GE Healthcare

Precision 500D R&F System Manual

Direction 5184799-100, Revision 2
Copyright 2007 by General Electric Company.
All Rights Reserved.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 2
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Legal Notes Page 3
LEGAL NOTES
TRADEMARKS
Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo, Exchange, and PostScript are trademarks of
Adobe Systems Incorporated or its subsidiaries and may be registered in certain jurisdictions.
Microsoft is a registered trademark and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
All other products and their name brands are trademarks of their respective holders.
COPYRIGHTS
All Material, Copyright 2007 by General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 4 Legal Notes
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Important Precautions Page 5
IMPORTANT PRECAUTIONS
LANGUAGE
WARNING
(EN)
This Service Manual is available in English only.
If a customer's service provider requires a language other than English,
it is the customer's responsibility to provide translation services.
Do not attempt to service the equipment unless this service manual has
been consulted and is understood.
Failure to heed this warning may result in injury to the service provider,
operator, or patient, from electric shock or from mechanical or other
hazards.

(BG)
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(ZH-CN)





VSTRAHA
(CS)
Tento provozn nvod existuje pouze v anglickm jazyce.
V ppad, e extern sluba zkaznkm potebuje nvod v jinm
jazyce, je zajitn pekladu do odpovdajcho jazyka kolem
zkaznka.
Nesnate se o drbu tohoto zazen, ani byste si peetli tento
provozn nvod a pochopili jeho obsah.
V ppad nedodrovn tto vstrahy me dojt k porann pracovnka
prodejnho servisu, obslunho personlu nebo pacient vlivem
elektrickho proudu, respektive vlivem mechanickch i jinch rizik.
ADVARSEL
(DA)
Denne servicemanual findes kun p engelsk.
Hvis en kundes tekniker har brug for et andet sprog end engelsk, er det
kundens ansvar at srge for oversttelse.
Forsg ikke at servicere udstyret medmindre denne servicemanual har
vret konsulteret og er forstet.
Manglende overholdelse af denne advarsel kan medfre skade p
grund af elektrisk, mekanisk eller anden fare for teknikeren, operatren
eller patienten.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 6 Important Precautions
WAARSCHUWING
(NL)
Deze onderhoudshandleiding is enkel in het Engels verkrijgbaar.
Als het onderhoudspersoneel een andere taal vereist, dan is de klant
verantwoordelijk voor de vertaling ervan.
Probeer de apparatuur niet te onderhouden voordat deze
onderhoudshandleiding werd geraadpleegd en begrepen is.
Indien deze waarschuwing niet wordt opgevolgd, zou het
onderhoudspersoneel, de operator of een patint gewond kunnen raken
als gevolg van een elektrische schok, mechanische of andere gevaren.
HOIATUS
(ET)
Kesolev teenindusjuhend on saadaval ainult inglise keeles.
Kui klienditeeninduse osutaja nuab juhendit inglise keelest erinevas
keeles, vastutab klient tlketeenuse osutamise eest.
rge ritage seadmeid teenindada enne eelnevalt
kesoleva teenindusjuhendiga tutvumist ja sellest aru saamist.
Kesoleva hoiatuse eiramine vib phjustada teenuseosutaja,
operaatori vi patsiendi vigastamist elektrilgi, mehaanilise vi muu
ohu tagajrjel.
VAROITUS
(FI)
Tm huolto-ohje on saatavilla vain englanniksi.
Jos asiakkaan huoltohenkilst vaatii muuta kuin englanninkielist
materiaalia, tarvittavan knnksen hankkiminen on asiakkaan
vastuulla.
l yrit korjata laitteistoa ennen kuin olet varmasti lukenut ja
ymmrtnyt tmn huolto-ohjeen.
Mikli tt varoitusta ei noudateta, seurauksena voi olla
huoltohenkilstn, laitteiston kyttjn tai potilaan vahingoittuminen
shkiskun, mekaanisen vian tai muun vaaratilanteen vuoksi.
ATTENTION
(FR)
Ce manuel de service n'est disponible qu'en anglais.
Si le technicien du client a besoin de ce manuel dans une autre langue
que l'anglais, c'est au client qu'il incombe de le faire traduire.
Ne pas tenter d'intervenir sur les quipements tant que le manuel
service n'a pas t consult et compris
Le non-respect de cet avertissement peut entraner chez le technicien,
l'oprateur ou le patient des blessures dues des dangers lectriques,
mcaniques ou autres.
WARNUNG
(DE)
Diese Serviceanleitung existiert nur in Englischer Sprache.
Falls ein fremder Kundendienst eine andere Sprache bentigt, ist es
aufgabe des Kunden fr eine Entsprechende bersetzung zu sorgen.
Versuchen Sie nicht diese Anlage zu warten,
ohne diese Serviceanleitung gelesen und verstanden zu haben.
Wird diese Warnung nicht beachtet, so kann es zu Verletzungen des
Kundendiensttechnikers, des Bedieners oder des Patienten durch
stromschlge, Mechanische oder Sonstige gefahren kommen.

(EL)
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Important Precautions Page 7
FIGYELMEZTETS
(HU)
Ezen karbantartsi kziknyv kizrlag angol nyelven rhet el.
Ha a vev szolgltatja angoltl eltr nyelvre tart ignyt, akkor a vev
felelssge a fordts elkszttetse.
Ne prblja elkezdeni hasznlni a berendezst, amg a karbantartsi
kziknyvben lertakat nem rtelmeztk.
Ezen figyelmeztets figyelmen kvl hagysa a szolgltat, mkdtet
vagy a beteg ramts, mechanikai vagy egyb veszlyhelyzet miatti
srlst eredmnyezheti.
AVRUN
(IS)
essi jnustuhandbk er eingngu fanleg ensku.
Ef a jnustuveitandi viskiptamanns arfnast annas tungumls en
ensku, er a skylda viskiptamanns a skaffa tungumlajnustu.
Reyni ekki a afgreia tki nema a essi jnustuhandbk
hefur veri skou og skilin.
Brot sinna essari avrun getur leitt til meisla jnustuveitanda,
stjrnanda ea sjklings fr raflosti, vlrnu ea rum httum.
AVVERTENZA
(IT)
Il presente manuale di manutenzione disponibile soltanto in inglese.
Se un addetto alla manutenzione richiede il manuale in una lingua
diversa, il cliente tenuto a provvedere direttamente alla traduzione.
Si proceda alla manutenzione dell'apparecchiatura solo dopo aver
consultato il presente manuale ed averne compreso il contenuto
Il non rispetto della presente avvertenza potrebbe far compiere
operazioni da cui derivino lesioni all'addetto, alla manutenzione,
all'utilizzatore ed al paziente per folgorazione elettrica, per urti
meccanici od altri rischi.

