6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

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CLASS 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
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NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9

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Social Science Class 10 Important Questions

Geography Chapter 1 Resources and
Development
October 1, 2019 by Sastry CBSE

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

Social
CLASSScience
6 7 8 9Class
10 111012Important
CBSE
WORKSHEET Questions UPDATES
CBSE ESSAY ON
MAHATMA
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GUIDE

Geography ChapterBOOKS 1 Resources

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BOOKS and Development
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SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Question 1.
What do you understand by a ‘Resource’? Give examples. (2015)
CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH
Answer:
Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It
should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be
termed as a ‘Resource’. Examples are: minerals, forests, fossil fuels etc..

Question 2.
“Resources are a function of human activities.” Justify this statement.
Answer:
Mere presence of resources, as free gifts of nature, does not make them resources. Human beings are
essential components of resources because they transform material available in our environment into
resources. The utility of resources depends on the stage of cultural development of man and the tools and
technology used by him.

Question 3.
Write the classi cation of resources on four different bases. (2015)
Answer:
Resources can be classi ed in the following four ways:
(a) On the basis of Origin:

Biotic
Abiotic

(b) On the basis of exhaustibility:

Renewable
Non-renewable

(c) On the basis of ownership:

Individual (Personal)
Community
National
International

(d) On the basis of status and development:

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

Potential
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Developed NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
Reserve BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Stock

CBSE SAMPLE
Question 4. PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH

Explain the classi cation of resources on the basis of origin and give one example of each.
Answer:
On the basis of origin, resources can be classi ed as Biotic and Abiotic.
Biotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere. They have life or are living resources, e.g., human beings,
sheries, forests, etc.

Abiotic Resources include all non-living things, e.g., rocks and minerals.

Question 5.
Classify the resources on the basis of exhaustibility and give two examples of each.
Answer:
On the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classi ed as: Renewable and Non-renewable.

Renewable Resources. The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical and
mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources, e.g., water, wildlife, forests, solar
energy, wind energy etc.

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Non-renewable Resources. The resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long
geological period of time, i.e., millions of years in their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil fuels etc.

Question 6.
Write two types of renewable resources and give one example of each type.
Answer:
Two types of renewable resources are as follows:

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

1. Continuous
CLASS 6 or 7 Flow8 Resources,
9 10 e.g.,
11wind12andWORKSHEET
water resources. ESSAY ON
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2. Biological Resources, e.g., natural NCERT
vegetationSCHOOL
(forests) and wildlife.
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BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Question 7.
Write two characteristics of non-renewable resources and write their two broad categories with examples.
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Answer: LAKHMIR SINGH

Two characteristics of non-renewable resources:

1. They cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.

2. They take millions of years in their formation.

Two broad categories of non-renewable resources:

1. Recyclable resources, e.g., metals.

2. Non-recyclable resources, e.g., fossil fuels.

Question 8.
Give any two examples of non-renewable resources. (2015)
Answer:
Non-renewable resources are resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long
geological period of time, i.e., millions of years, in their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil fuels, etc.

Question 9.
Explain four types of resources based on ownership and give one example of each type. (2014)
Answer:
On the basis of ownership, there are four types of resources:

1. Individual Resources. Resources, which are owned privately by individuals, e.g., farmers own
pieces of land or houses. Plantation, pasture lands, water in wells are some resources owned by
individuals.
2. Community Owned Resources. These resources are accessible to all the members of the community,
e.g., village ponds, public parks, playgrounds in urban areas are accessible to all the residents of that
area.
3. National Resources. All the resources within the political boundary of a nation including the territorial
water (oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast) extending into the ocean and resources
therein belong to the nation, e.g., all minerals, forests, wildlife, water resources, land etc.
4. International Resources. There are international institutions which own and regulate some resources,
e.g., The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean
and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.

Question 10.
Distinguish between the following:
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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

1. Potential
CLASS and
6 Developed
7 8 Resources;
9 CBSE
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2. Stock and Reserves. NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
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Answer:
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
1. Potential Resources. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised, e.g.r Gujarat and
Rajasthan have a lot of potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far they have not
CBSE
been SAMPLEfully.
developed PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH

Developed Resources. Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined
for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility, e.g., water
resources used for hydel power generation or irrigation purposes.

