Problem 1

Simply supported Beam subjected to concentrated loads

Compute the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam
shown in fig. and find the reactions at the supports. Assume rectangular
cross section area of 200mm*300mm and young’s Modulus E= 2e5
N/mm2

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam- 2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 200*300
Moment of Inertia = 200*300**3/12
Height = 300
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2E5
PRXY= 0 ------OK

4) Modeling
Nodal Method
Create
Nodes
In active CS
0 Apply
 1500 Apply
3000 Apply
4000 OK

Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes

Pick Node 1 and node 2 ---apply
Pick Node 2 and node 3 ---apply
Pick Node 3 and node 4 --- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick node no.1 and node no.4 ---- UX/UY -OKº

b) Force/ Moment Apply

Pick Node no.2 FY (-20,000) apply
Pick node no. 4 FY (-40,000) OK

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Undeformed --- DMX= 0.614583
2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component Of Displacement –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX= 0.614583
SMN= 0.614583

3) SFD Diagram Select SMIS2 and SMIS8

MIN= -22,000 ELEM 1
MAX= 37,500 ELEM 3

4) BMD Diagram Select SMIS6 and SMIS12

MIN= 0 ELEM 3
MAX= 0.375 E+08 ELEM 3
List Results:

1) Reaction Solution
Node FX FY MZ
1 0.0000 22,500
4 0.0000 37,500
Total values
Value 0.0000 60,000 0.0000

Problem 2
Simply supported Beam with uniformly distributed load

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam-2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 200*300
Moment of Inertia = 200*300**3/12
Height = 300
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2E5
PRXY= 0 ------OK

4) Modeling
Nodal Method
Create
Nodes
In active CS
0 Apply
4000 Apply
 6000 -- Ok
Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes
Pick Node 1 and node 2 ---apply
Pick Node 2 and node 3 ---OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick node no.1 and node no.3 ---- UX/UY -OK

b) Pressure (UDL- Uniformly Distributed Load)

Pressure= 12n/mm
Pressure
On Beams
Pick elements between nodes 1&2 Apply
Value Node I 12
Value Node J 12 - Ok

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

3) Deformed + Undeformed --- DMX= 1.694
4) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component Of Displacement –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX=1.694
SMN= -1.694

3) SFD Diagram Select SMIS2 and SMIS8

MIN= -32,000 ELEM 1
MAX= 16,000 ELEM 8

4) BMD Diagram Select SMIS6 and SMIS12

MIN= -596E-07 ELEM 7
MAX= 0.425 E+08 ELEM 6
List Results:
1) Reaction Solution
Node FX FY MZ
 1 0.0000 32000
3 0.0000 16000
Total values
Value 0.0000 48000 0.0000

Problem 3

Overhanging beam with UDL and point Load

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam-2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 14.7 in2
Moment of Inertia = 394 in4
Height = 12.19 in
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
 Linear
Elastic
Isotropic

Ex = 30E6
PRXY= 0.29 ------OK
4) Modeling
Key point Method
Create
Key points
In active CS
Total no. of key points 5
0, 48, 168, 204, 240 ok

Lines
Lines
Straight Line - Pick All ----Ok
Meshing
Mesh Tool
Global – Set
Mesh
No. of Element Divisions 5 ----OK
Pick all Lines – Ok
Plot: Lines
Plot Controls: Numbering
Key points numbers: on
Lines numbers: on
Node numbers: on
Element numbers: on ----- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
Pick Key Point no.2 UX/UY -OK
Key point no.4 UY - Ok

Force/ Moment
 Key point no.5 FY (-8000)
Pressure ( UDL- Uniformly Distributed Load)
On Beams
Value Node I 150
Value Node J 150 - Ok

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

5) Deformed + Undeformed --- DMX= 0.026015
6) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component Of Displacement –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX=0.026015
SMN= -0.026015
SMX= 0.11048
3) SFD Diagram Select SMIS2 and SMIS8
MIN= -10338 ELEM 5
MAX=7662 ELEM 9
4) BMD Diagram Select SMIS6 and SMIS12
MIN= -288000 ELEM 13
MAX=17708 ELEM 6
List Results:
1) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution – Y component of Displacement—
OK
Node UY
1 0.11048E-01
2 0.0000
3 0.89765E -02
4 0.67519E-02
5 0.39790E-02
6 -0.11676E-02
7 -0.15239E-01
8 -0.26015E-01
9 -0.24133E-01
10 0.0000
11 -0.74481E-02
12 -0.37794E-02
13 -0.11391E-02
 14 -0.96015E-02