(JA)

(KO)
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BRDINJUMS
(LV)
apkalpes rokasgrmata ir pieejama tikai angu valod.
Ja klienta apkalpes sniedzjam nepiecieama informcija cit valod,
nevis angu, klienta pienkums ir nodroint tulkoanu.
Neveiciet aprkojuma apkalpi bez apkalpes rokasgrmatas izlasanas
un sapraanas.
brdinjuma neievroana var radt elektrisks strvas trieciena,
mehnisku vai citu risku izraistu traumu apkalpes sniedzjam,
operatoram vai pacientam.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 8 Important Precautions
SPJIMAS
(LT)
is eksploatavimo vadovas yra prieinamas tik angl kalba.
Jei kliento paslaug tiekjas reikalauja vadovo kita kalba ne angl,
numatyti vertimo paslaugas yra kliento atsakomyb.
Nemginkite atlikti rangos technins prieiros, nebent atsivelgte
eksploatavimo vadov ir j supratote.
Jei neatkreipsite dmesio perspjim, galimi sualojimai dl elektros
oko, mechanini ar kit pavoj paslaug tiekjui, operatoriui ar
pacientui.
ADVARSEL
(NO)
Denne servicehndboken finnes bare p engelsk.
Hvis kundens serviceleverandr trenger et annet sprk, er det kundens
ansvar srge for oversettelse.
Ikke forsk reparere utstyret uten at denne servicehndboken er lest
og forsttt.
Manglende hensyn til denne advarselen kan fre til at
serviceleverandren, operatren eller pasienten skades p grunn av
elektrisk stt, mekaniske eller andre farer.
OSTRZEENIE
(PL)
Niniejszy podrcznik serwisowy dostpny jest jedynie w jzyku
angielskim.
Jeli dostawca usug klienta wymaga jzyka innego ni angielski,
zapewnienie usugi tumaczenia jest obowizkiem klienta.
Nie prbowa serwisowa wyposaenia bez zapoznania si i
zrozumienia niniejszego podrcznika serwisowego.
Niezastosowanie si do tego ostrzeenia moe spowodowa urazy
dostawcy usug, operatora lub pacjenta w wyniku poraenia
elektrycznego, zagroenia mechanicznego bd innego.
ATENO
(PT)
Este manual de assistncia tcnica s se encontra disponvel em
ingls.
Se qualquer outro servio de assistncia tcnica solicitar estes manuais
noutro idioma, da responsabilidade do cliente fornecer os servios de
traduo.
No tente consertar o equipamento sem ter consultado e
compreendido este manual de assistncia tcnica.
O no cumprimento deste aviso pode pr em perigo a segurana do
tcnico, do operador ou do paciente devido a choques eltricos,
mecnicos ou outros.
ATENIE
(RO)
Acest manual de service este disponibil numai n limba englez.
Dac un furnizor de servicii pentru clieni necesit o alt limb dect
cea englez, este de datoria clientului s furnizeze o traducere.
Nu ncercai s reparai echipamentul dect ulterior consultrii i
nelegerii acestui manual de service.
Ignorarea acestui avertisment ar putea duce la rnirea depanatorului,
operatorului sau pacientului n urma pericolelor de electrocutare,
mecanice sau de alt natur.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Important Precautions Page 9
!
(RU)