2. Stock. Materials in the environment, which have the potential to satisfy human needs but man does not
have the appropriate technology to access them are included among stock, e.g. water is a compound of
two in ammable gases: hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich Source of energy. But we do not
have the required technical know-how to use them for this purpose. Reserves. Reserves are the subset of
the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their full use has
been postponed for meeting the future needs, e.g., forest reserves, iron-ore reserves, water in the dams etc.

Question 11.
Name the categories under which natural resources can be grouped on the basis of state of development.
Answer:

1. Potential Resources
2. Developed Resources
3. Stock
4. Reserves.

Question 12.
How are natural resources important for man? Give ve points.
Answer:
Importance of resources for man:

1. Resources are vital for human survival.

2. They are important for maintaining the quality of life as man has been using the bio-physical
environment to satisfy his needs.
3. Natural resources form the backbone of the economy of a nation.
4. These are the bases for economic strength and prosperity of the people.
5. They provide material, energy and favourable conditions for development.

Question 13.
List the problems which resulted due to indiscriminate use of resources by man.
Answer:

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

1. It CLASS
has resulted
6 7 in depletion
8 9 of10
many11resources. CBSE
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2. Accumulation of resources in few NCERT
hands which, in turn, divided
SCHOOL CBSE the society in two segments, i.e., haves
and have-nots or rich and poor. BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
3. It has led to the global ecological crisis, e.g., global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental
pollution, land degradation, etc.
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Question 14.
“Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence.” Discuss.
Answer:
Sustainable existence is a component of sustainable development which aims at development without
damaging the environment and at the same time conserving for future generation. Therefore, resource
planning is necessary for judicious, rational and equitable distribution and proper utilisation of resources. It
has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace.

Question 15.
What do you understand by ‘sustainable economic development’?
Answer:
Sustainable economic development means that ‘development should take place without damaging the
environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of future generation.’

Question 16.
Why is ‘Resource Planning’ necessary? Give reasons.
Answer:
Planning is necessary for proper and judicious utilisation of resources.
Reasons for resource planning:

1. Resource availability is not the same in all parts of the country.

2. Resources, especially non-renewable resources, need extra care as they Cannot be renewed.
3. There is acute shortage or de ciency of some resources.
4. Resource planning helps in proper utilisation of resources by reducing wastage. It takes care of future
needs and may sustain the environment.

Question 17.
“India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.” Name four varied regions to justify this
statement.
Answer:
There are regions which are rich or self-su cient in certain types of resources and there are areas that are
de cient or have acute shortage of some vital resources.
For example:

1. The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
2. Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

3. Rajasthan
CLASS 6 is 7
very well
8 endowed
9 10 with
11solar
12and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
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4. The cold desert area of Ladakh has very richSCHOOL
NCERT cultural heritage.
CBSE It is de cient in water, infrastructure
and some vital minerals. BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Such cases call for balanced resource planning at different levels.

CBSE SAMPLE
Question 18. PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH

Explain three stages of ‘resource planning.’ (2015)

Answer:
Three stages of resource planning:

1. Identi cation and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying,
mapping and the qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
2. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for
implementing resource development plAnswer:
3. Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plAnswer:

Question 19.
“Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources in a country like India”. Justify this
statement with two relevant points and an example. (2013)
Answer:
India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. Through planning, regions which have shortage
of vital resources and those having adequate quantities, receive equal attention.

1. There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are de cient in some other
resources.
For example: Arunachal has abundance of water but lacks in infrastructural development.
2. There are some regions which can be considered self su cient in terms of availability of resources.
For example: The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and
coal deposits.
3. There are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.
For example: The state of Rajasthan is well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water
resources.

Question 20.
Write four factors which determine resource development in a region.
Answer:
Four factors involved in the development of resources are:

1. Availability of resources
2. Level of technology
3. Quality of human resources
4. Historical experiences of the people
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Question 21. 6
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What do you understand by ‘conservation of
NCERT resources’?
SCHOOL Why is it
CBSE necessary to conserve our resources?
Give three reasons. BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Answer:
Conservation is judicious and planned use of natural resources for sustainable bene t to the present
CBSE SAMPLE
generation. It alsoPAPERS
maintains a LAKHMIR
potential SINGH
to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations.
Three reasons for conservation:

1. Our resources are limited in nature, therefore they have to be frugally used.
2. Many of the resources are non-renewable in nature, therefore extra care has to be taken.
3. Their conservation is necessary for our own sustenance and for the ongoing economic
developmental processes.

