10 VI June 2022

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44004
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Design and Implementation of Synchronous Buck

converter for Space Applications
Latha G1, Dr. Umavathi M2, Bhoopendra Kumar Singh3, Dr Ravichandran C4, Prasanna Kumar R5

Abstract: The synchronous Buck converter is used to step down voltage from higher to lower level. Now a days, Efficiency is the
major concern in designing any converters hence power converter design must be optimized to increase the performance of
converter and to meet the requirement of load demand. The proposed work aims at design and Implementation of 6W
synchronous buck converter using LT3845 synchronous step-down controller IC which is suitable for High Efficiency
application. The compactness of device is also a major concern for proposed work, hence the current mode topology makes the
power converter module more compatible and efficiency. The proposed work is designed for output power 12V/0.5A(6W) for an
Input voltage from 24-30V.The system frequency of converter is 150Khz.The results are obtained for Hardware Implementation
using LT3845 IC.
Keywords: Synchronous buck converter, LT3845 step down controller IC, Switch mode power supply, Current mode control.

I. INTRODUCTION
In recent times, Switch Mode Power Converters (SMPS) are playing a prominent role in various applications due to their high
efficiency solutions. These converters can be found in power supplies, electric tools, televisions and other electronic devices. The
most popular converter among the other converters is the buck converter. Buck converter is one of the DC-DC converters which
steps down the direct current (DC) voltage from one level to another level, this voltage level which is stepped down is used for
particular applications and it is designed accordingly.
It is considered because of its simple construction. The peak current rating selected for the device should be minimum 1.5 times
higher than the maximum output current. In a conventional buck converter, the diode will not conduct, if the main switch is on.
When the switch is turned off the diode starts conducting, due to this there is a voltage drop across the diode and this drop is
considered as loss. The conduction loss in diode might affect the efficiency of the buck converter[1]. Therefore, to enhance the
efficiency and to minimize the conduction losses, Synchronous Buck converter using integrated chip (IC) LT3845 can be
implemented. This paper focuses on design and analysis of synchronous buck converter using IC LT3845 at switching frequency of
150 kHz.

II. SYNCHRONOUS BUCK CONVERTER TOPOLOGY

As shown in figure, the basic circuit diagram of a synchronous buck converter. The two switches S1 and S2 in Synchronous
converter are operated such that there is no overlap that is during the ON time of one switch the other one will be OFF. This
introduction of second switch in place of a diode, decreases the voltage drop from about 1V to about 0.3V [2]. In addition, this
enhances the efficiency of the converter considerably [2].

Figure 1: Synchronous Buck Converter

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4034
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

There are two cases in which synchronous buck converter operates. In case 1, switch 1(S1) is turned ‘on’ while the switch 2(S2) is
turned ‘off’. During this the inductor and capacitor gets charged. In case 2, switch 2(S2) is turned ‘on’ while the switch 1(S1) is turned
‘off’. During this the inductor discharges through the body diode of S2. In case 2, on-state power loss is less because of the
synchronous switch which is as shown in figure 2 [3-6].

Figure 2: Operation of synchronous buck converter in both Cases

III. SYNCHRONOUS BUCK CONVERTER’S DESIGN AND HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 3: synchronous buck converter

Figure 4: Prototype model setup of Synchronous Buck Converter

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4035
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Figure 5: Hardware Input Waveforms: Yellow-Gate-source Voltage, Blue-Input Voltage, Purple-Input Current

Figure 6: Hardware Input Waveforms: Yellow-Gate-source Voltage, Blue-Input Voltage Purple-Input Current

Figure 7: Ripple Waveforms

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4036
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

IV. DESIGN STEPS FOR SYNCHRONOUS BUCK CONVERTER

A. Input
Minimum input voltage Vin_min := 24 Volts
Maximum input voltage Vin_max := 42 Volts
Nominal input voltage Vin_nom := 28 Volts
Switching Frequency Fsv := 150.103 Hz
Ts :=
Ts = 6.6667.10-6 Second

B. Output Voltage & Current

Vout := 12 Volt
∆Vout := 30.10-3 Volt
Iout_max := 0.5
Iout_min := 0.1

C. Duty Cycle Calculation

D_max := _
= 0.5
D_min := = 0.2857
_

D_nom := = 0.4286
_

D. Output Resistance Calculation

Rout_min := = 24
_

Rout_max := = 120
_
Nominal := 40

E. Input & Output Power Calculation

Pout_max : = Vout . Iout _max = 6
Pout_min : = Vout . Iout_min = 1.2
Ƞ : = 0.85
_
Pin_max : = ƞ
= 7.0588
_
Pin_min : = ƞ
= 1.4118

F. Input Average Current Calculation

_
Iin_max_min : = _
=0.2941
_
Iin_max_nom : = _
=0.2521
_
Iin_max_max : = _
=0.1681

_
Iin_min_min : = _
=0.0588
_
Iin_min_nom : = =0.0504
_
_
Iin_min_max : = _
=0.0336
Pk -Pk ripple factor @ Vmax K : = 0.2
Iripple := k . Iout _max

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4037
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

G. Output Inductor Selection

( _ )
L : = Vout . . _ .
= 0.0006(667 micro ) Note : Select L greater than the calculated value

OUTPUT CAPACITOR ESR CALCULATION

(∆ . . )
ESR_max :=
.( )
_
ESR_max = 0.3
ESR_max := 0.02

H. Output Capacitor Selection

C_out := .(∆ . _ ).
=2.9762.10-6
C_out = 2.9762.10-6
∆Vin := 0.1

I. Input Capacitor Selection

C_IN (BULK) :=Iout_max. ∆ . . _
=1.6667.10-5
.( _ )
I_CIN (RMS) := Iout_max . _ ^
=0.2259

J. R Sense Calculation
R_Sense := 70 . _
= 0.14 V
R_Set calculation
R_set ( KΩ) := (8.4 ) . 104 . Fsv (-1.31)
Rset := 118.KΩ

V. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS

Table1: synchronous Buck converter Hardware results

Input Input Input power(W) Output output output Efficiency n
Voltage(V) current(I) voltage(V) current(I) power(w) (%)
24 0.156 3.7 11.963 0.299 3.5769 95.513

25 0.150 3.75 11.963 0.299 3.5769 95.36

26 0.144 4.277 11.963 0.299 3.5769 95.51

27 0.139 4.3065 11.963 0.299 3.5769 95.28

28 0.134 4.3372 11.963 0.299 3.5769 95.31

29 0.129 4.3645 11.963 0.299 3.5769 95.59

30 0.125 4.3920 11.962 0.299 3.5769 95.36

The Hardware Implementation of synchronous buck converter using LT3845 was carried out for the given specifications and the results
and waveforms are given below[6-7]. The output voltage, output current and efficiency is as shown in Table 1. The resulted waveform
of Synchronous buck converter for 28V input is shown in figures. Efficiency of the converter is also tested for 24V and 30V inputs and
it is shown in Table-1.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 4038
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VI June 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

VI. CONCLUSION
Current mode controlled high efficiency synchronous buck converter is designed. Hardware results are verified, the load of the
converter is 40 ohms, with an input voltage range of 24 to 30V. Efficiency of more than 95% is obtained by using LT3845
Synchronous stepdown controller IC.

VII. AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are grateful to the Management, BMS Educational Trust, Principal and Vice-Principal, BMS College of Engineering.

REFERENCES
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2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC).
[3] Linear technology, High Voltage Synchronous Current Mode Step-Down Controller with Adjustable Operating Frequency,LT3845-
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