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UPOZORNENIE
(SK)
Tento nvod na obsluhu je k dispozcii len v anglitine.
Ak zkaznkov poskytovate sluieb vyaduje in jazyk ako anglitinu,
poskytnutie prekladateskch sluieb je zodpovednosou zkaznka.
Nepokajte sa o obsluhu zariadenia skr, ako si nepretate nvod na
obluhu a neporozumiete mu.
Zanedbanie tohto upozornenia me vysti do zranenia poskytovatea
sluieb, obsluhujcej osoby alebo pacienta elektrickm prdom, do
mechanickho alebo inho nebezpeenstva.
ATENCION
(ES)
Este manual de servicio slo existe en ingls.
Si el encargado de mantenimiento de un cliente necesita un idioma que
no sea el ingls, el cliente deber encargarse de la traduccin del
manual.
No se deber dar servicio tcnico al equipo, sin haber consultado y
comprendido este manual de servicio.
La no observancia del presente aviso puede dar lugar a que el
proveedor de servicios, el operador o el paciente sufran lesiones
provocadas por causas elctricas, mecnicas o de otra naturaleza.
VARNING
(SV)
Den hr servicehandboken finns bara tillgnglig p engelska.
Om en kunds servicetekniker har behov av ett annat sprk n engelska
ansvarar kunden fr att tillhandahlla versttningstjnster.
Frsk inte utfra service p utrustningen om du inte har lst och frstr
den hr servicehandboken.
Om du inte tar hnsyn till den hr varningen kan det resultera i skador
p serviceteknikern, operatren eller patienten till fljd av elektriska
sttar, mekaniska faror eller andra faror.
DIKKAT
(TR)
Bu servis kilavuzunun sadece ingilizcesi mevcuttur.
Eer mteri teknisyeni bu kilavuzu ingilizce diinda bir baka lisandan
talep ederse, bunu tercme ettirmek mteriye der.
Servis kilavuzunu okuyup anlamadan ekipmanlara mdahale etmeyiniz.
Bu uyariya uyulmamasi, elektrik, mekanik veya dier tehlikelerden
dolayi teknisyen, operatr veya hastanin yaralanmasina yol aabilir.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 10 Important Precautions
DAMAGE IN TRANSPORTATION
All packages should be closely examined at time of delivery. If damage is apparent, have notation
damage in shipment written on all copies of the freight or express bill before delivery is accepted
or signed for by a General Electric representative or a hospital receiving agent. Whether noted or
concealed, damage MUST be reported to the carrier immediately upon discovery, or in any event,
within 14 days after receipt, and the contents and containers held for inspection by the carrier. A
transportation company will not pay a claim for damage if an inspection is not requested within this
14 day period.
To file a report:
Call 1-800-548-3366 and use option 8.
Fill out a report on http://egems.med.ge.com/edq/home.jsp
Contact your local service coordinator for more information on this process.
Rev. Jan. 5, 2005
CERTIFIED ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR STATEMENT
All electrical Installations that are preliminary to positioning of the equipment at the site prepared
for the equipment shall be performed by licensed electrical contractors. In addition, electrical feeds
into the Power Distribution Unit shall be performed by licensed electrical contractors. Other
connections between pieces of electrical equipment, calibrations and testing shall be performed by
qualified GE Medical personnel. The products involved (and the accompanying electrical
installations) are highly sophisticated, and special engineering competence is required. In
performing all electrical work on these products, GE will use its own specially trained field
engineers. All of GEs electrical work on these products will comply with the requirements of the
applicable electrical codes.
The purchaser of GE equipment shall only utilize qualified personnel (i.e., GEs field engineers,
personnel of third-party service companies with equivalent training, or licensed electricians) to
perform electrical servicing on the equipment.
IMPORTANT...X-RAY PROTECTION
X-ray equipment if not properly used may cause injury. Accordingly, the instructions herein
contained should be thoroughly read and understood by everyone who will use the equipment
before you attempt to place this equipment in operation. The General Electric Company, Medical
Systems Group, will be glad to assist and cooperate in placing this equipment in use.
Although this apparatus incorporates a high degree of protection against x-radiation other than the
useful beam, no practical design of equipment can provide complete protection. Nor can any
practical design compel the operator to take adequate precautions to prevent the possibility of any
persons carelessly exposing themselves or others to radiation.
It is important that anyone having anything to do with x-radiation be properly trained and fully
acquainted with the recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurements as published in NCRP Reports available from NCRP Publications, 7910 Woodmont
Avenue, Room 1016, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, and of the International Commission on
Radiation Protection, and take adequate steps to protect against injury.
The equipment is sold with the understanding that the General Electric Company, Medical Systems
Group, its agents, and representatives have no responsibility for injury or damage which may result
from improper use of the equipment.
Various protective materials and devices are available. It is urged that such materials or devices be
used.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Important Precautions Page 11
LITHIUM BATTERY CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
CAUTION Risk of Explosion.
Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced.
Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Discard
used batteries according to the manufacturers instructions.
ATTENTION Danger dExplosion
Il y a danger dexplosion sil y a replacement incorrect de la batterie.
Remplacer uniquement avec une batterie du mme type ou dun type recommand par le
constructeur. Mettre au rbut les batteries usages conformment aux instructions du
fabricant.
OMISSIONS & ERRORS
Customers, please contact your GE Sales or Service representatives.
GE personnel, please use the Healthcare PQR Process to report all omissions, errors, and defects
in this publication.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 12 Important Precautions
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Revision History Page 13
Revision History
Revision Date Reason for change
1 Oct. 27, 2006 Initial draft.
2 03DEC2008 Chapter 2, Sections 3.3.1.16 and 3.3.1.17: Added references to
Saturn V2 circuit board.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 14 Revision History
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
List of Effected Pages Page 15
List of Effected Pages
PAGES REVISION PAGES REVISION
1 through 320 2
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 16 List of Effected Pages
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Table of Contents Page 17
Table of Contents
Preface
Publication Conventions ...................................................................................... 19
Section 1.0
Safety & Hazard Information........................................................................... 19
1.1 Hazard Messages............................................................................................................ 19
1.2 Text Format of Signal Words........................................................................................... 19
1.3 Symbols and Pictorials Used........................................................................................... 20
Section 2.0
Publication Conventions ................................................................................. 21
2.1 General Paragraph and Character Styles........................................................................ 21
2.2 Page Layout..................................................................................................................... 21
2.3 Computer Screen Output/Input Text Character Styles .................................................... 22
2.4 Buttons, Switches and Keyboard Inputs (Hard & Soft Keys) ........................................... 22
Chapter 1 System Overview & Safety.................................................................. 23
Section 1.0
Features ............................................................................................................ 23
1.1 Product Overview ............................................................................................................ 23
1.2 Acquisition Modes............................................................................................................ 23
Section 2.0
System Components........................................................................................ 24
Chapter 2 Theory of System Operation............................................................... 27
Section 1.0
Systems Cabinet .............................................................................................. 27
1.1 Components .................................................................................................................... 27
1.2 Systems Cabinet Internal Connections............................................................................ 27
1.3 Applications Software ...................................................................................................... 27
1.4 Digital System Saturn.................................................................................................... 28
1.5 Accessory Rack............................................................................................................... 32
1.6 X-Ray Generator ........................................................................................................... 32
1.7 AC/DC Unit ...................................................................................................................... 37
1.8 Power Distribution Unit (PDU) ......................................................................................... 38
Section 2.0
Generator Jedi .............................................................................................. 45
2.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 45
2.2 Technology Overview...................................................................................................... 47
2.3 Functional Description ..................................................................................................... 64
2.4 Block Diagrams................................................................................................................ 71
2.5 Switches, Jumpers and LEDS......................................................................................... 92
Section 3.0
Imaging System.............................................................................................. 102
3.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 102
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 18 Table of Contents
