Normalization

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1. A table is in BCNF if it is in 3NF and if every determinant is a ___________ key.

a) Dependent
b) Normal
c) Candidate
d) Both Normal and Candidate
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A table is in Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF) if and only if it is in 3NF and
every determinant is a candidate key.
2. The ___________ normalization introduced by Chris Date, Hugh Darwen, and Nikos
Lorentzos.
a) Third
b) Fourth
c) Fifth
d) Sixth
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Chris Date, Hugh Darwen, and Nikos Lorentzos introduced Sixth Normal form
(6NF).
3. A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and if it has no ____________
a) Functional Dependencies
b) Transitive Dependencies
c) Trivial Functional Dependency
d) Multivalued Dependencies
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For a relation to be in Third Normal Form, it must be in Second Normal form
and the following must satisfy:No non-prime attribute is transitively dependent on prime key
attribute For any non-trivial functional dependency, X -> A, then eitherX is a superkey or,A
is prime attribute

4. Every constraint on the table is a logical consequence of the table’s


a) Fourth normal form
b) Fifth normal form
c) Domain/key normal form
d) None of the Mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A relation is in domain-key normal form (DK/NF) if every constraint on the
relation is a logical consequence of the definition of keys and domains.
5. A ___________ is an indirect functional dependency, one in which X->Z only by virtue of
X->Y and Y->Z.
a) Multivalued Dependencies
b) Join Dependency
c) Trivial Functional Dependency
d) Transitive Dependencies
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Third Normal Form deals with something called ‘transitive’ dependencies. This
means if we have a primary key A and a non-key domain B and C where C is more
dependent on B than A and B is directly dependent on A, then C can be considered
transitively dependent on A.
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6. In a given relationship R, if an attribute A uniquely defines all other attributes, then the
attribute A is a key attribute which is also known as the _________ key.
a) Candidate
b) Join
c) Functional
d) None of the Mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A candidate key is a column, or set of columns, in a table that can uniquely
identify any database record without referring to any other data. Each table may have one
or more candidate keys.
7. Anomalies are avoided by splitting the offending relation into multiple relations, is also
known as
a) Accupressure
b) Decomposition
c) Precomposition
d) Both Decomposition and Precomposition
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Eliminate redundancy by decomposing a relation into several relations in a
higher normal form.
8. Every time attribute A appears, it is matched with the same value of attribute B, but not
the same value of attribute C. Therefore, it is true that:
a) A -> B
b) A -> C
c) A -> (B,C)
d) (B,C) -> A
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Transitivity rule: Same as transitive rule in algebra, if a -> b holds and b -> c
holds then a -> c also hold. a -> b is called as a functionally determines b.
9. When the values in one or more attributes being used as a foreign key must exist in
another set of one or more attributes in another table, we have created a(n):
a) Transitive Dependency
b) Insertion Anomaly
c) Referential Integrity Constraint
d) Normal Form
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Referential Integrity is set of constraints applied to foreign key which prevents
entering a row in child table for which you don’t have any corresponding row in parent table
i.e. entering NULL or invalid foreign keys.
10. Which of the following is not a restriction for a table to be a relation?
a) The cells of the table must contain a single value
b) All of the entries in any column must be of the same kind
c) The columns must be ordered
d) No two rows in a table may be identical
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To format the columns differently, assign a unique alias to each column within
the SELECT command itself (do not use the ALIAS clause of the COLUMN command) and
enter a COLUMN command for each column’s alias

 A ___ is normalized after it has been organized.

A. Table
B. Database
C. Row
D. Column

Answer: B) Database

Explanation:

A database is normalized after it has been organized.

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2. By normalizing relations or sets of relations, one minimizes ___.

A. Data
B. Fields
C. Redundancy
D. Database

Answer: C) Redundancy
Explanation:

By normalizing relations or sets of relations, one minimizes redundancy.

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3. In addition to removing undesirable characteristics, normalization also


eliminates ___ anomalies.

A. Insert
B. Update
C. Delete
D. All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation:

In addition to removing undesirable characteristics, normalization also eliminates insert,


update, and delete anomalies.

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4. A common approach to normalization is to ___ the larger table into smaller


tables and link them together by using relationships.

A. Add
B. Subtract
C. Multiply
D. Divide

Answer: D) Divide

Explanation:

A common approach to normalization is to divide the larger table into smaller tables
and link them together by using relationships.
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5. Redundancy is reduced in a database table by using the ___ form.

A. Abnormal
B. Normal
C. Special
D. None

Answer: B) Normal

Explanation:

Redundancy is reduced in a database table by using the normal form.

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6. In practical applications, how many types of Normal Forms are there?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Answer: B) 4

Explanation:

There are 4 types of normal forms.

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7. Which of the following is not a type of Normal Form?

A. 1NF
B. 2NF
C. 3NF
D. 10NF

Answer: D) 10NF

Explanation:

10NF is not a type of Normal Form.

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8. Which of the following is a type of Normal Form?

A. ACNF
B. BCNF
C. CCNF
D. DCNF

Answer: B) BCNF

Explanation:

BCNF is a type of Normal Form.

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9. When a relation contains an atomic value, it is a ___ relation.

A. 1NF
B. 2NF
C. 3NF
D. BCNF

Answer: A) 1NF

Explanation:

When a relation contains an atomic value, it is a 1NF relation.


