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Hall Effect Experiment Hex 21c

The Hall Effect experiment allows measurement of the Hall coefficient, which can determine whether a semiconductor's charge carriers are electrons or holes, and can calculate carrier density and mobility. The experiment involves a Hall probe, Hall effect setup, electromagnet, power supply, and computer interface. When a current flows perpendicular to a magnetic field through a semiconductor, the magnetic field causes charge carriers to deflect and produce a Hall voltage perpendicular to both the current and magnetic field. Measuring this Hall voltage allows calculating the Hall coefficient and material properties.

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Kanhaiya Chakradhari
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99 views2 pages

Hall Effect Experiment Hex 21c

The Hall Effect experiment allows measurement of the Hall coefficient, which can determine whether a semiconductor's charge carriers are electrons or holes, and can calculate carrier density and mobility. The experiment involves a Hall probe, Hall effect setup, electromagnet, power supply, and computer interface. When a current flows perpendicular to a magnetic field through a semiconductor, the magnetic field causes charge carriers to deflect and produce a Hall voltage perpendicular to both the current and magnetic field. Measuring this Hall voltage allows calculating the Hall coefficient and material properties.

Uploaded by

Kanhaiya Chakradhari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hall Effect Experiment HEX-21C

Introduction
The resistivity measurements of semiconductors can not reveal whether one or two types of carriers are
present; nor distinguish between them. However, this information can be obtained from Hall Coefficient
measurements, which are also basic tools for the determination of carrier density and mobilities in conjuction
with resistivity measurement.

Theory
As you are undoubtedly aware, a static magnetic field has no effect on charges unless they are in motion.
When the charges flow, a magnetic field directed perpendicular to the direction of flow produces a mutually
perpendicular force on the charges. When this happens, electrons and holes will be separated by opposite
–
forces. They will in turn produce an electric field (Eh) which depends on the cross product of the magnetic
– –
intensity, H, and the current density, J.
– – –
E h = RJ x H
Where R is called the Hall Coefficient
– –
Now, let us consider a bar of semiconductor, having dimension, x, y and z. Let J is directed along X and H
–
along Z then E h will be along Y.
Then we could write
Vh /y Vh.z
R = —— = ——
JH IH
–
Where Vh is the Hall voltage appearing between the two surfaces perpendicular to y and I=J yz

Hall Effect experiment consists of the following:


1. Hall Probe (Ge Crystal) n & p-type
2. Hall Effect Set-up, DHE-21C
3. Electromagnet, EMU-50V
4. Constant Current Power Supply, DPS-50C
5. Digital Gaussmeter, DGM-202C
6. Computer Interface, SES-CAMM2

SES Intruments Pvt. Ltd.


452, Adarsh Nagar, Roorkee - 247 667, India Phone : 91-1332-72852 Fax : 277118
email : [email protected] web. www.sestechno.com
Hall Probes
(a) Hall Probe (Ge Crystal)
Ge single crystal with four spring-type pressure contacts is mounte d on a sunmica-decorated bakelite
strip. Four leads are provided for connections with measuring devices.
TECHNICAL DETAILS

Material: Ge single crystal n or p-type as desired


Resistivity: 8-10Ω.cm
Contacts: Spring type (solid silver)
Zero-field potential: <1mV (adjustable)
Hall Voltage: 25-35mV/10mA/KG
It is designed to give a clear idea to the students about Hall Probe and is recommended for class room
experiment. A minor drawback of this probe is that it may require zero adjustment.

Hall Effect Set-up, DHE-21C


DHE-21 is a high performance instrument of outstanding flexibility. The set-up consists of a digital
millivoltmeter and a constant current power supply. The Hall voltage and probe current can be read on
the same digital panel meter through a selector switch.The unit is made compataible with SES-CAMM
interface unit, for computer control option.

(i) Digital Millivoltmeter


Intersil 3½ digit single chip A/D Converter ICL 7107 have been used. It has high accuracy like, auto zero
to less than 10µV, zero drift of less than 1µV/°C, input bias current of 10pA max. and roll over error of
less than one count. Since the use of internal reference causes the degradation in performance due to
internal heating, an external reference has been used. Digital voltmeter is much more convenient to use
in Hall experiment, because the input voltage of either polarity can be measured.

SPECIFICATIONS
Range: 0-200mV (100µV minimum)
Accuracy: ±0.1% of reading ±1 digit

(ii) Constant Current Power Supply


This power supply, specially designed for Hall Probe, provides 100% protection against crystal burn-out
due to excessive current. The supply is a highly regulated and practically ripple free dc source.

SPECIFICATIONS
Current: 0-20mA
Resolution: 10µA
Accuracy: ±0.2% of the reading ±1 digit
Load regulation: 0.03% for 0 to full load
Line regulation: 0.05% for 10% variation

Computer Interface, SES-CAMM


An interface (SES-CAMM) enables the userto operate the
hall effect setup through a computer. the interface is
attached to any USB port and on activation a GUI shows
the computer control, data storage and graph plotting of the
experiment. Also included is the option for automatic
computation of hall coefficient, carrier mobility and carrier
density.
SES Intruments Pvt. Ltd.
452, Adarsh Nagar, Roorkee - 247 667, India Phone : 91-1332-72852 Fax : 277118
email : [email protected] web. www.sestechno.com

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