3.2 CCD Camera................................................................................................................. 104
3.3 Imaging Chain............................................................................................................... 106
Section 4.0
Positioning System........................................................................................ 111
4.1 Positioner Cabinet ......................................................................................................... 111
4.2 Application (Saber) Software ........................................................................................ 114
4.3 Movement Functions..................................................................................................... 114
Section 5.0
System Communications............................................................................... 126
5.1 CAN Bus ....................................................................................................................... 126
5.2 Ethernet......................................................................................................................... 130
Section 6.0
System Interconnects .................................................................................... 131
6.1 System Communications .............................................................................................. 131
6.2 Power Distribution......................................................................................................... 132
Section 7.0
Overhead Tube Suspension (OTS) ............................................................... 133
7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 133
7.2 Console......................................................................................................................... 134
7.3 Carriage ........................................................................................................................ 134
7.4 Collimator ...................................................................................................................... 135
7.5 OTS Counterpoise Theory of Operation ....................................................................... 136
Chapter 3 MX100 Tube Specifications Jedi 80RF2T .................................... 141
Section 1.0
Introduction..................................................................................................... 141
Section 2.0
Parameters ...................................................................................................... 141
Section 3.0
kW Rating - Track protection......................................................................... 141
3.1 Small Focus (0.6), High Speed (10000rpm).................................................................. 142
3.2 Large Focus (1.0), High Speed (10000rpm) ................................................................. 143
Section 4.0
Casing Protection........................................................................................... 144
Section 5.0
Anode Protection............................................................................................ 144
5.1 Heat Capacity................................................................................................................ 144
5.2 Anode cooling Curve..................................................................................................... 144
Section 6.0
Filament protection ........................................................................................ 145
6.1 mA limitation at low kV.................................................................................................. 145
6.2 Max mA......................................................................................................................... 146
6.3 Filament Drive Level ..................................................................................................... 146
Glossary of Acroymns & Their Meaning.......................................................... 147
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Preface Page 19
Preface
Publication Conventions
Standardized conventions for representing information is a uniform way of communicating
information to a reader in a consistent manner. Conventions are used so that the reader can easily
recognize the actions or decisions that must be made. There are a number of character and
paragraph styles used in this publication to accomplish this task. Please become familiar with them
before proceeding forward.
Its important that you read and understand hazard statements, and not just ignore them.
Section 1.0
Safety & Hazard Information
Proper product safety labeling allows a person to safely use or service a product. The format and
style for safety communications reflected in this publication represents the harmonization of IEC/
ISO 3864 and ANSI Z535 standards.
Within this publication, different paragraph and character styles are used to indicated potential
hazards. Paragraph prefixes, such as hazard, caution, danger and warning, are used to identify
important safety information. Text (Hazard) styles are applied to the paragraph contents that are
applicable to each specific safety statement.
1.1 Hazard Messages
Any action that will, could or potentially cause personal injury will be preceded by the safety alert
symbol and an appropriate signal word. The safety alert symbol is the triangle with an exclamation
mark within it. Its always used next to the signal word to indicate the severity of the hazard.
Together, they are used to indicate a hazard exists.
Signal words describe the severity of possible human injures that may be encountered. The alert
symbol and signal word are placed immediately before any paragraph they affect. Safety
information includes:
1.) Signal Word - The seriousness level of the hazard.
2.) Symbol or Pictorial - The consequence of interaction with the hazard.
3.) Word Message:
a.) The nature of the hazard (i.e. the type of hazard)
b.) How to avoid the hazard.
The safety alert symbol is not used when an action can only cause equipment damage.
1.2 Text Format of Signal Words
DANGER - INDICATES AN IMMINENTLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION WHICH, IF
NOT AVOIDED, WILL RESULT IN DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY. THIS SIGNAL
WORD IS TO BE LIMITED TO THE MOST EXTREME SITUATIONS.
WARNING - INDICATES A POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION WHICH, IF NOT
AVOIDED, COULD RESULT IN DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY.
Caution - Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in
minor or moderate injury. It may also be used to alert against unsafe practices.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 20 Preface
NOTICE - Indicates information or a company policy that relates directly or indirectly to the
safety of personnel or protection of property. This signal word is associated directly with a
hazard or hazardous situation and is used in place of 'DANGER,' 'WARNING,' or 'CAUTION.'
It can include:
Destruction of a disk drive
Potential for internal mechanical damage, such as to a X-ray tube
1.3 Symbols and Pictorials Used
The following Symbols and Pictorials are be used in this publication. These graphical icons
(symbols) may be used to make you aware of specific types of hazards that could possibly cause
harm.
keep_up
fragile
static_elec
keep_dry
general
torque
ce
magnetic
impact
heat
pinch
explosive
crush/mechanical
poisonmatl
biohazard
corrosive
general
radiation
electrical
tipping
entanglement
compressgas
heavyobject
laser
flammable
Read Manual
ppe-respitory
ppe-hearing
ppe-2people
ppe-loto
ppe-eye
ppe-gloves
instuction instuction
poisongas
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Preface Page 21
Section 2.0
Publication Conventions
2.1 General Paragraph and Character Styles
Prefixes are used to highlight important non-safety related information. Paragraph prefixes (such
as Purpose, Example, Comment or Note) are used to identify important but non-safety related
information. Text styles are also applied to text within each paragraph modified by the specific
prefix.
EXAMPLES OF PREFIXES USED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION:
Purpose: Introduces and provides meaning as to the information contained within the chapter,
section or subsection (such as used at the beginning this chapter, for example).
Note: Conveys information that should be considered important to the reader.
Example: Used to make the reader aware that the paragraph(s) that follow are examples of information
possibly stated previously.
Comment: Represents additional information that may or may not be relevant to your situation.
2.2 Page Layout
Headers and footers in this publication are designed to allow you to quickly identify your location.
The document part number and revision number appears in every header on every page. Odd
numbered page footers indicate the current chapter, its title and current page number. Even page
footers show the current section and its title, as well as the current page number.
Publication Part Number & Revision Number Publication Title
An exclamation point in a triangle is used
to indicate important information to the user.
Paragraphs preceeded by Alphanumeric
characters (e.g. numbers) contain infor-
mation that must be followed in a specific order.
Paragraphs preceeded by a symbol
(e.g. bullets) contain information that
has no specific order.
The current chapter and its title
are always shown in the footer of
the right (odd) page.
The current section and its title
are always shown in the footer of
the left (even) page.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 22 Preface
2.3 Computer Screen Output/Input Text Character Styles
Within this publication, mono-spaced character styles (fonts) are used to indicate computer text
thats either screen input and output. Mono-spaced fonts, such courier, are used to indicated text
direction. When you type at your keyboard, you are generating computer input. Occasionally you
will see the math operator greater-than and less-than symbols used to indicate the start and
finish of variable output. When reading text generated by the computer, you are reading it as
computer generated output. In addition to direction, characters are italicized (e.g. italics) to indicate
information specific to your system or site.
Example:
Fixed Output
This paragraphs font represents computer generated screen fixed output.
Its output is fixed from the sense that it does not vary from application
to application. Its the most commonly used style used to indicate
filenames, paths and text that do not change from system to system. The
character style used is a fixed width such as courier.
Example:
Variable Output
This paragraphs font represents computer screen output that is
variable. Its used to represent output that varies from application to
application or system to system. Variable output is sometimes found placed