2) Reaction Solution
Node FX FY MZ
2 0.0000 17538
10 0.0000 15662
Total values
Value 0.0000 33200 0.0000

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam-2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 200*300
Moment of Inertia = 200*300**3/12
Height = 300
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2E5
PRXY= 0 ------OK

4) Modeling
Nodal Method
Create
Nodes
In active CS
0 Apply
1000 Apply
2000 Apply
3000 Apply
4000 OK

Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes

Pick Node 1 and node 2 ---apply
Pick Node 2 and node 3 ---apply
Pick Node 3 and node 4 ---apply
Pick Node 4 and node 5 --- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick node no.1 ---- UX/UY -apply
and node no.5 ---- UY –OK (Roller Constrain)

b) Force/ Moment Apply

Pick Node no.2 = Fx= F Cos 60 = 100 x cos 60= -50 apply
Pick Node no.2 = Fy= F Sin 60 = 100 x Sin 60= -86.6 apply

Pick Node no.3 = Fx= F Cos 45 = 200 x cos 60= -141.42 apply
Pick Node no.3 = Fy= F Sin 45 = 200 x Sin 60= -141.42 apply

Pick Node no.4 apply= Fx= F Cos 30 = 300 x cos 60= -259.8
Pick Node no.4 apply= Fy= F Sin 30 = 300 x Sin 60= -150 ok

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Unreformed --- DMX= 0.004505
2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component Of
Displacement – OK
 Nodal Solution DMX= 0.614583
SMN= 0.614583
3) SFD Diagram Select SMIS2 and SMIS8
MIN= -173.16 ELEM 1
MAX= 204.86 ELEM 4

4) BMD Diagram Select SMIS6 and SMIS12

MIN= 0 ELEM 4
MAX= 259720 ELEM 3
List Results:
1) Reaction Solution
Node FX FY MZ
1 451.22 173.16

5 0.0000 204.86
Total values
Value 451.22 378.02 0.0000

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam-2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 0.2*0.3
Moment of Inertia = 0.2*0.3**3/12
Height = 0.3
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
 Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2E11
PRXY= 0 ------OK

4) Modeling
Nodal Method
Create
Nodes
In active CS
0 Apply
2 Apply
4 Apply
6 Apply
8 OK

Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes

Pick Node 1 and node 2 ---apply
Pick Node 2 and node 3 ---apply
Pick Node 3 and node 4 ---apply
Pick Node 4 and node 5 --- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick node no.1 ---- UX/UY -apply
and node no.4 ---- UX/UY -ok

Force/ Moment
Node no.2 MZ (-12,000)
Node no.3 and Node no.5 FY (-6000) -OK

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Unreformed --- 1

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component Of
Displacement – OK
Nodal Solution DMX=0.237E-03
SMN= -0.237E-03

3) SFD Diagram Select SMIS2 and SMIS8

MIN= -6000 ELEM 4
MAX= 8000 ELEM 3

4) BMD Diagram Select SMIS6 and SMIS12

MIN= -12000 ELEM 3
MAX= 8000 ELEM 2
List Results:
1) Reaction Solution
Node FX FY MZ
1 0.0000 -2000
4 0.0000 14000
Total values
Value 0.0000 12000 0.0000

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component Of

Displacement – OK
Node UY
1 0.0000
2 -0.88889E-04
3 -0.88889E-04
4 0.0000
5 -0.23704E-03
Maximum Absolute Values
Node 5
Value -0.23704E-03
 Problem 6(mtr)

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam-2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 0.2*0.3
Moment of Inertia = 0.2*0.3**3/12
Height = 0.3
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2E11
PRXY= 0 ------OK

4) Modeling
Nodal Method
Create
Nodes
In active CS
0 Apply
3 Apply
4.5 Apply
6 OK
Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes
Pick Node 1 and node 2 ---apply
Pick Node 2 and node 3 ---apply
Pick Node 3 and node 4 ---OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick node no.1 ---- UX/UY -apply
and node no.4 ---- UX/UY -ok

Force/ Moment
Node no.3 FY (-80000) -OK

b) Pressure (UVL- Uniformly Varying Load)

Pressure= 40Kn/m=40,000 n/m
Pressure
On Beams
Pick elements between nodes 1&2 Apply
Value Node I - 0
Value Node J – 40,000 - Ok

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Unreformed --- DMX= 0.00515

2) Contour plot- Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component of

