Hangar A7 Atlas Rd,

Denel Industrial Properties

  Kempton Park
South Africa
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Hydraulic 
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
 AIRPLANE HYDRAULIC
OPERATIONS
MANUAL

SECTION 2-11

HYDRAULIC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Block Page

General .............................................................................. 2-11-05 ..01

System Description ............................................................ 2-11-05 ..02
EICAS Messages ............................................................... 2-11-05 ..05
Controls and Indicators ...................................................... 2-11-05 ..06

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HYDRAULIC AIRPLANE
OPERATIONS
MANUAL

THIS PAGE IS LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

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2-11-00 2 01 JANUARY 21, 2002
 AIRPLANE HYDRAULIC
OPERATIONS
MANUAL

GENERAL
The airplane is equipped with two independent hydraulic systems, each
powered by one engine driven-pump and one electric motor-driven
pump. Both hydraulic systems are identical, except for the services
each system provides and a priority valve installed in the hydraulic
system 1.
There are ground connections for refilling and ground tests purposes.
Indications of hydraulic system parameters are provided on the MFD
and EICAS displays.
The services provided by each hydraulic system are presented below:
SYSTEM HYDRAULIC POWER SUPPLY
Ailerons SYSTEM 1 and 2

Rudder SYSTEM 1 and 2

Landing Gear SYSTEM 1

Main door SYSTEM 1

Steering SYSTEM 1

Brakes (Outboard Wheels) SYSTEM 1

Brakes (Inboard Wheels) SYSTEM 2

Emergency/Parking Brake SYSTEM 2

Thrust Reverser 1 SYSTEM 1

Thrust Reverser 2 SYSTEM 2

Outboard Spoilers SYSTEM 2

Inboard Spoilers SYSTEM 1

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JANUARY 21, 2002 2-11-05 1 01

HYDRAULIC AIRPLANE
OPERATIONS
MANUAL

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Each hydraulic system consists of a hydraulic fluid reservoir, a
manifold, one engine-driven pump, one electric motor-driven pump,
one shutoff valve, one accumulator and a priority valve installed in the
hydraulic system 1.
RESERVOIR
The hydraulic fluid stored in the reservoir is pressurized, to avoid pump
cavitation. This pressurization function is performed by fluid drained
from the pressure line. The reservoir is equipped with a quantity
indicator which transmits information to the MFD and EICAS displays
for indication and warning purposes. A thermal switch is responsible
for the high temperature message, if the fluid temperature increases
above 90°C.
SHUTOFF VALVE
A shutoff valve is installed between the reservoir and the engine-driven
pump. It cuts the hydraulic fluid supply to the engine-driven pump, if
there is a fire on the related engine or in case of hydraulic fluid
overheat. This valve may be closed either through the engine fire
extinguishing handle or through a dedicated button on the overhead
panel.
ENGINE-DRIVEN PUMP
The engine-driven pump provides continuous fluid flow at 3000 psi for
operation of the various airplane hydraulically-powered systems. The
pump is connected to the engine accessory gearbox and, as long as
engine is running, it generates hydraulic pressure. During engine start,
the fluid remaining in the suction line is sufficient to avoid pump
cavitation and provide reservoir pressurization.
ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN PUMP
The electric motor-driven pump has the same connections as the
engine-driven pump, but has a lower flow capacity. The pump normally
operates in the automatic setting mode, turning on when the
associated hydraulic pressure drops below 1600 psi or the associated
engine N2 drops below 56.4%.
If the pump starts operating in the automatic mode, it will be turned off
after the pressure or N2 are reestablished to normal values. The
electric pump may be turned on at pilot command, through the selector
knob on the overhead panel, furnishing continuous fluid flow at 2900
psi.