between greater-than and less-than operators for clarification. For
example: <variable_ouput> or <3.45.120.3>. In both cases, the < and >
operators are not part of the actual input.
Example:
Fixed Input
This paragraphs font represents fixed input. Its computer input that is
typed-in via the keyboard. Typed input that does not vary from application
to application or system to system. Fixed text the user is required to
supply as input. For example: cd /usr/3p
Example:
Variable Input
This paragraphs font represents computer input that can vary from
application to application or system to system. With variable text, the
user is required to supply system dependent input or information. Variable
input sometimes is placed between greater-than and less-than operators.
For example: <variable_input>. In these cases, the (<>) operators would
be dropped prior to input. For example: ypcat hosts | grep <3.45.120.3>
would be typed into the computer as
ypcat hosts | grep 3.45.120.3
without the greater-than and less-than operators.
2.4 Buttons, Switches and Keyboard Inputs (Hard & Soft Keys)
Different character styles are used to indicate actions requiring the reader to press either a hard or
soft button, switch or key. Physical hardware, such as buttons and switches, are called hard keys
because they are hard wired or mechanical in nature. A keyboard or on/off switch would be a hard
key. Software or computer generated buttons are called soft keys because they are software
generated. Software driven menu buttons are an example of such keys. Soft and hard keys are
represented differently in this publication.
Example:
Hard Keys
A power switch ON/OFF or a keyboard key like ENTER is indicated by applying a character style
that uses both over and under-lined bold text that is bold. This is a hard key.
Example:
Soft Keys
Whereas the computer MENU button that you would click with your mouse or touch with your hand
uses over and under-lined regular text. This is a soft key.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 1 - System Overview & Safety Page 23
Chapter 1 System Overview & Safety
Section 1.0
Features
1.1 Product Overview
The Precision 500D is a classical R/F system. The main features of the system are:
Touch-screen User Interface (IUI)
Fully Automated Exposure Control
65kW or 80kW Jedi Generator
Optional Overhead Tube and Wall-stand
Digital Image Chain, comprised of:
- 32 or 40cm Image Intensifier
- High Resolution CCD Camera
- Digital Image Processor with a base storage capacity of 4,000 images
- Hi-Bright Monitors (21in and 17in)
The system is designed to be fully serviceable from the IUI touch screen interface, not requiring a
service laptop interface.
1.2 Acquisition Modes
The Precision 500D system can acquire diagnostic images using several different modes.
1.2.1 Digital Record
1.2.1.1 AEC
Fully automated exposure control, the exposure technique (kV, mA) is selected based on a
calculated patient thickness from the previous AEC exposure or previous fluoro exposure. The
exposure is terminated when the target dose is reached, as determined by the brightness pulses.
Single Exposure or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 exposures/second.
1.2.1.2 Fixed Time
Fully automated exposure control, the exposure technique (kV, mA, time) is selected based on a
calculated patient thickness from a previous exposure or, if no previous exposure, uses a default
patient thickness value.
Single Exposure or 1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6, 7 exposures/second.
1.2.1.3 Subtraction (DSA)
Digital Subtraction Angiography is a digital radiological procedure for the isolated visualization of
blood vessels. Several trial exposures are taken first, to calculate and confirm the patient thickness.
The calculated patient thickness is then used to set up an exposure technique for the DSA run.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 24 Section 2.0 - System Components
1.2.2 Digital Fluoro
1.2.2.1 Continuous
Operates with continuous x-ray tube current at 30 frames/second.
1.2.2.2 Pulsed
The x-ray radiation is turned on and off several times a second. This technique is used to reduce
the dose to the patient. Available pulse rate options are 3, 7 or 15 frames/second.
1.2.3 Radiography (Overhead Tube)
1.2.3.1 AEC
Operator selects kV and mA. The ion-chambers, in the table bucky or wall stand, are used to
terminate the exposure when the desired film density has been reached.
1.2.3.2 Fixed Time
Exposure at operator selected technique.
Section 2.0
System Components
The Precision 500D system is fully digital state-of-the-art Radiographic and Fluoroscopic system.
To identify the system components, see Figure 1-1.
Figure 1-1 System Components
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 1 - System Overview & Safety Page 25
Dose Printer - An option that produces hardcopy records of patient dose.
Bar Code Reader - An option used for entering data
Systems Cabinet:
Distributes power
Generates x-ray tube voltage and filament current.
Monitors and controls the system
Manipulates and stores digital images
Positioner Cabinet - Controls movements (longitudinal, lateral and vertical limits)
Positioner Table - Used to position the patient. It contains a table Bucky and Ion-chamber.
Intelligent Digital Device (IDD) - Used to control position movements, locks, limit exposures and
control image chain.
Imaging System - Creates and displays images. Consists of:
Image Intensifier
CCD TV camera
Optics
Overhead Tube Suspension (OTS) - An option used to make radiographic film exposures, using
the tabletop, table Bucky, or wallstand Bucky.
Monitors - Used to display patient information; live Fluoro and digital radiographic images.
Wall Stand - An option that is used primarily for chest x-rays.
Integrated User Interface (IUI)
Touch screen control located in the console.
Keyboard is used to manually enter patient data.
The CD-RW is used to archive patient images. Its also used to save and restore system
software.
Foot Switch - Activates Fluoro exposures. Also used in digital recording in conjunction with the
Prep switch.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 26 Section 2.0 - System Components
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 27
Chapter 2 Theory of System Operation
Section 1.0
Systems Cabinet
1.1 Components
The System Cabinet contains a Digital System, X-ray Generator and Power Distribution Unit (PDU),
and system communication accessories.
1.2 Systems Cabinet Internal Connections
See system cabinet drawing 2336900, located in schematics.
1.3 Applications Software
Saturn is the Digital acquisition and display computer/workstation used in the Precision 500D
product. Figure 2-1 shows the components making up that subsystem and its interactions with the
image chain and the rest of the system.
Figure 2-1 Saturn Block Diagram
The software on Saturn performs the following tasks:
OCB
IIPS
ADCM
CCD
II
-IIFOV
-II Grid
Voltages
Optics
PCI Bus
Image
Display
Board
Saturn
GITANE
SIB V3
Image
Correction
Board
Acquisition
Board
Digital CPU Board
Memory
Board
Static
Image
Board
(Option)
Parallel
Port
IDE
Floppy
Serial Port(s)
10 bits
storage
CCU
Board
ABS (ABD)
Backplane
Scan
Converter
Board
(Option)
ISA Bus
Digital Host
Board
(Option)
XRT
Collimator
Jedi
Integrated
UI +
Handswitch
Calypso
In-room
Monitor
(Live
Fluoro)
Control
Room
Monitor
In-room
Static Image
Monitor
(Option)
12 bits video/camera control/image link
image chain
CANbus
Image chain RT bus
(Bright_Sig)
system RT bus
positioner
Ethernet
Pos/OTS/Wall Stand/
Collimator Control (CAN)
8 bit RB 170 video
Ethernet
Generator
Control (CAN)
Generator RT
bus
Ion Chambers (3) Power &
Signal Cables
High Voltage Cables &
Stator
12bit
video
Image Bus
Sync
- NDF
- IRIS
- PHOTODIODE
Trigger out
CAM ready
Ext sync CCD
Magic PC
To DVD
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 28 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
Controls the Leeloo image chain during Fluoro and Record exposures by appropriately
configuring the CCD camera, Image Correction board (ICB), Gitane system interface board,
Camera control unit (CCU) and Optics Control board (OCB) for optimal image quality and
performance.
Supports the following acquisition modes: Continuous Fluoro at 30 fps with optional storage of
Fluoro images to disk, Pulsed Fluoro at 4 fps (3.75 actual), 7.5 fps and 15 fps, Digital Record
at 1, 2, 3, 4 (3.75 actual), 5, 6, 7.5 fps and single shot Digital Record exposures.
Controls the processing of acquired images on the Image Acquisition board (IAB) and their
display on the image monitor using the Image Display board (IDB). Images can also be stored
on the Image Memory Board (IMB) and then transferred to disk.
Displays exposure technique parameters and other system information received from Magic
PC on the image monitor, and stores them with the images.
Acquired images can be reviewed later. Stored images can be played back and manipulated
during review.
Interfaces with the rest of the system, by establishing local network connections with the
subsystems.
Provides dose feedback to the Exposure management software on Magic PC, which is used
to compute optimal Technique values for exposures.
Stores patient and exam data in a local database and provides external DICOM connectivity
to other DICOM-enabled severs and peripherals.
Provides the capability to perform image chain calibrations and diagnostic tests, including
hardware and functional diagnostics, including the Image Quality Signature Test (IQST) and
Video Data Path Integrity Test.
Provides the capability to interface with other peripheral components.
1.4 Digital System Saturn
The Digital System hardware is occasionally referred to as Saturn. The name Saturn and Digital
System is used interchangeably to mean the same hardware in the discussion that follows.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 29
1.4.1 Saturn V2
1.4.1.1 Digital System Block Diagram
Figure 2-2 Digital System Block Diagram
Figure 2-3 Digital System Exploded View (Saturn V2)
Imager
Digital System
Single Board Computer
Image Correction
(ICB)
Gitane
Digital Display Board
(DDB)
Static Reference
(SRB)
Digital Host
Control II
(DHCII)
Digital Acquisition Board
(DAB)
Digital Memory Board
(DMB)
CD-ROM
PCI Bus
Image Bus
Sys RT
Bus
Hard Drive
Backplane
Record On/Off
Reset
Sync Sync
Multi-Function
Connector
100BaseT
Ethernet
System
(UPS)
Power
IR Remote
Receiver
Serial
Port
Customer's Network
Image
Data
Power &
Control
Customer's
DICOM
Printer
Customer's
DICOM
Workstation
Customer's
DICOM
Worklist Broker
Customer's
DICOM
Archival Device
Power
Supply
System
(PDU)
Power
IR Remote
Transmitter
VGA to BNC
External To
System
Static
Ref
Monitor
LEGEND
PCI Bus
Image Bus
Between Digital System Boards
External to Digital System
Symbol Description
Keyboard
Control
Room
Monitor
In-Room
Monitor
System
(UPS)
Power
System
Hub
Composite
Video
Mouse
Composite
Video
System
(PDU)
Power
System
(PDU)
Power
CCD
Camera
Head
OCB
CAN Bus
& Image
RT Bus
Composite
Lo-Res Video
VGA
Video
Composite
Video
Router