Question 22.
Explain the concept of resource conservation as voiced by Gandhiji. (2012)
Or
Whom did Gandhiji make responsible for the depletion of resources at the global level?
Answer:
Gandhiji voiced his concern about resource conservation in these Words: “There is enough far everybody’s
need and not for anybody’s greed.” He placed the greedy and sel sh individuals as the root cause for
resource depletion at the global level. He was against ‘mass production’ and wanted to replace it with
‘production by the masses’.

1. Indiscriminate use of resources by human beings has led to the depletion of resources for satisfying
the greed of few individuals.
2. Irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources leads to socio-economic and environmental
problems.

Question 23.
Write four institutional efforts made at global level for ‘resource conservation’.
Answer:

1. At the international level, the Club of Rome advocated resource conservation for the rst time in a
more systematic way in 1968.
2. In 1974, the Gandhian Philosophy was presented once again by Schumacher in his book “Small is
Beautiful”.
3. Brundtland Commission Report in 1987, introduced the concept of ‘sustainable development’ and
advocated it as a means for resource conservation. This was subsequently published in a book
entitled “Our Common Future”.
4. In June 1992, the rst ‘International Earth Summit’ was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in which 100
heads of States met for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic
development at the global level.
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Question 24. 6
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Write the major features of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit,
NCERT SCHOOL1992.CBSE
Answer: BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9

1. In 1992,100 heads of States met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the rst ‘International Earth Summit’.
CBSE
2. TheSAMPLE
summitPAPERS LAKHMIR
was convened SINGH urgent problems of:
for addressing
environmental protection and
socio-economic development at global level.

3. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and the Biological Diversity.
4. The Rio convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted ‘Agenda 21’ for achieving
sustainable development in the 21st century. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage,
poverty and diseases through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared
responsibilities.

Question 25.
“The future generation may not have su cient resources as compared to the present generation”. Justify
the statement by giving suitable examples. (2012)
Or
Why is the issue of sustainability relevant for development?
Answer:
Present sources of energy in India are coal, petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, wind energy, hydel power,
electricity, wood for re, cow dung etc. Most of these are non-renewable sources of energy which may get
exhausted after some time. These are available in limited quantities. The present rate of consumption is
higher than the rate at which these resources are being replenished and should be preserved for our future
generations.

In fty years’ time, India may depend largely on non-conventional sources of energy which are available in
abundance such as solar energy, hydel energy, wind energy etc. The total hydel power potential in India is
estimated at 1,50,000 MW of which only one-sixth has been developed so far.

1. Development of a country needs to be continuous. Every country would like to have the level of
development go up further.
2. Many scientists have warned that the present levels of development cannot be sustained for the
future as the present rate of consumption of both renewable and non-renewable resources is very
high. Rapid industrialisation has led to environment degradation.
3. Sustainability development aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same
time conserving for the future.
4. Sustainability of development is essential not only for the present generation but also for future
generations to ensure a good life.

Land Resources
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Question 26. 6
CLASS 7 8 9 10 11 12 WORKSHEET
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MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
Why is land as a resource important forNCERT
us? Write SCHOOL
four points. CBSE
BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
Answer:
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9

1. 95% of our basic needs of food, clothing and shelter are derived from land.
CBSE
2. WeSAMPLE PAPERS
live on land and use itLAKHMIR SINGH
in different ways, e.g. for agriculture, for transport and communication
systems, etc.
3. We perform our economic activities on land.
4. It supports natural vegetation, wildlife and human life.

Question 27.
Why land-use should be done in a planned manner? Write two points.
Answer:

1. Land is a xed asset.

2. As land is used for varied purposes and activities and for human sustenance, therefore it is important
to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning.

Question 28.
Look at the picture and name three major relief features of India and their respective share in the total area.
Answer:
Three major relief features:
1. Plains — 43%
2. Mountains — 30%
3. Plateaus — 27%

Question 29.
Name the relief feature occupying the largest area, along with its percentage share in the total area.

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Answer:CLASS 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 WORKSHEET
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Plains occupy the largest area having 43% share inSCHOOL
NCERT the total area.
CBSE
BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Question 30.
Name three main relief features of India and write the importance of each.
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Answer: LAKHMIR SINGH

Relief Features Their Importance /Uses

(i) provide facilities for agriculture.

(ii) provide facilities for industrial development.

1. Plains
(iii) because of their level, nature and ease of construction, plains support huge

population of the country.

