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Discussion Forum Unit 6

The hypothesized steps for the evolution of eukaryotic cells via endosymbiosis are: 1) some bacteria were engulfed by prokaryote cells but lived as symbionts, forming the first heterotroph eukaryotes, 2) these cells later absorbed photosynthetic bacteria, forming the first autotroph eukaryotes, 3) it is believed the engulfed bacteria evolved into mitochondria and chloroplast. Evidence used to support this includes mitochondria and chloroplast each having their own DNA separate from the nucleus, and their DNA being arranged like prokaryotes.

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82 views2 pages

Discussion Forum Unit 6

The hypothesized steps for the evolution of eukaryotic cells via endosymbiosis are: 1) some bacteria were engulfed by prokaryote cells but lived as symbionts, forming the first heterotroph eukaryotes, 2) these cells later absorbed photosynthetic bacteria, forming the first autotroph eukaryotes, 3) it is believed the engulfed bacteria evolved into mitochondria and chloroplast. Evidence used to support this includes mitochondria and chloroplast each having their own DNA separate from the nucleus, and their DNA being arranged like prokaryotes.

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Benses Alvarado
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Discussion Forum Unit 6

Hypothesized steps for the evolution of eukaryotic cells via endosymbiosis.

Question: Describe the hypothesized steps for the evolution of eukaryotic cells via

endosymbiosis. How is evidence used to support this theory?

It is believed that life on earth emerged 3.5 billion years ago as prokaryote cells (simple

unicellular organisms) (Journey to the Microcosmos, 2019, 0:15). Then, Eukaryotic cells came to

exist as an evolution of prokaryote cells, when some bacteria were engulfed by a certain type of

prokaryote cells, but this was not digested but started to live as symbionts, this is believed to be

the heterotrophs eukaryotes cells (Amoeba Sisters, 2017, 2:25). Eventually, those eukaryote cells

absorbed bacteria that can do photosynthesis, which is believed to be the first autotroph

eukaryote cells (Amoeba Sisters, 2017, 2:40).

It is believed that the bacteria that used oxygen (ATP) to produce energy evolved to be

mitochondria, and the bacteria that was able to produce its own food through sunlight energy,

evolved into the chloroplast (Amoeba Sisters, 2017, 3:00). It is also believed that the

mitochondria developed before chloroplast due that nearly all eukaryote cells have mitochondria,

and only cells that can do photosynthesis have both mitochondria and chloroplast (Amoeba

Sisters, 2017, 3:20).

The evidence that is used to support this theory is that both the mitochondria and chloroplast

have their own DNA, separate that the one that is found on the cell’s nucleus, in addition, their
DNA is arranged similar to the prokaryote cells (bacterial) DNA. Likewise, the size of both the

mitochondria and chloroplast are the same as bacteria and when they divide (which can be done

on their own), they do it the same way bacteria divide (Amoeba Sisters, 2017, 3:35).

Reference

Amoeba Sisters. (2017, May 4). Endosymbiotic Theory [Video]. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU

Clark, M. A. (2018, March 5). Eukaryotic Origins – Biology 2e. Pressbooks.

https://opentextbc.ca/biology2eopenstax/chapter/eukaryotic-origins/

Journey to the Microcosmos. (2019, July 22). Where Did Eukaryotic Cells Come From? - A

Journey Into Endosymbiotic Theory [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=4LhBZ2H5SwM

Khan’s Academy. (2018, August 30). Endosymbiotic Theory of Eukaryotic Cells Origin [Video].

YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0MS3kwanJ8

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