Reset
PB




Magic PC
DVD
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 30 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
1.4.1.2 Saturn V2 Circuit Board Changes
Digital Acquisition Board (DAB)
The acquisition board accepts digitized 12 bit data from the ICB and outputs data on the Image Bus.
It handles pre-processing in real-time and consists of a frame buffer, ABD computation, a user-
programmable ROI, encoding LUT, and digital re-scaling gain. It also contains frame averaging
circuits providing for both conventional and Motion Corrected noise reduction. Recursive and non-
recursive frame averaging algorithms are used. It connects to the Gitane, ICB, PCI, and the Image
Bus.
PCI Interface
The PCI interface allows the Saturn software to communicate with the system boards. Commands
through the PCI bus configure the boards for proper operation and transfer data from the boards to
the CPU memory. The PCI interface also provides the reset logic. Reset can come in from the
system RT Bus (initiated by the customer through the IUI) or the PCI Bus (initiated by the SBC as
part of the Saturn reset process).
Image Bus
The Image Bus is a GEMS proprietary bus that moves data from circuit board to circuit board. The
Image bus is 1024x1024, 10 bit format at 40 MHz.
Gitane Board
The Gitane board provides the system interface for Saturn. It provides the interface and
synchronization for the image chain timing, as well as providing the means of controlling the image
head through a CAN bus. In addition, it provides the means for Saturn to respond appropriately to
resets. RS422 Interface circuits provide the signal translation between the external and internal
signal levels for the timing signals needed to synchronize the image transfer at the CCU. Interface
circuits provide the appropriate signal translation between the external and internal signal levels for
the timing signals needed to synchronize the image transfer at the ICB. A relay contact is provided
to control record on/off for a VCR. Several types of signals exist on the RT Bus including 16 RS485
differential lines, and the system reset contact closure. This logic provides the appropriate interface
type for each of these signals. The system reset signal is sent on to the PCI interface logic, while
the other signals are used in the System Logic FPGA. This is a relay contact closure driven through
the PCI interface FPGA. This contact is connected through the PC backplane and enters the single
board computer through the multi-function connector. As such, when this contact closes, a full reset
will occur in the Saturn PC.
Image Correction Board (ICB)
The Image Correction board is an off the shelf board from Thales that works together with the CCD
camera to deliver corrected digital images to the Saturn CCU board.
Digital Memory Board (DMB)
The Digital Memory Board interfaces to the PCI bus and to the proprietary Image Bus. The DMB
contains 256 Mb of memory. The Memory board is where Image data is temporarily stored before
being sent to the Hard disk or output on the Image Bus. When Digital Record, Fluoro Store or Fluoro
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 31
Loop images are acquired they are initially stored in the DMB before being copied out and written
to the Hard Disk.
When images are being retrieved from the Hard Disk for display on the monitor they are first written
to the DMB before being placed on the Image Bus, sent to the display board, and out to the monitor.
Digital Display Board (DDB)
The Digital Display Board is responsible for displaying the images during acquisition and image
review. The display board is the output video board for the Saturn Digital System. It has 2 identical
composite 73 Hz analog BNC video outputs and also a configure-able output for 525 line (NTSC)
or 625 line (PAL) video to a VCR and/or low resolution monitor. The display board contains circuitry
to carry out functions such as subtraction, pixel re-registration, edge enhancement, panning/
zooming, 4-on-1 and 16-on-1 review and Window/Level. It is connected to both the Image Bus and
PCI Bus.
Single Board Computer (SBC)
The Single Board Computer is a standard off the shelf CPU board. It contains the following
interfaces: PCI, ISA, Ethernet, Serial, Parallel, IDE, PS/2, and multi-function.
The CPU board contains a Pentium III processor with 128 Mb of memory running at 850 MHz. The
SBC plugs into the PCI and ISA busses on the backplane. The SBC supports several data and
input/output interfaces. It supports an ethernet controller that is used for communications with other
portions of the system. The PS/2 port is utilized for the keyboard. The serial ports are used for a
serial mouse and the Infrared Remote interface. The SBC interfaces to an IDE hard drive and CD-
ROM. The multi-function connector connects to the passive backplane and transmits the CPU
Reset and Hard Drive Activity signals.
Static Reference Board
The Static Reference Board is a PCI circuit board and provides a standard VGA output video signal
that is used for the reference image display.
The Static Reference Board is used to display a Static Image on a monitor if the user has purchased
the advanced package. It is one of the few boards in the Saturn Digital System, which connects to
the PCI Bus only and outputs SVGA video through a VGA connector. Only 3 connections are used;
Horizontal and Vertical sync, and video (green). A separate VGA to BNC converter is then used to
provide composite video to the in-room monitor.
Passive Backplane
The Passive Backplane contains three buses: PCI, ISA, and Image Bus. The backplane houses 13
board slots: 3 ISA, 1 PCI/ISA, 3 PCI, 6 PCI/Image Bus. The backplane has two PCI bridges and two
power connections.
Image Review
Images are read from the hard disk by the CPU and sent out over the PCI bus and written into the
Image Memory board. The memory board then sends them out over the Image Bus where they are
picked up by the display board and sent on to the monitor.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 32 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
Real Time Fluoro Display
Real time Fluoro data flows from the Camera head to the Image Correction Board, on to the Camera
Control Unit or CCU and then the Acquisition board. It travels from the Acquisition board to the
Image Bus flowing to the display board and finally to the monitor. If the VCR option is present, data
also flows from the Image Bus through the scan converter board and on to the VCR.
Digital Record/Pulsed Fluoro Acquisition and Storage
A Record or Fluoro Store Image flows from the Camera through the ICB, CCU and Image
Acquisition boards. Passing onto the Image Bus it is copied into the Memory and Display boards.
The Display board sends the image on to the monitor. The image data in the Memory board is
copied out by the CPU over the PCI Bus, and stored on the hard disk. If the VCR option is present,
data also flows to the scan converter board and VCR.
Fluoro Loop Store
Fluoro loop image data is captured in the memory board at the same time it is being displayed on
the monitor. The data stays in the memory board enabling immediate playback after acquisition.
The user must use the store loop button to send the images to the hard disk.
Static Reference Display
Static reference display data is taken from the display board and stored in RAM on the CPU. When
a static display is requested, data is sent on the PCI Bus to the Static Reference Display Board and
then out to the monitor.
External Device Transfer
To transfer data to an external device, images are pulled from the hard disk through the CPU and
sent to the appropriate board. Image data will be sent to the Host Control board for output to a local
Laser for hardcopy, or to the Ethernet board for output to a customer network.
1.5 Accessory Rack
The Accessory Rack includes some key assemblies in the Precision 500D system:
VGA/BNC Converter - converts the VGA video signal from the Digital System to a single wire
co-axial signal, used for the optional Static Reference monitor.
Ethernet Router - Used for the internal Precision 500D Ethernet network, DICOM and
broadband services.
Keyboard/Mouse Extender - Used to extend the Digital Computer's mouse and keyboard to
the control console area.
PDU I/O Board and power supply.
120VAC relay to PDU I/O - Used for signalling mains power failures.
Media converter - Used on early systems and later eliminated. Provides fiber to RJ45 media
conversion, and transmits external network into router WAN/Internet port.
1.6 X-Ray Generator
Additional information on the Jedi generator can be found in Section 2.0.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 33
1.6.1 Components
Figure 2-4 Generator Components
The generator (Jedi) supplies DC power to the x-ray tube. The Precision 500D system comes with
two different power versions, 65kW and 80kW. The following are major components of the
generator:
AC/DC Unit
Auxiliary 1 Unit
Auxiliary 2 Unit
Power Unit
kV Control Board
1.6.2 Generator Block Diagram
Figure 2-5 Generator Block Diagram
Phase Shift
Capacitors
Generic
Interface
AEC
Board
X-ray Tube 1
(Undertable)
X-ray Tube 2
(OTS)
kV Control
Rotation
Board
Low
Voltage
Power
Supply
Small
Fil.
Heating
Large
Fil.
Heating
Inverter
H.V. Tank
& Measurement Board
Heater Supply Voltage 160Vdc
CAN Bus
CAN Bus
to System
Controller
DC Bus 400Vdc to 800Vdc
Inverter
Controls
kV, mA
Measurements
Sm. Fil Drive
Lg. Fil Drive
H
V

