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    Chapter 3 Land Resource (English Version)

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    Bijay Mridha
    Land is a finite natural resource that provides the base for terrestrial ecosystems. Excessive salt deposition and soil erosion from river banks can degrade land quality over time. Soil is a mixture of organic matter and minerals that support plant growth and acts as a habitat. Land degradation decreases land quality through processes like soil pollution, overgrazing, and repeated mineral extraction. Soil erosion occurs naturally but is worsened by human activities like deforestation and agriculture, removing topsoil and degrading ecosystems. Desertification turns fertile areas into deserts through overgrazing and other human impacts like deforestation.

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    Chapter 3 Land Resource (English Version)

    Uploaded by

    Bijay Mridha
    38 views11 pages
    Land is a finite natural resource that provides the base for terrestrial ecosystems. Excessive salt deposition and soil erosion from river banks can degrade land quality over time. Soil is a mixture of organic matter and minerals that support plant growth and acts as a habitat. Land degradation decreases land quality through processes like soil pollution, overgrazing, and repeated mineral extraction. Soil erosion occurs naturally but is worsened by human activities like deforestation and agriculture, removing topsoil and degrading ecosystems. Desertification turns fertile areas into deserts through overgrazing and other human impacts like deforestation.

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    Chapter 3 land resource(english version) (1)

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    Land is a finite natural resource that provides the base for terrestrial ecosystems. Excessive salt deposition and soil erosion from river banks can degrade land quality over time. Soil is a mixture of organic matter and minerals that support plant growth and acts as a habitat. Land degradation decreases land quality through processes like soil pollution, overgrazing, and repeated mineral extraction. Soil erosion occurs naturally but is worsened by human activities like deforestation and agriculture, removing topsoil and degrading ecosystems. Desertification turns fertile areas into deserts through overgrazing and other human impacts like deforestation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views11 pages

    Chapter 3 Land Resource (English Version)

    Uploaded by

    Bijay Mridha
    Land is a finite natural resource that provides the base for terrestrial ecosystems. Excessive salt deposition and soil erosion from river banks can degrade land quality over time. Soil is a mixture of organic matter and minerals that support plant growth and acts as a habitat. Land degradation decreases land quality through processes like soil pollution, overgrazing, and repeated mineral extraction. Soil erosion occurs naturally but is worsened by human activities like deforestation and agriculture, removing topsoil and degrading ecosystems. Desertification turns fertile areas into deserts through overgrazing and other human impacts like deforestation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Environmental Studies

    Chapter-3: Natural resources


    Land resources

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Land resource
    • Land is a naturally occurring finite resource. It provides the base for
    survival of living beings. It holds everything that constitutes
    terrestrial ecosystems.
    • Excessive salt deposition degrades land quality.
    • Breakdown of soil of the river bank can be the reason of flood.

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Soil
    • Soil is a mixture of organic
    matter, minerals, gases, liquids,
    and organisms that together support life. Types of soil:
    • Soil, called the pedosphere, has four •Clay soil: feels lumpy and is sticky
    important functions: when wet and rock hard when dry.
     Act as a medium for plant growth. • Sandy soil: feels gritty. It drains
     Act as a means of water storage, supply easily, dries out fast and is easy to
    and purification. cultivate.
     Act as a modifier of Earth's atmosphere. •Silty soil: feels soft and soapy, it
     Act as a habitat for organisms. holds moisture, is usually very rich
    in nutrients.
    •Peaty soil:is a darker soil and feels
    damp and spongy due to its higher
    levels of peat. It is an acidic soil
    which slows down decomposition.
    •Loamy soil: a relatively even mix of
    sand, silt and clay, feels fine-
    textured and slightly damp.

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Land degradation
    • Land degradation means decrease in the
    quality of the land and it becomes unfit for
    cultivation.
    • Increased demand on land in modern times
    due to the rise in human population and
    their activities has resulted in degradation of
    land quality and quantity, decline in crop
    production, and competition for land.
    • Causes :
     The causes of Land degradation are:
    1) Soil pollution
    2) Soil Erosion
    3) Over grazing
    4) Extraction of minerals at a repeated stage.
    5) Drought .

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Soil Erosion
    • Soil erosion is a continuous
    process that occurs either slowly
    or at an alarming rate. It results
    in a continuous loss of topsoil,
    ecological degradation, soil
    collapse, etc.
    • In this process, the soil particles
    are loosened or washed away in
    the valleys, oceans, rivers,
    streams or far away lands. This
    has been worsening due to
    human activities such as
    agriculture and deforestation.

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Effects:
    The major effects of soil erosion
    include:
    I. Loss of Arable Land
    II. Clogging of Waterways  Prevention:
    III. Air Pollution Some of the methods of soil
    IV. Desertification erosion prevention:
    V. Destruction of Infrastructure a) Plant trees on barren lands to
    limit erosion of soil.
    b) Addition of mulch and rocks
    to prevent the plants and
    grass underneath to prevent
    soil erosion.
    c) Mulch matting can be used to
    reduce erosion on the slopes.
    d) Crop Rotation

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Desertification
    • Desertification is a type of land degradation in drylands in which
    biological productivity is lost due to natural processes or induced
    by human activities whereby fertile areas become increasingly
    more arid.
    • Overgrazing is the major cause of desertification worldwide. Other
    factors that cause desertification include urbanization, climate
    change, overdrafting of groundwater, deforestation, natural
    disasters and tillage practices in agriculture that place soils more
    vulnerable to wind.

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Effects : Prevention:
    i. Farming becomes Preventive actions include:
    next to impossible. •Integrating land and water
    ii. Hunger problems. management to protect soils from
    iii. Flooding erosion, salinization, and other forms
    iv. Poor Water Quality of degradation.
    v. Overpopulation •Protecting the vegetative cover, which
    vi. Poverty: can be a major instrument for soil
    conservation against wind and water
    erosion.
    •Integrating the use of land for grazing
    and farming where conditions are
    favorable, allowing for a more efficient
    cycling of nutrients within the
    agricultural systems.
    •Creating economic opportunities in
    dryland urban centers and in areas
    outside of drylands.

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Deforestation
    • Deforestation is the decrease in forest areas. It happens
    when forest regions are permanently lost (or at least lost in
    the long term) for other uses such as agriculture,
    urbanization or mining activities.
    • Causes:
    a. Natural: b. Social and
    o Forest fire. economic cause:
    o Landslide. o Locality.
    o Earthquake. o Agriculture.
    o Cyclones. o Industry.
    o Forest fuel (timber).
    o Volcano.
    o Over grazing.
    o Flood. o Building of dams.
    o Transportation.
    o Shifting cultivation.
    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Social forestry
    • Social forestry refers to the management of forests for the benefits of
    local communities.
    • It includes aspects such as forest management, forest protection, and
    afforestation of deforested lands with the objective of improving the
    rural, environmental, and social development.
    • Types of Social Forestry:
    1. Agro-forestry
    2. Farm Forestry
    3. Extension Forestry
    4. Community Forestry

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020
    Thank you

    KM.SPCMC.ENVS.2020

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