Displacement – OK
Nodal Solution DMX=0.00515
SMN= 0.00515

3) SFD Diagram Select SMIS2 and SMIS8

MIN= -60000 ELEM 1
MAX= 80000 ELEM 3
 4) BMD Diagram Select SMIS6 and SMIS12
MIN= -116E-09 ELEM 3
MAX= 120000 ELEM 2
List Results:
1) Reaction Solution- All items
Node FX FY MZ
1 0.0000 60000
4 0.0000 80000
Total values
Value 0.0000 0.14000E+06 0.0000

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component Of

Displacement – OK

Node UY
1 0.0000
2 -0.51500E-02
3 -0.38250E-02
4 0.0000
Maximum Absolute Values
Node 2
Value -0.51500E-02

Problem no.7

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam-2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
 C/S Area = A = 60*90
Moment of Inertia = 60*90**3/12
Height = 90
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2E5
PRXY= 0 ------OK

4) Modeling
Key point Method
Create
Key points
In active CS
Total no. of key points 2
0 Apply
2000 ok

Lines
Lines
Straight Line - Pick All ----Ok
Meshing
Mesh Tool
Global – Set
Mesh
No. of Element Divisions 5 ----OK
Pick all Lines – Ok
Plot: Lines
Plot Controls: Numbering
Key points numbers: on
Lines numbers: on
Node numbers: on
Element numbers: on ----- OK

Loads: Define Loads

 Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick Key point no.1 ---- ALL DOF -OK

Force/ Moment
Key point no.2 FY (-4000) -OK

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Undeformed --- DMX= 14.632

2) Contour plot- Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component of

Displacement – OK
Nodal Solution DMX=14.632
SMN= -14.632

3) SFD Diagram Select SMIS2 and SMIS8

MIN= -4000 ELEM 4
MAX= -4000 ELEM 5

4) BMD Diagram Select SMIS6 and SMIS12

MIN= -0.800 E+07 ELEM 1
MAX= -0.298E-07 ELEM 5

5) Contour Plot- Stress – Von mess stress – Ok

DMX 14.632

List Results:
1) Reaction Solution- All items

Node FX FY MZ
1 0.0000 4000 0.80000E+07

Total values
Value 0.0000 4000 0.80000E+07

PROBEM NO.8

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam-2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 60*90
Moment of Inertia = 60*90**3/12
Height = 90
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2E5
PRXY= 0 ------OK

4) Modeling
Key point Method
Create
Key points
In active CS
Total no. of key points 2
0 Apply
2000 ok

Lines
 Lines
Straight Line - Pick All ----Ok
Meshing
Mesh Tool
Global – Set
Mesh
No. of Element Divisions 5 ----OK
Pick all Lines – Ok
Plot: Lines
Plot Controls: Numbering
Key points numbers: on
Lines numbers: on
Node numbers: on
Element numbers: on ----- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick Key point no.1 ---- ALL DOF -OK

Pressure (UDL- Uniformly Distributed Load)

On Beams
Value Node I 4
Value Node J 4 - Ok

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Unreformed --- DMX= 10.974

2) Contour plot- Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component of

Displacement – OK
Nodal Solution DMX= 10.974
SMN= -10.974

3) SFD Diagram Select SMIS2 and SMIS8

 MIN= -8000 ELEM 1
MAX= -.204E-09 ELEM 5

4) BMD Diagram Select SMIS6 and SMIS12

MIN= -800E+07 ELEM 1
MAX= .472E-07 ELEM 5

5) Contour Plot- Stress – Von mess stress – Ok

DMX = 10.974

List Results:
1) Reaction Solution- All items

Node FX FY MZ
1 0.0000 8000 0.80000E+07

Total values
Value 0.0000 4000 0.80000E+07

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Y Component Of

Displacement – OK

Node UY
1 0.0000
2 -10.974
3 -0.76671
4 -2.6689
5 -5.2148
6 -8.0534
Maximum Absolute Values
Node 2
Value -10.974
 Problems on Truss
Problem no.1
Two bar truss is shown in fig. Determine the nodal displacements and
stress in the members. Take E=210Gpa,A= 0.01m2

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Link - 2D Spar1
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 0.01 m2
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic

Ex = 210E9
PRXY= 0 ------OK
4) Modeling
Key point Method
Create
Key points
In active CS
(x-0, y-0) apply
(x-0, y-1) apply
(x-1, y-1) ok