C
a
b
l
e
s
H
V

C
a
b
l
e
s
3 Phase Input Power
(380 to 480Vac)
115Vac
Input Power
kV Switch Motor
kV Switch
Feedback
Ion
Chambers
Anode Rotation Drive
& Tube Temp. Fdbck (70
o
C)
RT Bus
Lg Filament Drive
Tube 1
Tube 2
Sm Filament Drive
Tube 1
Tube 2
Anode
Rotation
Drive
D
C

B
u
s

4
0
0
V
d
c

t
o

8
0
0
V
d
c
Tube
Switching Bd
MAINS_DROP
Oil Pump
Fan
Impedance
Matching
Capacitors

125A Fuses
EMC Filter
AC/DC
PR-Jedi Block
Page 1 of 6
Rev.1
Edward Singleton
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 34 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
1.6.3 Auxiliary 1 Unit
The Auxiliary 1 Unit contains the following:
Low Voltage Power Supply (LVPS)
Large Filament/Heater Board
Small Filament/Heater Board
Figure 2-6 Auxiliary 1 Unit
1.6.3.1 Low Voltage Power Supply
The LVPS supplies the generator with the required low voltages. It is powered by either 115Vac or
230 Vac. There are eleven output voltages: 15VCAN (supplies the kV Control Board, Filament
Heating and Rotation boards)
+15VEXT (not used with Precision 500D)
24V (supplies the Gate Control board in the Inverter)
24V FAN (four outputs - supplies power to the fans)
160V H1 (supplies DC voltage for the filament inverter)
160V H2 (supplies DC voltage for the filament inverter)
160V EXT (not used with Precision 500D)
1.6.3.2 Filament Heater Boards
There are two filament boards for fast exposure switching from one filament to another. The filament
boards supply three levels of filament heating current: Standby, Boost (for 400ms) and Exposure.
Small Filament: This board supplies heating current for the small filament.
Large Filament: This board supplies heating current for the large filament.
Note: One filament is in standby preheating mode while the other is in use.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 35
1.6.4 Auxiliary 2 Unit
Figure 2-7 Filament Heater Boards
The Auxiliary 2 Unit contains the following boards:
Rotation Board: This board generates the power to drive the anode rotation in either x-ray tube. It
can switch between a high and low speed drive by selecting the phase shift capacitors.
Tube Switching Board: This board switches all functions between the x-ray tubes and
receives status and tube temperature feedback. The following describes the functions and
feedback:
X-Ray Tube High Voltage Switching (sends drive voltage to motor in HV tank and receives
feedback)
X-Ray Tube Filament Heating Switching (switches large and small filament heating between
both tubes)
Anode Rotation Switching
X-Ray Tube Stator Impedance Switching (for different x-ray tube types, the system switches
capacitors to match the stator impedance.
X-Ray Tube Temperature Feedback (interlock generated at 70C)
Note: Tube Switching board also supplies either 115 Vac or 230 Vac to an oil pump or fan for tube cooling.
1.6.5 Power Unit
The Power Unit provides power to the x-ray tube and main control of the generator. It includes the
High Voltage Tank, Measurement Board and Inverter Assembly.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 36 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
Figure 2-8 Power Unit
High Voltage Tank: Contains the HV Transformer, rectifier, filament transformers, tube
switching motor and feedback switches.
Measurement Board: (part of the HV Tank): Measures and monitors kV and mA for safety
violations, then sends this information to the kV Control board.
Inverter Assembly: Contains four IGBT's (formed as a half bridge hypo-resonant inverter),
two fly back diodes and a resonance capacitor.
1.6.6 AEC and Generic Interface Boards
The Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) Board generates 230Vdc bias voltage for the ion chambers.
Up to four ion chambers can be connected (Precision 500D uses two of these). It also compares
the selected ion chamber output to a reference and generates a series of pulses, which are sent to
the KV control board.
The Generic Interface Board interfaces the internal CAN and RT Bus between the generator and
the system controller.
Figure 2-9 AEC and Generic Interface Boards
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 37
1.6.7 kV Control Board
The kV Control Board is the main control of the generator. It provides CPU control of the following:
Control and System Communication
Exposure Control (including rotation and heater)
mA Regulation
Tube/Generator Thermal Protection
Generator Configuration (stored on battery backed up NVRAM)
Tube and AEC Calibration (NVRAM)
Generator Diagnostics
Inverter Control
HV Chain Safety Interlocks and Monitoring (kV, mA, mAs, Inverter Current, Inverter Gate
Supply and DC Bus)
Main Generator CPU
Note: It also controls the Generic I/F board and CAN interface.
Figure 2-10 kV Control Board
1.7 AC/DC Unit
Figure 2-11 AC/DC Unit
The AC/DC Unit creates the DC Bus, which is a range of DC voltage from 400-800V. This voltage
feeds all the main generator functions including:
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 38 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
Inverter
Gate Drive Supply
Anode Rotation
1.8 Power Distribution Unit (PDU)
Figure 2-12 PDU
1.8.1 Main supply from Hospital
The hospitals mains provide the 3-phase power and grounds needed by the system to operate.
A circuit breaker, customer supplied, should be placed before the power supplied to the system
cabinet. A room emergency button is used to activate the circuit breaker, using a trip mechanism.
The pre-install manual shows how such a configuration might be wired.
1.8.2 The Mains Switch
Mains power from enters the system through a switch at the bottom of the cabinet. If this switch is
turned off, the power to the system is removed. Note that there may be power coming out of the
UPS even when this is off if the system was ON
1.8.3 Power Peak-Up
Three phases of power go from this point to the Jedi Generator. Two phases of power and ground
go to the Power Distribution Unit (PDU).
1.8.4 PDU
The PDU provides power to the system except for the three phase power to the Generator. The
system is designed to operate either at 60Hz or 50Hz. At the power input to the PDU there are tap
settings to select the voltage that is being supplied to the PDU (380V to 480V in increments of 10V).
This is a tap setting into the isolation transformer in the PDU so that the output voltage is always
Circuit Breakers 1 to 7
230Vac
Service Outlet
120Vac
Service Outlet
UPS
CB 8
Room InterfaceTerminal
Block
Power On
On
Emergency
Stop/Reset
Standby
Voltage Tap Selection
Terminal Block
(380 to 480Vac in 20V steps)