(i) ensure perennial ow of some rivers and many rivers rise from them.

(ii)     provide facilities for tourism.

2. Mountains
(iii)    are important from ecological point of view, e.g. have lot of forest wealth and
wildlife.

(i)     possess rich reserves of minerals.

(ii)     contain lot of fossil fuels, especially coal.

3. Plateaus

(iii)    possess rich forest cover.

Question 31.
Look at the picture and explain the land-use pattern in India. Why has land under forest not increased much
since 1960-61?

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NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
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NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9

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Answer:
The major land-use categories and their percentage share is:

1. Net sown area, where regular agriculture is done — 43.41%.

2. Forests, 22.57% of the total land is covered by forests.
3. Barren and waste land — 6.29%.
4. Area under non-agricultural use — 7.92%.
5. Permanent pastures and grazing land — 3.45%.
6. Area under miscellaneous tree crops and groves — 1.1%.
7. Culturable waste land — 4.41 %
8. Fallows other than current fallows — 3.82%
9. Current fallow – 7.03%

The land under forests has increased marginally by about 4.46%. From 18.11% in 1960-61, it is still only
22.57% which is far lower than the desired 33% as outlined by the National Forest Policy (1952).

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Reasons for marginal

CLASS 6 7 increase
8 9 in forest
10 area:
11 12
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WORKSHEET MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
1. increasing population
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
2. technological developments
3. expansion of agriculture
CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS
4. development of transportLAKHMIR SINGH
and communication facilities
5. overgrazing
6. felling of trees

All these exert great pressure on land thus causing further depletion of forests.

Question 32.
Distinguish between each of the following:
(a) Current fallow and other than current fallow land
(b) Waste-land and culturable waste-land
(c) Net sown area and gross cropped area.
Answer:
(a) Current fallow land. Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year.
Other than current fallow land. Land left uncultivated for the past one to ve agricultural years.
(b) Waste land. It includes rocky, arid and desert areas which are lying waste at the moment. Culturable
waste land. Arable land which is left uncultivated for more than ve agricultural years.
(c) Net Sown Area. It is the total area under cultivation.
Gross Cropped Area. Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area.

Question 33.
What do you understand by ‘reported area’? What is the reported area of India and why? Give two major
reasons.
Answer:
The percentage of total area for which land-use statistics (data) are available, is termed as ‘reported area’.
India’s reported area is 93%.
Reasons:

Because the land-use reporting for most of the north-eastern states, except Assam, has not been
done.
Some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have not been surveyed.

Question 34.
Write three physical and three human factors which determine the use of land.
Answer:
Physical Factors:

Topography
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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

Climate
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Soil types NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
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NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Human Factors:

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Population density LAKHMIR SINGH

Technological capability
Culture and traditions

Question 35.
Why are the other than current fallow-lands cultivated once or twice in about two to three years? Give two
reasons.
Answer:
Two reasons are:

1. These lands may be of poor quality.

2. The cost of cultivation of such lands is very high.

Question 36.
“The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another.”
Or
Name two states having high net sown area and two states having low net sown area. Give two reasons for
each.
Answer:
Punjab and Haryana are two states, which have more than 80% of their total area as N.S.A. (Net Sown Area)
because:

1. They are agriculturally rich States because of favourable climatic conditions for the growth of crops
and levelled fertile nature of land.
2. Irrigation facilities are well-developed here.

States with low N.S.A. i.e., less than 10% are Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram because:

1. The nature of land is hilly and forested, therefore availability of arable land is less.
2. Economic backwardness and climatic conditions also do not encourage large scale agricultural
activities.

Question 37.
According to National Forest Policy, how much of the country’s area should be under forest cover and why?
Give two considerations for this norm. Have we been able to meet this norm?
Answer:

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

According to National
CLASS 6 7 Forest
8 Policy,
9 1033%11
of the12
country’s total area should
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ONunderCBSE
forest cover.
CBSE
WORKSHEET MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
Reasons: NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
1. It is considered essential for the maintenance of ecological balance.
2. The livelihood of millions of people who live on the fringe of these forests depends on these forests.
CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH

We have 22.57% area under forests which is far lower than the desired 33% of geographical area, as
outlined by National Forest Policy.