Lines
 Lines
Straight Line - Pick Key point 2&3
Pick Key point 1&3 ----Ok
Meshing
Mesh Tool
Global – Set
Mesh
No. of Element Divisions 1 ----OK
Pick all Lines – 1-2, 2-3 OK
Plot: Lines
Plot Controls: Numbering
Key points numbers: on
Lines numbers: on
Node numbers: on
Element numbers: on ----- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
Pick Key Point no.1 UX/UY -OK
Key point no.2 UX/UY - Ok

Force/ Moment
Key point no.3 FY (-100000)

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Unreformed --- DMX= 0.188E-03

2) Contour plot- Nodal Solution – Stress- Von mises Stress –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX= 0.191E-03

3) Element Table- Define table- By sequence no. –LS1-OK

Plot Results-Contour Plot- Line Element Results-
Line stress
 LS1 LS1 -OK

MIN= -.141E+08 ELEM =1

MAX= .100E+08 ELEM =2

List Results:

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Displacement Vector sum

– OK

Node UX UY UZ USUM
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.47619E-04 -0.18231E-03 0.0000 0.18842E-03
3 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Maximum Absolute Values

Node 2 2 0 2
Value 0.47619E-04 -0.18231E-03 0.0000 0.18842E-03

Problem no.2: Consider the four bar truss shown in the figure. Take
E=29.5Mpa and A=1m2.Determine the deformation, maximum stress and
reaction forces
1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Link - 2D Spar 1
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 1 m2
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic

Ex = 29.5E6
PRXY= 0 ------OK
4) Modeling
Key point Method
Create
Key points
In active CS
(x-0, y-0) apply
(x-40, y-0) apply
(x-40, y-30) apply
(x-0,y-30) OK

Lines
Lines
Straight Line - Pick Key point 1&2
Pick Key point 2&3
Pick Key point 3&4 ----Ok
Meshing
Mesh Tool
Global – Set
Mesh
No. of Element Divisions 1 ----OK
Pick all Lines – 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 1-3 Ok
Plot: Lines
Plot Controls: Numbering
Key points numbers: on
 Lines numbers: on
Node numbers: on
Element numbers: on ----- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
Pick Key Point no.1 UX/UY -OK
Key point no.4 UX/UY – Ok
Key point no.2 UY -OK

Force/ Moment
Key point no.3 FY (-25,000)

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Unreformed --- DMX= 0.022952

2) Contour plot- Nodal Solution – Stress- Von mises Stress –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX= 0.022952

3) Element Table- Define table- By sequence no. –LS1-OK

Plot Results-Contour Plot- Line Element Results-

Line stress
LS1 LS1 -OK

MIN= -21875 ELEM= 2

MAX= 4167 ELEM =3
List Results:

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Displacement Vector sum

– OK

Node UX UY UZ USUM
 1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.56497E-02 -0.22246E-01 0.0000 0.22952E-01
4 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Maximum Absolute Values

Node 3 3 0 3
Value 0.56497E-02 0.22246E-01 0.0000 0.22952E-01

Problem no.3:Determine the force in each member of the following

truss. Indicate the if the member is in tension or compression. The
cross-section area of each member is 0.01m2,the Young’s modulus is
200X109N/m2 and poisson ratio is 0.3

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Link- 2D Spar1
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 0.01 m2
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic

Ex = 200E9
PRXY= 0.3 ------OK
4) Modeling
Key point Method
Create
Key points
In active CS
(x-0, y-0) apply
(x-0.75, y-1) apply
(x-0, y-1.4) OK

Lines
Lines
Straight Line - Pick Key point 1&2
Pick Key point 2&3
Pick Key point 1&3 ----Ok
Meshing
Mesh Tool
Global – Set
Mesh
No. of Element Divisions 1 ----OK
Pick all Lines – 1-2, 2-3, 1-3--- Ok
Plot: Lines

Plot Controls: Numbering

Key points numbers: on
Lines numbers: on
Node numbers: on
Element numbers: on ----- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
Pick Key Point no.1 UX (Roller) -OK
Key point no.3 UX/UY – Ok

Force/ Moment
Key point no.2 FY (-2800)
Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Unreformed --- DMX= 0.292E-05

2) Contour plot- Nodal Solution – Stress- Von mises Stress –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX= 0.292E-05

3) Element Table- Define table- By sequence no. –LS1-OK

Plot Results-Contour Plot- Line Element Results-

Line stress
LS1 LS1 -OK

MIN= -250000 ELEM= 1

MAX= 200000 ELEM =3
List Results:

