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Lecture 2 Railway Electrification

The document discusses types of track electrification systems for railways. It describes four main types: direct current (DC) systems, single-phase alternating current (AC) systems, three-phase AC systems, and composite systems. For each system, it provides details on the power supply used, electric motors employed, and operating voltages. It also discusses the components of a railway traction power supply system, including substations, traction transformers, circuit breakers, overhead contact systems, and pantographs.

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Maalmalan Keekiyyaa
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397 views51 pages

Lecture 2 Railway Electrification

The document discusses types of track electrification systems for railways. It describes four main types: direct current (DC) systems, single-phase alternating current (AC) systems, three-phase AC systems, and composite systems. For each system, it provides details on the power supply used, electric motors employed, and operating voltages. It also discusses the components of a railway traction power supply system, including substations, traction transformers, circuit breakers, overhead contact systems, and pantographs.

Uploaded by

Maalmalan Keekiyyaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rail Motive Power (REGM-6008)

Lecture 2

Railway Electrification

Kiros Tesfay

Email: [email protected]

African Railway Center of Excellence


Addis Ababa Institute of Technology
Addis Ababa University
1
Outline

• Types of track electrification system


• Railway power supply components

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Types of track electrification system

Development of electrified railway


Electrified railway worldwide
 1825, First railway built by British
 1881, First railway (Tangshan to Xugezhuang) built in China
 1909, Jingzhang railway designed by Zhan Tianyou.
 1879, 550m electrified railway manufactured by Ernst
Werner von Siemens and John George Hals. The first time
train powered by electricity.
 May 1881, 2.45km electrified railway built at Lichterfelde
German, which is the first electrified railway for business
operation.
3
Types of track electrification system

Development of electrified railway


Electrified railway worldwide
 A new era began. At the beginning of 20th century,
electrified railway gained rapid development worldwide.
 In 2006, 240,000 km (25% by length) of the world rail
network was electrified and 50% of all rail transport was
carried by electric traction.

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Types of track electrification system

5
Types of track electrification system

6
Types of track electrification system

 Based on the available supply, the track electrification


system are categorized into.
1. Direct current (DC) system —600 V, 750 V, 1500 V, 3000 V
2. Single-phase AC system—15-25 kV/16.7 HZ, and 25kV/50 Hz
3. Three-phase AC system—3000-3500 V at 16 2 3 Hz
4. Composite system—involving conversion of single-phase AC
into 3-phase AC or DC.

7
Types of track electrification system
DC system
 The electric motors employed for getting necessary
propelling torque should be selected in such a way that
they should be able to operate on DC supply.
 Examples for such vehicles operating based on DC system
are tramways and trolley buses. Usually, DC series motors
are preferred for tramways and trolley buses even though
DC compound motors are available where regenerative
braking is desired.
 The operating voltages of vehicles for DC track
electrification system are 600, 750, 1,500, and 3,000 V.
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Types of track electrification system

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Types of track electrification system

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Types of track electrification system
Single-phase AC system
 In this system of track electrification, usually AC series
motors are used for getting the necessary propelling
power.
 The distribution network employed for such traction
systems is normally 15–25 kV at reduced frequency of
16⅔ Hz or 25 Hz.
 The main reason of operating at reduced frequencies is
AC series motors that are more efficient and show better
performance at low frequency.

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Types of track electrification system

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Types of track electrification system

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Types of track electrification system
Three - Phase AC System
 In this system of track electrification, 3-φ induction motors are
employed for getting the necessary propelling power.
 The operating voltage of induction motors is normally 3,000–
3,600-V AC at either normal supply frequency (50 Hz) or 16⅔
Hz frequency.
 Usually 3-φ induction motors are preferable because they have
simple and robust construction, high operating efficiency,
provision of regenerative braking without
 placing any additional equipment, and better performance at
both normal and seduced frequencies.
 Three-phase AC system is mainly adopted for the services
where the output power required is high and regeneration of
electrical
14 energy is possible.
Types of track electrification system
Composite System
 In this system, single-phase 16-kV, 50 Hz supply from the
sub-station is picked up by the locomotive through the
single overhead contact wire.
 It is then converted into 3-phase ac supply at the same
frequency by means of phase converter equipment
carried on the locomotives.
 This 3-phase supply is then fed to the 3-phase induction
motors.
 Two such composite systems presently in use are
1. 1-phase to 3-phase system also called Kando system
2. 1-phase to DC system.
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Types of track electrification system