Question 38.
What is land degradation? What is the area of degraded land in India? Name four types of waste-lands and
their percentage share respectively.
Answer:
Damage to the land, bringing down its quality is called land degradation.
Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and
manage it, results in land degradation. India has 130 million hectares of degraded land.
Four categories of waste-lands:

1. Water eroded area .. 56%

2. Forest degraded area .. 28%
3. Wind eroded area .. 10%
4. Saline and Alkaline land .. 6%

Question 39.
Write six human activities which have caused land degradation.
Answer:

1. Deforestation
2. Overgrazing
3. Mining activities — mining sites are abandoned after excavation leaving deep scars and traces of
over-burdening.
4. Mineral processing produces large quantities of dust in the atmosphere, which on settling down on
land, retards the process of in ltration of water into the soil.
5. Over-irrigation leads to waterlogging which increases salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
6. Industrial e uents — such wastes cause land and water pollution.

Question 40.
Which factor is mainly responsible for maximum land degradation in India? (2015)
Answer:
Over-grazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. States where over-grazing has resulted in
land degradation are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

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Question 41. 6
CLASS 7 8 9 10 11 12 WORKSHEET
CBSE ESSAY ON CBSE CBSE
MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
Distinguish between biotic and abiotic resources
NCERT by stating
SCHOOL four points.
CBSE
Answer: BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Difference between biotic and abiotic resources

CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH

Biotic resources Abiotic resources

(i) The resources which are obtained from biosphere (i) All those things which are composed of nonliving

are biotic resources. things are called abitoic resources.

(ii) They have life. (ii) They do not have life.

(iii) These include ora and fauna, sheries, livestock, (iii) These incoude rocks, metals, land, air, mountains,
human beings, etc. rivers, etc.

(iv) Minerals such as coal and petroleum are included

(iv) Minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver, etc.
in this category because they were formed from
come in this category.
decayed organic matter.

Question 42.
Name three states each in which land degradation is caused due to

1. over-irrigation
2. over-grazing
3. deforestation due to mining activities

Answer:

1. Three states where over-irrigation has resulted in land degradation are Punjab, Haryana and Western
Uttar Pradesh.
2. Due to over-grazing. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
3. Deforestation due to mining activities has led to land degradation in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya
Pradesh.

Question 43.
Write some measures/ways to solve problems of land degradation. (2014)
Answer:
Measures to conserve land:

1. Afforestation.

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

2. Proper
CLASSmanagement
6 7 8 of grazing
9 10 to control
11 12over-grazing.
CBSE ESSAY ON CBSE CBSE
WORKSHEET MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
3. Planting of shelter belts of plants. NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
BOOKS
4. Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing BOOKS
thorny bushes. SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
5. Control of mining activities.
6. Proper discharge and disposal of industrial e uents and wastes after treatment.
CBSE SAMPLE
7. Proper PAPERS of waste-lands
management LAKHMIR SINGH

8. Avoid over-irrigation, especially in dry areas.

9. Avoid overuse of fertilisers and pesticides.

Soil As A Resouce

Question 44.
What is soil? How is it an important resource for us?
Answer:
Soil is the uppermost layer of the earth’s crust which is loose, fragmented and ne. It is rich in both organic
(humus) and inorganic materials and supports plant growth.
Soil is a living system. It takes millions of years to form soil upto a few cm in depth.
It is an important resource because:

It is the medium of plant growth.

It supports different types of living organisms on earth.

Question 45.
Write the main factors responsible for soil formation.
Answer:
Soil is a living system. It takes millions of years to form soil up to a few centimeters in depth.
Factors responsible for soil formation are:

1. Parent rock or bed rock on which the soils are formed, disintegrate and decompose under the process
of weathering and erosion.
2. Climate: It determines the rate of weathering.
3. Relief, vegetation, other forms of life and time are other important factors in the formation of soils.
4. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers,
activities of decomposers etc. also contribute to the formation of soil.
5. Chemical and organic changes which take place in soil, also play a role in its formation.

Question 46.
Write four factors which are responsible for varied types of soils in India.
Answer:
Factors:

1. Varied relief features

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

2. Varied
CLASS land
6 forms
7 8 9 10
CBSE
11
ESSAY ON
12
CBSE CBSE
WORKSHEET MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
3. Varied climatic realms NCERT SCHOOL CBSE
4. Varied vegetation types. BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9

Question 47.
OnCBSE
what SAMPLE
basis arePAPERS
soils classi LAKHMIR SINGH types?
ed into different
Answer:
Basis of classi cation of soils:

1. Colour
2. Thickness
3.  Texture
4. Age
5. Chemical and physical properties
6. Factors responsible for soil formation.

Question 48.
Name six types of soils found in India. Which is the most widely spread soil? Name one major region where
it is found.
Answer:

1. Alluvial soil
2. Red and yellow soil
3. Black soil
4. Laterite soil
5. Arid soil
6. Forest and mountainous soils

Alluvial soil is the most widely spread soil.