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10. 2NF relations are those that are in 1NF with all the attribute types dependent
on the ___ key.

A. Primary
B. Foreign
C. Composite
D. Alternate

Answer: A) Primary

Explanation:

2NF relations are those that are in 1NF with all the attribute types dependent on the
primary key.

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11. When a relation is in 2NF and there is ___, it is in 3NF.

A. Transition Dependency
B. No Transition Dependency
C. Relational Dependency
D. No Relational Dependency

Answer: B) No Transition Dependency

Explanation:

When a relation is in 2NF and there is no transition dependency, it is in 3NF.

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12. A relation is in ___ if it is in Boyce Codd normal form and does not have any
multivalued dependencies.
A. 1NF
B. 2NF
C. 3NF
D. 4NF

Answer: D) 4NF

Explanation:

A relation is in 4NF if it is in Boyce Codd normal form and does not have any
multivalued dependencies.

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13. If a relation has a 4NF and no join dependency, and when it joins, it should
be___, it is considered 5NF.

A. Lossful
B. Lesser
C. Lossless
D. Full

Answer: C) Lossless

Explanation:

If a relation has a 4NF and no join dependency, and when it joins, it should be lossless, it
is considered 5NF.

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14. What is TRUE about the First Normal Form (1NF)?

A. If a relation contains an atomic value, it will be 1NF.


B. A table attribute cannot contain more than one value, according to this rule.
C. A single-valued attribute can only be stored in it.
D. All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation:

In case of First Normal Form (1NF) -

a. If a relation contains an atomic value, it will be 1NF.


b. A table attribute cannot contain more than one value, according to this rule.
c. A single-valued attribute can only be stored in it.

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15. Neither multivalued nor composite attributes, nor their combinations, may be
used in the ___ normal form.

A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. fourth

Answer: A) First

Explanation:

Neither multivalued nor composite attributes, nor their combinations, may be used in
the first normal form.

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16. What is TRUE about the Second Normal Form (2NF)?

A. Relational must belong to 1NF in the 2NF.


B. All attributes other than the primary key are fully functional in the second normal
form
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

Answer: C) Both A and B


Explanation:

In case of Second Normal Form (2NF) -

a. Relational must belong to 1NF in the 2NF.


b. All attributes other than the primary key are fully functional in the second normal
form

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17. What is TRUE about the Third Normal Form (3NF)?

A. When a relation is in 2NF and does not contain transitive partial dependencies, it
will be in 3NF.
B. Data duplication is reduced by using 3NF.
C. It helps maintain the integrity of the data.
D. All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation:

In case of Third Normal Form (3NF) -

a. When a relation is in 2NF and does not contain transitive partial dependencies, it
will be in 3NF.
b. Data duplication is reduced by using 3NF.
c. It helps maintain the integrity of the data.

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18. Non-prime attributes cannot be transitively dependent, so the relation must


have the ___ normal form.

A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
Answer: C) Third

Explanation:

Non-prime attributes cannot be transitively dependent, so the relation must have the
third normal form.

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19. There needs to be which of the following conditions for each nontrivial
dependency of function X on function Y for a relation to be in third normal form.

A. A super key is X.
B. Every element of Y is a part of some candidate key, i.e, Y is a prime attribute.
C. Either A or B
D. None of the above

Answer: C) Either A or B

Explanation:

There needs to be at least one of the following conditions for each nontrivial
dependency of function X on function Y for a relation to be in third normal form.

a. A super key is X.
b. Every element of Y is a part of some candidate key, i.e, Y is a prime attribute.

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20. What is TRUE about BCNF?

A. The advanced version of 3NF is BCNF.


B. BCNF is stricter than 3NF.
C. The super key is X for any functional dependency of X -> Y in the table.
D. All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above


Explanation:

In case of BCNF -

a. The advanced version of 3NF is BCNF.


b. BCNF is stricter than 3NF.
c. The super key is X for any functional dependency of X -> Y in the table.

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21. A relation is in ___ if it is in Boyce Codd normal form and does not have any
multivalued dependencies.

A. 1NF
B. 2NF
C. 3NF
D. 4NF

Answer: D) 4NF

Explanation:

A relation is in 4NF if it is in Boyce Codd normal form and does not have any
multivalued dependencies.

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22. If more than one value of B is present for a single value of A in a dependency A
-> B, then the relationship is ___.

A. Single
B. Multi-valued
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above

Answer: B) Multi-valued

Explanation:
If more than one value of B is present for a single value of A in a dependency A*B, then
the relationship is multi-valued.

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23. What is TRUE about 5NF?

A. A relation is in 5NF if it is in 4NF, does not contain any join dependencies, and
has lossless joining.
B. In order to avoid redundancy, 5NF ensures that the tables are broken up in as
many ways as possible.
C. Project-join normal form (5NF) is sometimes referred to as Project-join NF.
D. All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation:

In case of 5NF -

a. A relation is in 5NF if it is in 4NF, does not contain any join dependencies, and
has lossless joining.
b. In order to avoid redundancy, 5NF ensures that the tables are broken up in as
many ways as possible.
c. Project-join normal form (5NF) is sometimes referred to as Project-join NF.

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