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Segment Routing ch1

This document discusses routing protocols and the evolution of network routing technologies. It provides background on ATM, Frame Relay, and MPLS routing. Segment Routing is introduced as a new technology developed by Cisco in 2013 to more efficiently route traffic with fewer protocols. The document outlines the problems with traditional routing methods and aims to study Segment Routing through research papers to understand why it is better for large networks and how it can control packet paths more than other methods.

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mohammed melad
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47 views

Segment Routing ch1

This document discusses routing protocols and the evolution of network routing technologies. It provides background on ATM, Frame Relay, and MPLS routing. Segment Routing is introduced as a new technology developed by Cisco in 2013 to more efficiently route traffic with fewer protocols. The document outlines the problems with traditional routing methods and aims to study Segment Routing through research papers to understand why it is better for large networks and how it can control packet paths more than other methods.

Uploaded by

mohammed melad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

1 INTRODUCTION:
Most routing protocols are used to provide the shortest routing
path at the lowest cost, and applications in these days require
fast routing, and when a network fails the backup path should
be ready for use immediately.
Previously, service provider networks routed traffic by
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) It is a call relay system. It
sends all information, including different service kinds such as
data, video, and voice, in small fixed-size packets known as
cells. The network is connection-oriented, and cells are
transmitted asynchronously.
After a while, the frame relay (FR) was created, what has
shown to be a very successful wide area networking (WAN).
The FR continued until Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
appeared and provided a traffic routing function and a
powerful tunneling mechanism, but at a time when networks
have become evolve towards application centric platforms,
Operators now require a network architecture that is more
flexible, yet scalable, and easy to operate. In addition to the
fact that network operators want to design simpler networks
with less complexity and cost.
Segment Routing (SR) it helps network operators achieve
these goals by offering ways to route traffic innovatively and
using fewer protocols to run the network.
1.2 BACKGROUND:
Previously, provider networks operated with (ATM),
- ATM is a technology that can be regarded an extension of
packet switching and has some roots in the development of
broadband ISDN in the 1970s and 1980s. Each cell is 53 bytes
long, with a header of 5 bytes and a payload of 48 bytes. To
make an ATM call, you must first send a message to establish a
connection.
Following that, all cells take the identical route to their
destination.
It can deal with both constant and variable rate traffic. As a
result, it can carry a variety of traffic types while maintaining
high quality of service from beginning to end.
ATM does not require a transmission channel; it can be sent
over a wire or fiber by itself, or it can be bundled into the
payload of other carrier systems. With virtual circuits, ATM
networks use "packet" or "cell" switching. Its design makes
high-performance multimedia networking easier to
implement .

- At the beginning of the 1990s Frame Relay service was


introduced, which is a Layer 2 protocol that allows multiple
data connections (called virtual circuits) to be multiplexed onto
a single physical link. Error correction in Frame Relay is handled
through upper-layer protocols. Only the link between a router
and a service provider's local access switching equipment is
defined by Frame Relay. The data transmission within the
Frame Relay cloud of the service provider is not specified.
Packets are mapped to outward ports on the service provider's
switch using a connection identification. When a frame is
received by the switch, it is mapped to the appropriate
outgoing port using a lookup table. Before the frame is sent,
the full path to the destination is defined.
- In the 1990s, MPLS was introduced by The Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) introduced it in order to make the
Internet more scalable, fast, adaptive to new routing
mechanisms, and manageable. MPLS use TE to distribute
network traffic over unequal route links. Packets are first
encapsulated by assigning labels at the ingress router, and then
forwarded via label switched paths. The label is removed at the
egress router, and the packet is delivered to the destination.
MPLS is also known as Layer 2.5 technology. It enables easy
construction of the explicit routes for a specific source or a
service

- in the 2013 Cisco Systems and its partners developed a new


technology they call Segment routing, to efficiently forward
traffic in MPLS networks With little to no changes, segment
routing can be implemented on top of OSPF, IS-IS, MPLS, and
IPv6 configurations. By reducing the number of protocols
required, it simplifies the network and allows it to scale much
more efficiently than MPLS networks. Segment routing also
makes IPv6 more important, and it's the next step in making
networks more scalable.
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENTS:
The traditional networks and routing methods have some
problems or limitations, which are:
1-It only choose the shortest path and doesn’t support multiple
ways to construct another forwarding path.
2- Scalability issue with increase in network state, especially
with RSVP-TE.
3- Managing and running multiple protocols and how they
interact with each other causes a bit of complexity.
4-Demolishing Revenue/Cost ratio.

1.4 AIM & OBJECTIVES:


The aim of this project is to study the segment routing, and
make a survey of Research Activities, Standardization and Use
Cases By studying research papers.

1.5 LITERATURE REVIEW:


Ch2?

1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION:


• Why is Segment Routing better for large networks?
• Why Segment Routing will be necessary in the near
future?
• How segment routing can control the path of packets
in the network more than other routing methods?
Through this research we will answer these questions in the
next chapters.
1.7 METHODOLGY:
This section will briefly discuss the projects methodology and
how the work was completed, the following tasks have been
carried out in the work presented in the document:
1. Collection of Data and information about segment
routing.
2. Collection of information about the other routing
techniques.
3. Studying in detail about segment routing, study benefits
and features of the technique.
4. Comparison between segment routing and the other
techniques and study properties.

1.8 SCOPE & LIMITATION:


The scope of the project will focus on segment routing and make survey
from research papers and Libyan ISPs company's.

1.9 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1:


This chapter addresses the introduction to the project and background,
and explains the nature of the problem, aim & objectives, the Scope of
the project and Methodology.

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