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2-11-05 2 01 JANUARY 21, 2002
 AIRPLANE HYDRAULIC
OPERATIONS
MANUAL

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SCHEMATIC

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JANUARY 21, 2002 2-11-05 3 01

HYDRAULIC AIRPLANE
OPERATIONS
MANUAL

MANIFOLD
The manifold provides the following functions:
-Fluid filtering (pressure and return lines).
-Overpressure relief (main and electrical pumps).
-Pressure indications (main and electrical pumps).
Fluid leaving the pump flows to the manifold, where it is filtered and
then routed to the airplane systems. Inside the manifold, a check valve
prevents the fluid from returning to the pump, while a relief valve
diverts the excess fluid to the return line. The return line is supplied by
the fluid coming from the airplane systems, fluid drained from the
pump, fluid from the relief valve, and fluid refilled by the maintenance
personnel. Under any situation the fluid is filtered and returned to the
reservoir. The manifold incorporates two pressure switches to detect
low hydraulic pressure, and a pressure transducer to indicate system
pressure. Signals from the pressure switches and pressure transducer
are sent to the MFD and EICAS displays.
PRIORITY VALVE
The hydraulic system 1 incorporates a priority valve. If the system is
powered by the electric motor-driven pump and the landing gear is
commanded to retract, the valve will provide minimum flow to the
landing gear system and give priority to the flight control services. In
this case, the landing gear will operate through the accumulator
pressure.
ACCUMULATOR
Each hydraulic system has one accumulator. The function of the
accumulator is to keep the surges of the hydraulic pumps at a
minimum, and to keep a 3000 psi pressure available for operation of
the landing gear and main door (system 1) or operation of the
emergency parking brake (system 2).

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2-11-05 4 01 JANUARY 21, 2002
 AIRPLANE HYDRAULIC
OPERATIONS
MANUAL

EICAS MESSAGES
TYPE MESSAGE MEANING
HYD SYS 1 (2) FAIL Associated hydraulic system
is not pressurized (inhibited
when the airplane is on the
CAUTION ground, engine is shut down
and parking brake is
applied).
HYD SYS 1 (2) OVHT Associated hydraulic system
fluid temperature is above
90°C.
E1 (2) HYD PUMP FAIL Engine-driven pump is not
generating pressure with
associated engine running.
E1 (2) HYDSOV CLSD Associated hydraulic shutoff
valve is closed.
ADVISORY HYD1 (2) LO QTY Fluid level in the associated
reservoir is below one liter.
Report to the maintenance
personnel if the hydraulic
reservoir operates empty.
HYD PUMP SELEC OFF Associated electric pump
selected OFF with the
parking brake released.

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REVISION 30 2-11-05 5 01
HYDRAULIC AIRPLANE
OPERATIONS
MANUAL
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM PANEL
1- ENGINE PUMP SHUTOFF BUTTON (guarded)
− Closes (pressed) or opens (released) the associated engine
pump shutoff valve.
− A striped bar illuminates in the button to indicate that it is
pressed.
2- ELECTRIC HYDRAULIC PUMP CONTROL KNOB
OFF - Associated pump is turned off.
AUTO - Associated pump is kept in standby mode, ready to operate
if the engine-driven pump outlet pressure drops below 1600
psi or the associated engine N2 drops below 56.4%.
ON - Associated pump is turned on.

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2-11-05 6 01 REVISION 21
 AIRPLANE HYDRAULIC
OPERATIONS
MANUAL

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM PANEL

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JANUARY 21, 2002 2-11-05 7 01

HYDRAULIC AIRPLANE
OPERATIONS
MANUAL
HYDRAULIC PAGE ON MFD
1- FLUID QUANTITY INDICATION
− Ranges from zero to maximum hydraulic fluid quantity.
− Scale (horizontal line) and pointer:
− green when greater than 1 liter.
− amber when equal to or less than 1 liter.
− Pointer disappears if data is invalid.

2- PRESSURE INDICATION
− Ranges from 0 to 4000 psi, with a resolution of 100 psi.
− Digits:
− green from 1300 to 3300 psi.
− amber and boxed below 1300 and above 3300 psi.
− Digits are replaced by amber dashes if data is invalid.

3- ELECTRIC PUMP STATUS

− Indicated by the green label ON or OFF.

HYDRAULIC PAGE ON MFD

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2-11-05 8 01 JANUARY 21, 2002