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- Displacement Vector sum

– OK

Node UX UY UZ USUM
1 0.0000 -0.14000E-05 0.0000 -0.14000E-05
2 -0.6925E-06 -0.28338E-05 0.0000 0.29171E-05
3 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Maximum Absolute Values

Node 3 2 0 2
Value -0.6925E-06 -0.28338E-05 0.0000 0.29171E-05
 Problems on Bars
Problem no.01 (Nodal):A steel rod subjected to compression is
modeled by two bar elements. as shown in fig. Determine the nodal
displacements and the axial stress in each element= 207Gpa,
A=500mm2

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Link - 2D Spar 1
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 500(mm) A= 500E-6 (mtr)
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2.07e5 (mm) Ex = 207e9 (mtr)
PRXY= 0 ------OK

4) Modeling
Nodal Method
Create
Nodes
In active CS
0 Apply 0 Apply (mtr)
500 Apply 0.5 Apply
1000 OK 1 OK

Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes

Pick Node 1 and node 2 ---apply
Pick Node 2 and node 3 --- OK
Loads: Define Loads
Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick node no.1 ---- All DOF -OK

b) Force/ Moment Apply

Pick Node no.3 FX (-12,000)

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Undeformed -DMX= 0.115942(mm) 0.116E-03(mtr)
2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- X Component of Displacement –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX= 0.115942(mm) 0.116E-03(mtr)
SMN= 0.116E-03(mtr)

3) Element Table- Define table- By sequence no. –LS1-OK

Plot Results-Contour Plot- Line Element Results-

Line stress
LS1 LS1 -OK

MIN= -24 ELEM= 1(mm) MIN= -240E+08 Elem=1 (mtr)

MAX= -24 ELEM=1 MAX= -240E+08 Elem=1

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution – X component of Displacement—

OK
Node UX (mm) Node UX (mtr)
1 0.0000 1 0.0000
2 -57971E-01 2 -0.57971E-04
3 -0.11594 3 -0.11594 E -03
Max absolute Values Max absolute Values
Node 3 Node 3
Value -0.11594 Value -0.11594E-03
 Problem no.02 (Nodal): Determine the nodal displacements and
reaction forces for the stepped bar shown in fig.

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Link- 2D Spar 1
b) Real Constants
Add/delete/edit –ok
Set no.1 C/S Area = A = 4 in2
Set no.2 C/s Area = A= 2.25 in2
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 15e6
PRXY= 0 ------OK
Material – New Model
Define material ID 2 –Ok
Ex= 10e6
PRXY=0 -------OK

4) Modeling
Nodal Method
Create
Nodes
In active CS
0 Apply
20 Apply
40 OK
Element – Element attributes – select (Real constant no.1 and material
Properties no.1)

Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes

Pick Node 1 and node 2 ---apply
Element – Element attributes – select (Real constant no.2 and material
Properties no.2)

Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes

Pick Node 2 and node 3 --- OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick node no.1 ---- All DOF -OK

b) Force/ Moment Apply

Pick Node no.3 FX (20,000)

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Undeformed -DMX= 0.024444

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- X Component of Displacement –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX= 0.024444
SMN= 0.024444

3) Element Table- Define table- By sequence no. –LS1-OK

Plot Results-Contour Plot- Line Element Results-

Line stress
LS1 LS1 -OK
 MIN= 5000 Elem=1
MAX= 8889 Elem=2

3) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution – X component of Displacement—

OK
Node UX (mm)
1 0.0000
2 0.666667E-02
3 0.24444E-01
Max absolute Values
Node 3
Value 0.24444E-01
Problem no.03 (Key Point):
A tapered bar is as shown in fig. Determine the displacement, stress
and reaction forces, Where A1 = 1000mm2 and A1 = 1000mm2
E=2x105 N/mm2

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Link- 2D Spar 1
b) Real Constants
Add/delete/edit –ok
Set no.1 C/S Area = A1 = 875 mm2
Set no.2 C/s Area = A2= 625 mm2
3) Material properties
Material Models:
 Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2e5
PRXY= 0 ------OK
Material – New Model
Define material ID 2 –Ok
Isotropic Ex= 2e5
PRXY=0 -------OK

4) Modeling
Key point Method
Create
Key points
In active CS
Total no. of key points 3
0 Apply
187.5 Apply
375 OK

Lines
Lines
Straight Line - Pick the key points 1&2 Apply
Pick the key points 2&3 OK
Meshing → Meshing attributes→ Picked lines→Pick line 1→ok
Line attributes →set material no1→set real constant no.1→apply
Pick line 2→ok→line attributes→set material no.2→set real constant
no.2→OK
Mesh Tool
Global – Set
No. of element divisions - 5 → OK