The entire northern plains are made of alluvial soil.

Question 49.
Write three regional/local names of areas where you nd coarse alluvial soil and name one deltaic area
which has ne alluvial soil.
Answer:
Coarse alluvial soil is more common in piedmont plains such as Duars, Chos and Terai.
Fine alluvial soil is found in the eastern coastal plains in the deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and
Kaveri rivers.

Question 50.
Classify alluvial soils on the basis of their age. Write two characteristics of each.

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

Answer:CLASS 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 WORKSHEET
CBSE ESSAY ON CBSE CBSE
MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
According to their age, alluvial soils are of two
NCERT types: Bangar
SCHOOL and Khadar.
CBSE
BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Bangar Khadar

CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH

(i) It is old alluvial soil. (i) It is new alluvial soil.

(ii) It has higher concentration of ‘kankar’ nodules. (ii) It has more ne particles.

(iii) It is more fertile than ‘Bangar’ and is found in

(iii) It is coarser and is found in the old river terraces.
ood plains.

Question 51.
Write the main characteristics of alluvial soils.
Answer:

1. Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. They consist of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
2. They contain adequate proportion of potash, lime and phosphoric acid. They are ideal for the growth
of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
3. Due to its high fertility, regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and are densely populated.
4. Soils in the drier areas are more alkaline and can be productive after proper treatment and irrigation.

Question 52.
Give the distribution of alluvial soils in brief.
Answer:
The entire northern plains are made up of alluvial soils.

These have been deposited by three important Himalayan river systems

the Indus. Ganga and Brahmaputra.
These soils also extend into Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor.
These are also found in the eastern coastal plains in the deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna
and Kaveri rivers.

Question 53.
Write two factors which are responsible for the formation of black soils. Name four States where they are
found. Name the crop mainly grown in it.
Answer:
Two factors are:

1. The climatic conditions

2. The parent rock material.
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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

Four states
CLASSin 6which
7 black
8 soils
9 are10
found
11are: 12
Maharashtra,
CBSEGujarat, Madhya
ESSAY ONPradesh and Chhattisgarh.
CBSE CBSE
WORKSHEET MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
Black soil is ideal for growing cotton andNCERT
is also called
SCHOOLblack cotton
CBSEsoil.
BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Question 54.
Write six characteristics of regur soils (black soils). (2015)
CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS
Answer: LAKHMIR SINGH

1. They are made up of extremely ne, i.e. clayey material.

2. They have capacity to hold moisture that makes them ideal for growing cotton.
3. They are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
4. These soils are generally poor in phosphoric contents.
5. They develop deep cracks during dry hot weather, which helps in the proper aeration of soil.
6. These soils are sticky when wet and di cult to work unless tilled immediately after the rst shower.

Question 55.
Give the distribution of black/regur Soil. (2015)
Answer:
This soil is typical of the Deccan Trap region.

It is spread over north west Deccan plateau and is made up of lava ows.
This soil covers the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh
and extends along the Godavari and Krishna Valleys.

Question 56.
In what broad category do the soils of Maharashtra fall? (2014)
Answer:
Black soil region also known as regur soils.

Question 57.
What is regur soil? Write its two features. Mention any two regions where regur soil is found.
Answer:
Regur soil is soil which is made up of extremely ne, i.e., clayey material.
Features:

1. They have capacity to hold moisture that makes them ideal for growing cotton.
2. They are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
3. These soils are generally poor in phosphoric contents.
4. They develop deep cracks during dry hot weather, which helps in the proper aeration of soil.
5. These soils are sticky when wet and di cult to work unless tilled immediately after the rst shower.

Regions where regur soil is found:

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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

1. This soil6is typical

CLASS 7 of
8 the9Deccan
10 Trap
11 region.
12
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WORKSHEET MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
2. It is spread over north west Deccan plateau SCHOOL
NCERT and is made CBSE
up of lava ows.
BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
3. This soil covers the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
and extends along the Godavari and Krishna Valleys.