Advantages of 25-kV, 50-Hz AC System

 Advantages of this system of track electrification over


other systems particularly the DC system are as under:
1. Light Overhead Catenary
2. Less Number of Substations
3. Flexibility in the Location of Substations
4. Simplicity of Substation Design
5. Lower Cost of Fixed Installations
6. Higher Coefficient of Adhesion
7. Higher Starting Efficiency
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Types of track electrification system

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Railway power supply components
Traction power supply system

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Types of track electrification system

Traction power supply system

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Types of track electrification system

21
Composition of Traction Power Supply System

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Composition of Traction Power Supply System

23
View of a Traction Substation

Main Components：Traction transformers、 Circuit breakers


、 Disconnect switches 、 Voltage and current transformers、
Surge
24
arresters ， Gas insulated switchgear(GIS),etc
Traction Substation

The substation forms a node point in the electric network.


Substation equipment:
 Transformer to change the voltage and current level.
 Circuit breaker (CB) to interrupt the load and fault current. The fault
current automatically triggers the CB.
 Disconnect switch to provide visible circuit separation. Permit CB
maintenance. No load operation.
 Voltage and current transformers to reduce the current to 5 A, and
the voltage to 120 V, and to insulate the measuring circuit from the
high voltage.
 Surge arresters for protection against lightning and switching
overvoltages. They are voltage dependent, non linear resistance.
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Traction Substation

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Traction Transformer
Substation Component

Disconnect Voltage transformer Surge arrester


switch
Substation Component
Surge
Graphic symbol arrester

Text symbol：F (BL)


Substation Component
Voltage
transformer

Graphic symbol：

Single Three-
phase phase

Text symbol：TV(YH)
Substation Component

Graphic symbol：

Disconnect
switch(open)
Text symbol：GS（GK）
Circuit Breaker Concept

Fixed contact
Moving
contact

Switch Closed

Moving Arc Fixed contact


contact

SF6 injection

Switch Opens
Substation Component
Current
transformer

Graphic symbol：

Text symbol：TA（LH）
Substation Component

Circuit
breaker
Graphic symbol：

Text symbol：QF（DL）
Gas insulated switchgear(GIS)
2×27.5kV GIS

Traction Substation
Circuit Diagram of the
secondary side
Gas insulated switchgear(GIS)
2×27.5kV GIS
Gas insulated switchgear(GIS)
220kV GIS
1#
supply
Of
the
primary
side
Composition of Traction Power Supply System

38
Overhead Contact Systems (OCS)

39
Overhead Contact Systems (OCS)

Section Post

40
Pantograph

Overhead Contact Line System


Overhead Contact Systems (OCS)

• Overhead Contact Systems (OCS) is composed of


• Catenary
• Supporting device
• Positioning device
• Tower and foundation, etc
to supply current for use by electric railways
• Catenary is composed of contact wire, messenger wire (carrier
cable), return conductor, compensator and tensioning
equipment to supply power traction transformation to electric
locomotive by means of being erected on tower with
supporting device.
• During the operation of electric locomotive, the pan on top of
pantograph hugs the contact wire closely for current pick up by
42
friction and sliding
Overhead Contact Systems (OCS) Cont…

43
Overhead Contact Systems (OCS) Cont…

44
Overhead Contact Systems (OCS) Cont…

45
Overhead Contact Systems (OCS) Cont…

• To realize the mechanical and electrical separation of the


overhead contact line system, overhead contact lines are
divide into different isolated sections with certain length.
• These isolated sections are called tensioning section.
• Midpoint is the term used to designate the point roughly in
the middle of a tensioning section where a means of fixing
the position of an overhead contact wire in longitudinal
direction relative to the running rails is installed.
• They are used to ensure that conductors do not migrate
towards one end of the tensioning section during
temperature variations and after failing of contact wire,
46 catenary wire, or contact line.
Composition of Traction Power Supply System

47
Composition of Traction Power Supply System

48
Composition of Traction Power Supply System

49
Composition of Traction Power Supply System

50
Thank you!!!

51

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