Mesh – Mesh lines -OK

Loads: Define Loads

Apply
 Structural
Displacement
a) Pick Key point no.1 ---- All DOF -OK

b) Force/ Moment Apply

Pick key point no.3 FX (1,000)

Solution – Solve – Current Load Step-Ok

General Post process;

1) Deformed + Undeformed -DMX= 0.002571

2) Nodal Solution – DOF Solution- X Component of Displacement –
OK
Nodal Solution DMX= 0.002571
SMN= 0.002571

3) Element Table- Define table- By sequence no. –LS1-OK

Plot Results-Contour Plot- Line Element Results-

Line stress
LS1 LS1 -OK

MIN= 1.143 Elem=3

MAX= 1.6 Elem=8

4) List results >Nodal Solution – DOF Solution – X component of

Displacement— OK
Node UX (mm)
1 0.0000
2 0.10714E-02
3 0.21429E-03
4 0.42857E-03
5 0.64826E-03
6 0.85714E-03
7 0.25714E-02
 8 0.13714E-02
9 0.16714E-02
10 0.19714E-02
11 0.22714E-02

Max absolute Values

Node 7
Value 0.25714E-02

Problems on stress Analysis

Problem no.01:

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: solid Quad 4 Node 42 → OK
Options; Element Behavior k3 - Plane stress with thickness –ok
b) Real Constants
Add/delete/edit –ok
Thickness =1mm →OK

3) Material properties
Material Models:
 Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 1e7
PRXY= 0.3 →OK

4) Modeling

Create
a) Areas
Rectangle → By dimensions

X1 and X2 Coordinates - X1=0 X2=20

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1=0 Y2=20 → Ok
b) Circle →
Solid circle →
WP X= 10 mm
WP Y= 10 mm
Radius= 7 mm

C) Operate: Booleans → Subtract → Areas→ Pick not removable

area (A1) → ok→apply
Pick Circle area (A2) → ok→ Next →Ok

5) Meshing: Mesh tool→ Smart size→Fine 3 → Ok

Areas →Mesh→OK
5) Loads→ Loads: Define Loads
Apply
Structural
Displacement→On lines→All 4 Sides→ALL DOF→OK

Pressure→Inside the circle →Select on lines (4 Lines) →OK

Value Load Pressure value → 1 Mpa
6) Solution → Solve → Current LS → Ok
7) General post process→ Plot results→
1) Deformed + Undeformed -DMX= 0.378E-06
Contour plot→Nodal solution→Stress→Von mises stress→
 SEQV (AVG)
DMX= .387E-06
SMN= 0.120279
SMX= 1.195
Problem no.02:

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: solid Quad 4 Node 42 → OK
Options; Element Behavior k3 - Plane stress with thickness - ok
b) Real Constants
Add/delete/edit –ok
Thickness =1mm →OK

3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 2e5
PRXY= 0.27 →OK
4) Modeling

Create
a) Areas
Rectangle → By dimensions

X1 and X2 Coordinates - X1=0 X2=200

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1=0 Y2=100 → Ok
b) Circle →
Solid circle →
WP X= 100 mm
WP Y= 50 mm
Radius= 15 mm

C) Operate: Booleans → Subtract → Areas→ Pick not removable

area (A1) → ok→apply
Pick Circle area (A2) → ok→ Next →Ok

8) Meshing: Mesh tool→ Smart size→Fine 3 → Ok

Areas →Mesh→OK
5) Loads→ Loads: Define Loads
Apply
Structural
Displacement→On lines→Left Side →ALL DOF→OK

Pressure→Select right side Line →OK

Value Load Pressure value →( -2) Mpa
9) Solution → Solve → Current LS → Ok
10)General post process→ Plot results→
2) Deformed + Undeformed -DMX= 0.02239
Contour plot→Nodal solution→Stress→Von mises stress→
SEQV (AVG)
DMX= 0.002239
SMN= 0.589163
SMX= 6.425

Problem no.03 (Bracket problem):

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: solid Quad 4 Node 42 → OK
Options; Element Behavior k3 - Plane stress with thickness - ok
b) Real Constants
Add/delete/edit –ok
Thickness =0.5 mm →OK