CBSE SAMPLE
Question 58. PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH

Write the distribution of red and yellow soils. Give reasons for their colour.
Or
How does red soil develop and in which part of India? What makes it look red and yellow?
Answer:
In Eastern and Southern parts of Deccan plateau, red soils have developed on crystalline igneous rocks in
areas of low rainfall. They are also found in parts of Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Southern parts of the middle
Ganga Plains and along the piedmont zone of Western Ghats.

These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks
yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.

Question 59.
Write four characteristics of laterite soils. Why are they called laterite?
Answer:

1. They are highly leached soils.

2. They develop in areas of heavy rainfall and high temperature.
3. They have low ‘humus’ content, because most of the micro-organisms particularly decomposers like
bacteria get destroyed due to high temperature.
4. These soils can be cultivated with adequate doses of manure and fertilisers.
The word laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘late/ which means brick. Since their colour is
red and resembles brick colour, these soils are called laterite soils.

Question 60.
Write six states which have laterite soils and name the important crops which grow well in these soils.
Answer:
Six states in which laterite soils are found: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and the hilly
areas of Orissa and Assam.
Crops which grow well in these soils are: tea, coffee and cashew-nuts.

Question 61.
Write the main characteristics of arid soils. (2014)
Answer:

1. Arid soils range from red to brown in colour.

2. They have a sandy texture.
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6/11/2020 Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development - Learn CBSE

3. They are6saline
CLASS 7 in nature.
8 9 In areas
10 where salt content
11 12 CBSEin high, common salt is obtained
ESSAY ON CBSE by evaporation.
CBSE
WORKSHEET MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
4. Arid soil lacks humus and is moisture
NCERTde cient.
SCHOOL CBSE
BOOKS
5. The lower horizons of the soil have BOOKS ofSYLLABU
kankars because high calcium content which restrict in ltration
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
of water.
6. Proper irrigation helps make these soils cultivable, e.g., Western Rajasthan.
CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS LAKHMIR SINGH

Question 62.
Write the main features of forest soils. What are the different types of soils found in the hilly forested areas?
Answer:
Forest soils are mainly found in the hilly and mountainous areas where su cient rain forests are available.
The soil texture varies according to the mountain environment where they are formed. At least four types of
soils can be seen in the hilly forested areas:

1. They are loamy and silty in valley sides.

2. They are coarse grained in upper slopes.
3. They are highly denuded, acidic with low humus content in the snow covered areas.
4. They are very ne and fertile in lower parts of the valley and on river terraces.

Question 63.
What is soil erosion? Write the main causes of soil erosion.
Answer:
The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.

The process of soil formation and erosion goes on simultaneously and generally there is a balance between
the two. This balance is sometimes disturbed, leading to soil erosion. The main activities like deforestation,
over-grazing, construction and mining and also natural agents like wind, running water and glacier are the
main causes of soil erosion.

Question 64.
Explain three types of soil erosion mostly observed in India. Mention human activities that are responsible
for soil erosion. (2012)
Answer:

1. Gully erosion
The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels,
called gullies. They make the land un t for cultivation. Such lands are called ‘Badlands’.
2. Sheet erosion
Sometimes water ows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. In this case top layer of the soil is
washed away.
3. Wind erosion
Wind blows off loose and dry soil from at and sloping land causing erosion.

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Question 65. 6
CLASS 7 8 9 10 11 12 WORKSHEET CBSE CBSE CBSE
ESSAY ON
MAHATMA GUIDE UPDATES
Write the land area degraded by gully erosion
NCERTand SCHOOL
name ve states
CBSEwhere gully erosion is very pronounced.
Answer: BOOKS BOOKS SYLLABU
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Approximately 40 lakh hectares of land area has degraded due to gully erosion.
Five states where gully erosion is quite pronounced are: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan
andCBSE SAMPLE PAPERS
Gujarat. LAKHMIR SINGH

Question 66.
Write four methods of soil conservation.
Answer:
Methods of soil conservation:

1. Contour ploughing By ploughing along the contour lines, water will not run down the slopes.
2. Terrace cultivation Steps can be cut on the slopes to make terraces. This restricts erosion.
3. Strip cropping Large elds can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the
crops. This breaks the force of the wind.
4. Planting of shelter belts The planting of trees in rows to create shelter also breaks the force of the
wind and restricts soil erosion.
Shelter belts have helped in the stabilisation of sand dunes and deserts.

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions

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