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Module 9 HF Test Answers

The document provides test answers for a human factors module. It summarizes that human error accounts for 70-80% of aircraft incidents and the types of errors are active errors which have an immediate effect and latent errors which have a delayed effect. It also discusses factors like stress, fatigue, communication problems, and violations which can contribute to human errors.

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168 views

Module 9 HF Test Answers

The document provides test answers for a human factors module. It summarizes that human error accounts for 70-80% of aircraft incidents and the types of errors are active errors which have an immediate effect and latent errors which have a delayed effect. It also discusses factors like stress, fatigue, communication problems, and violations which can contribute to human errors.

Uploaded by

camapnhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEST ANSWERS FOR MODULE 9 HUMAN FACTORS

1. What is the chain of events?


Answer:
The Chain of Events
Management - Maintenance - Crew
2. Why do we have to take Human factors into account?
Answer:
The Need to take Human Factors into Account
What has gone wrong once is likely to go wrong again.
Better Aircraft, ATC, Weather Prediction
Human Error accounts for 70-80% of Aircraft Incidents.
3. What is the "error iceberg"?
Answer:
The Error Iceberg
1 Serious Event,
30 Operationally significant Events,
600 Unreported errors that are handled locally.
4. What are the most frequent causes for air accidents?
Answer:
Aviation Accidents
Human Causes increasing 80%
Machine Causes decreasing 20%

5. What are the two basic type of errors?


Answer:
Active and latent errors
There are two basic kinds of human error: active and latent.*
• Active error - a mistake that has an immediate effect
• Latent error - a mistake that has a delayed effect

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6. What is the Murphy Law?
Answer:
Murphy's law
"Anything that can go wrong will go wrong."
7. What senses are used during visual inspections?
Answer:
Visual Inspection (in aviation 80%)
The Process of using the Eye, alone or in conjunction with various aids, as the
sensing mechanism from which judgements may be made about the condition of
a unit to be inspected. Shaking, Listening, Smelling, Feeling.
8. What problems can occur during information processing?
Answer:
Information Processing
Information Transfer: Conceptual (speech) or physical (Displays, Controls,
Product).
Information hard to see or hear due to Noise, poor Lighting or Communication.
9. What are the two types of leaders?
Answer:
Types of Leaders
Designated through Authority, Position, Seniority, Title.
Functional by knowledge or expertise. (can be temporary).
10. What are the different ways of learning?
Answer:
Learning
Cognitive We remember 25% of what we Hear.
Affective We remember 35% of what we See.

Psycho-Motorical We remember 50% of what we See & Hear.


We remember 75% of what we Say & Repeat.
We remember 95% of what we Do.
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11. What are the basic needs defined by the pyramid of "Maslow"?
Answer:
Physiological needs: Eating, drinking, sleeping, sexual needs.
12. What is Team Working?
Answer:
Team Working
A team is a group of interdependent individuals working together to complete a
specific task.
13. What are the components of stress?
Answer:
Private, Family, Company, Situation
14. What are the problems connected with shift work?
Answer:
Shift work
Employees who work on rotating shifts are at risk from stress, especially if they
are not given sufficient time between shifts to adjust. Because daylight is a
powerful influence on the body's cycles of activity and rest, night shift workers are
particularly at risk from stress.
15. What are the different forms of fatigue?
Answer:
Fatigue
Physical fatigue can be defined as a state of reduced physical capacity.
Mental fatigue is a general response to stress over a period of time. The effects of
mental fatigue may just be in the mind of the individual or may extend to affect
performance.
16. When do you have to use ear protection?
Answer:
Hearing protection

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Workers generally prefer to wear earplugs in areas where noise is an occasional
problem, and earmuffs in ramp or gate operations where noise is constant. Both
should be available for use in the workplace.
17. Poor workplace lighting can cause …?
Answer:
Poor lighting can also lead to bad posture, such as awkward head, neck or back
angles that cause stress and fatigue.
18. What is information present but missed?
Answer:
This happens most often when other tasks take your attention away from the task
you are doing – in other words you are distracted from your task focus.
19. How can you reduce stress during repetitive tasks?
Answer:
There are two ways to reduce or eliminate the drop in performance: vary the task
and/or provide periodic rest breaks.
20. What is SHELL model?
Answer:
Software Policies, procedures and rules.
Hardware Tools, equipment, aircraft, workspace.
Environment, (organizational, political and economic as
Environment
well)..
Liveware
(Individual) An individual Person’s internal state.

Liveware (Group) The interaction between and within groups

21. What are the basic forms of communication?


Answer:
Forms of Communication

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Verbal Face to face or through electronic mediums such as a phones or radio.
Non- verbal “Body language”.
Written Publications, letters, forms, signs, e- mail.
22. What are components of Communication Model?
Answer:
Communication Model
The Sender “encodes”
The Receiver “decodes”
Channel or mode of transmission. (verbally, non-verbally or body language) May
be critical.
23. What are Problems During Transmission?
Answer:
Problems During Transmission
External factors like background noise, light, language, mental and physical
impairments.
24. What is a violation? (Types of Error in Maintenance Tasks)
Answer:
Violation – the wrong procedure is performed intentionally.
25. What is Distraction? (in Dirty Dozen)
Answer:
Attention is turned in another direction; mental or emotional confusion.

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