3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Ex = 30e6
PRXY= 0.27 →OK

4) Modeling Create →a) Areas

Rectangle → By dimensions→

X1 and X2 Coordinates - X1=0 X2=6

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1=1 Y2= -1 → Apply

X1 and X2 Coordinates - X1=4 X2=6

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1= -1 Y2= -3 → ok

Work Plane → W.P.settings→Polar→Grid and Triad→Snap→

0.1→ok
Work plane→Display work plane
5)Circle→Solid Circle→WP X
WP Y
Radius - 1→ Ok
6)Work plane→Offset work Plane to → Key points→Select
point→ok
7)Circle→Solid Circle→WP X
WP Y
Radius - 1→ Ok
8) Operate→Booleans→Add→Areas→Pick all →Ok
Plot controls→Numbering→ Key Points → on
Line no. → On
Area→on
Node numbers → on→OK
9) Create →circle→Solid Circle→0.5 Radius
Global Origin→0.5 Radius

10) Operate→Booleans→Subtract →Select

Area→Apply→Select→Ok
11) Create → Lines → Line Fillet→ select Intersecting Lines→
Radius-0.4→ok
12) Create→Areas→Arbitary→By lines→Select→Area→Ok
13) Operate→Booleans→Add→Areas→Pick all →Ok
(Extra Line Fillet Area Merged)

14) Meshing →Mesh tool→Mesh→Mesh Areas→Ok

15) Loads→ Define Loads→Apply→Displacement→on
lines→SelectAll DOF→Ok
16) Tapering Pressure→on lines→Apply→50
→500 →Ok
→500
 →50 →Ok

17) Solution → Solve → Current LS → Ok

18) General post process→ Plot results→
1)Deformed + Undeformed -DMX= 0.001304
2)Contour plot→Nodal solution→Stress→Von mises stress→
SEQV (AVG)
DMX= 0.001304
SMN= 23.47
SMX= 2325

Problems on Thermal
Problem no.01:A composite 3 layer wall is formed of a 0.5cm thick
aluminum plate, a 0.25 cm thick layer of sheet asbestos, and a 2 cm
thick layer of rock wool(Density is 64kg/m3.The asbestos is the central
layer, the outer layer is at 5000 Celsius and the rock wool surface is at
50 Celsius. determine the heat flow per unit area. Conductivity of
aluminum is 268.08 w/mk, conductivity of asbestos is0.16608 w/mk
and conductivity of rock wool at 0.0548 w/mk.

1) Preferences: Thermal
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: solid Quad 4 Node 42 →plane 55→ OK

b) Real Constants
 Add/delete/edit –No

3) Material properties
Material Models:
Thermal
Conductivity
Isotropic
KXX= 268.08(For aluminum) → OK
New Model→New model →Define Material ID -2→OK
Isotropic
KXX= 0.16608(For asbestos) → OK
New Model→New model →Define Material ID -3→OK
Isotropic
KXX= 0.0548(rock wool) → OK

4) Modeling
Create
a) Areas
Rectangle → By dimensions→

X1 and X2 Coordinates - X1=0 X2=0.005

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1=0 Y2= 0.1→ Apply

X1 and X2 Coordinates - X1=0.005 X2=0.005+0.0025

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1= 0 Y2= 0.1→ Apply

X1 and X2 Coordinates- X1=0.005+0.0025 X2=0.005+0.0025+0.02

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1= 0 Y2= 0.1→ Apply

5) Operate→Booleans→Glue→Areas→Select all areas→OK

6) Meshing→Mesh attributes→Pick area→Pick area -1→apply

Pick area→Pick area -2→apply
Pick area→Pick area -3→ok

7) Meshing→Mesh tool → Areas →smart size on→Free→ Quad→

Mesh→Pick all→OK
8) Loads→Define Loads→Apply→Thermal →Temperature→ on lines
→Select left side line→temp→500ºC →Apply

Define Loads→Apply→Thermal→Temperature → on lines

→Select Right side line→temp→50ºC →OK

9) Solution →Solve→Current LS

10) General post process →plot Results→Contour plot→Nodal

Solution →DOF Solution→a) Nodal Temperature→OK
SMN=50
SMX=500
b) Thermal Gradient → Thermal Gradient Vector Sum→ OK
SMN=32.551
SMX=52543
c) Thermal Flux → Thermal Flux Vector Sum→ OK
SMN=8726
SMX=8726

Problem no.02: For the rectangular slab shown in fig. find out the
temperature distributions for the boundary conditions indicate. Assume
material to be made of copper

1) Preferences: Thermal
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: solid Quad 4 Node 42 →plane 55→ OK
b) Real Constants
Add/delete/edit –No
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Thermal→Conductivity→Isotropic→KXX= 386 (For copper) → OK

