th International Conference on Advanced Computing and
Communication Systems (ICACCS) April 2020
[5] Lijun Liu and Wei Jiang, ‘Design of vegetable greenhouse monitoring system based on ZigBee and GPRS’, 2018 4th International Conference on Control,
Automation and Robotics (ICCAR) June 2018
[6] Van Anh Vu, Dong Cong Trinh, Tuan Christian TRUVANT and Thanh Dang Bui, ‘Design of Automatic Irrigation System for Greenhouse based on Lo-Ra
Technology’, 2018 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC) Oct 2018
[7] Muhammad Faizan Siddiqui, Asim ur Rehman Khan, Neel Kanwal, Haider Mehdi, Aqib Noor and M. Asad Khan, ‘Automation and Monitoring of
Greenhouse’, 2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICICT) Dec 2017
[8] Gianluca Burchi , Stefano Chessa Francesca Gambineri, Alexander Kocian, Daniele Massa, Paolo Milazzo, Luca Rimediotti and Alessandro Ruggeri,
‘Information technology controlled Greenhouse: A System Architecture’, 2018 IoT Vertical and Topical Summit on Agriculture - Tuscany (IOT Tuscany) June
2018

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