4) Modeling →Create →Areas→Rectangle → By dimensions→

X1 and X2 Coordinates - X1=0 X2=10

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1=0 Y2= 20→ OK
5) Meshing→Mesh tool → Areas →smart size on→Free→ Quad→
Mesh→Pick all→OK

6) Loads→Define Loads→Apply→Thermal →Temperature→ on lines

→Give 100ºC for 3 Lines and for the top line give 200ºC →OK

7) Solution →Solve→Current LS
8) General post process →plot Results→Contour plot→Nodal Solution
→DOF Solution→a)Nodal Temperature→OK
SMN=100
SMX=200
b)Thermal Gradient → Thermal Gradient Vector Sum→ OK
SMN=0.790E-14
SMX=50
c) Thermal Flux → Thermal Flux Vector Sum→ OK
SMN=305E-11
SMX=19300
Problems on Thermal
Problem no.03

Find out the temperature distribution in an extremely simple and

accurate way. We(1mx2m) made entirely of steel assume that our
block is a rectangle
Convection film coefficient h= 50w/m2
Thermal conductivity K= 20 w/mk

1) Preferences: Thermal
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: solid - Quad 4 Node 42 →plane 55→ OK

b) Real Constants
Add/delete/edit –No

3) Material properties
Material Models:

Thermal→Conductivity→Isotropic→KXX= 20w/MK → OK
 Thermal→Convection or film coefficient→HF= 50w/m2*K → OK

4) Modeling →Create →Areas→Rectangle → by dimensions→

X1 and X2 Coordinates - X1=0 X2=1m

Y1 and Y2 coordinates - Y1=0 Y2= 2m→ OK

5) Meshing→Mesh tool → Areas →smart size on→Free→ Quad→

Mesh→Pick all→OK

7) Loads→Define Loads→Apply→Thermal →Temperature→ on line

→Give 100ºC to Right side line

8) Loads→Define Loads→Apply→Thermal →Convection→ select the

bottom line and enter the values for I- film coefficient=h=50 and bulk
temperature=T∞=200K
Optional→J- film coefficient=h=50 and bulk temperature=T∞=200K

9) Loads→Define Loads→Apply→Thermal →Heat Flux→ on line

→Enter the Value →50 and 50 ( Left Side Line)

10) Solution →Solve→Current LS

11) General post process →plot Results→Contour plot→Nodal

Solution →DOF Solution→a)Nodal Temperature→OK
SMN=100
SMX=160.53
b)Thermal Gradient → Thermal Gradient Vector Sum→ OK
SMN=4.387
SMX=218.096
c) Thermal Flux → Thermal Flux Vector Sum→ OK
SMN=87736
SMX=4362
 Problems on Dynamic Analysis
Problem no.01

Determine the simple Harmonic analysis of a cantilever beam.

Young’s modulus -E= 206800e6 N/m2
Density = 7830kg/ m3

1) Preferences: Structural
2) Preprocessor:
a) Element type: Beam; 2D Elastic 3
b) Real Constants
C/S Area = A = 0.01*0.01
Moment of Inertia = 0.01*0.01**3/12
Height = 0.01
3) Material properties
Material Models:
Structural
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
 Ex = 206800e6
PRXY= 0 ------OK
Structural→Density→7830*9.81→OK

4) Modeling
Nodal Method
Create
Nodes
In active CS
0 Apply
1 OK

5) Elements: Auto numbered--- thru nodes

Pick Node 1 and node 2 ---OK

6) Loads: Define Loads

Apply
Structural
Displacement
a) Pick node no.1 →ALL DOF

b) Force/ Moment→Pick Node no.2 →FY=100

7) Solution – Analysis Type →new analysis→Harmonic→ ok

Analysis Options→Harmonic Analysis→
Solution Method→Full
Real+Imaginary→OK
Full harmonic Analysis→Tolerance→1e-008→OK

8) Load step Options→Time/Frequency→Frequency/Sub Steps

Harmonic Freq. Range→ 0 100
No. of Sub Steps → 100
Stepped→OK

9) Solution →Solve→Current LS→OK

10) General post process→Time History Post process→Time History
Variables-File.rst
Add→Nodal solution→DOF Solution→
 Y component of Displacement→OK
Node for Data→Pick node no. 2 →OK
FREQ Frequency 1 100 º
UY_3 2 Y- component of Disp. -0.701114 0.438745 º
1) Amplitude v/s Frequency
2) Time v/s Amplitude Value