Circuit Breakers
CB 1 Positioner (Table)
Positioner
CB 2 Wallstand
OTS
CB 3 Monitors
Cabinet Fans
VCR
CB 4 120Vac and 240Vac Service Outlets
CB 5 Logic Board Power Supply
UPS
CB 6 Generator Auxiliary 1
CB 7 Generator Auxiliary 2
CB 8 Isolation Transformer Input
PR-PDU rev2
Drawn By Edward Singleton
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 39
same irrespective of the input voltage. There are two voltage outputs 120V/ 220V from the PDU.
Most of the system uses 120V. The Gantry tilt drive uses 220V. There is no voltage regulation in
the PDU. Each of the subsystems which use power manages the variation in the input voltage.
The output from the transformer goes through an EMC filter to minimize the electrical noise entering
the system or going back into the main power supply.
The output from the EMC filter goes through various relays to turn On and Off the various parts of
the system depending on what the state of the system is. These relays are driven by the PDU IO
logic board located on the top left side of the system cabinet.
The PDU also has service power outlets.
1.8.5 Corona2/ Lime Board
The Corona2 board turns on and off the various relays in the PDU based on the commands it
receives from the system controller computer called. In addition it provides the interface for the
room Emergency off and the door interlock. The corna2 and lime board control power to the magic
pc.
Th board is powered ON all of the time. This board is powered when the system is in the ON,
OFF or in the Standby state. When there is a power failure, till the computers are shutdown and
the UPS is shutdown this board is powered. Then the power is removed. When the room
emergency button is pressed, the power to this board is removed. There is a relay in the PDU which
connects the power supply located next to the PDU IO board to the main input power when the UPS
is off and connects to the UPS output when the UPS is On. This power supply provides power to
the PDU IO board.
This board gets commands from the system controller computer. The commands comes to the
board through the CAN bus.
1.8.6 Operational Power States
The In this section, the different states of operation for the system will be described:
Power On, Section 1.8.6.1
Standby
Shutdown, Section 1.8.6.2
Emergency Off, Section 1.8.6.3
Tableside Emergency Off, Section 1.8.6.4
Power Loss, Section 1.8.6.5
Reset, Section 1.8.6.6
UPS / Interlocks, Section 1.8.6.7
1.8.6.1 Power-On
There are three normal states to PDU operation: on and shutdown. Pressing the ON button (from
the RCIM2), sends a signal to the Logic/Relay Driver. Power (+24v) which is fed through the RT
bus. When the ON button is pressed on the RCIM2, it closes a contact and sends the 24V back to
the Corona2 board, which energizes relays K1 and K2. If the UPS is off, a Turn On signal is sent
to the UPS. The UPS turns on approximately two seconds later and supplies power to the
computers.
Firmware in the FPGA on Corona2 board coordinates activities. This device turns ON power to all
the components in the system at the same time and thus allows the system comes up.
See Figure 2-13.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 40 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
Figure 2-13 PDU Power-On
1.8.6.2 Shutdown
There is no power off hard button on this system. The system is turned off by selecting the
SHUTDOWN button in the UTILITIES menu on the User interface screen. Pressing the Shutdown
key (a soft key on the IUI) starts an orderly shutdown of the IUI, digital system and system controller.
When the shutdown is pressed on the IUI a message is send to all the computers. The computer
first sends a command to turn on a backup watch dog timer in the Corona2 board. During the
shutdown process if the computers get hung up, this timer will expire and force a hard shutdown of
the system.
Normally a command is sent to turn off power to most of the system except for the UPS, which
keeps the computers powered. The relays K1 and K2 are de-energized as a result of the shutdown
command. Thus removing power from the rest of the system.
The computers go through a shutdown process and at the end sends an Off command to the UPS
through a serial connection between the Corona2/Lime and the UPS. When the UPS is turned off
the watchdog timer running in the Corona2 board is cleared. See Figure 2-14.
Corona2 & Lime Bd.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 41
Figure 2-14 PDU Standby
1.8.6.3 Emergency Off
The room emergency button is a two pole two throw switch. One set of contacts is connected to the
room power supply main circuit breaker. So when this button is pressed the main circuit breaker will
trip and remove power from all components except for the ones powered by the UPS. The second
normally closed contact in the emergency switch is connected to the Corona2 board. This board
provides a 24 V to this switch and the return from the switch is monitored by this board. When the
switch opens this line, it is detected by the Corona2 board and it sends a hard-wired command to
the UPS to shut-off the UPS immediately. If there is a break in the wire in this circuit, the system
thinks that somebody pressed this button and the system will shutdown. See Figure 2-15.
Corona2/Lime Bd.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 42 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
Figure 2-15 Emergency Off
1.8.6.4 Tableside Emergency Off
This button is hard wired into the Corona2 board through wires in the RT bus. When this is pressed
the power to the Gantry, OTS and the wall stand is removed immediately by turning off the relays
in the PDU which provide power to these devices. The Corona2 board informs the Magic computer
regarding this action through the CAN bus. When the button is released, the power is restored to
these devices by turning on the relays in the PDU. See Figure 2-16.
Corona2/Lime Bd.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 43
Figure 2-16 Table Side Emergency Off
1.8.6.5 Power Loss
There is a UPS in the system to provide power to the computers (IUI, Digital System and System
Controller) when there is a short duration(30 seconds approximately) main power loss from the
hospital power supply. This also provides power to the devices to keep the communication between
the computers, keyboard and the modem. See Figure 2-17.
Corona2/Lime Bd.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 44 Section 1.0 - Systems Cabinet
Figure 2-17 Power Loss
1.8.6.6 Reset
When the Reset button on the RCIM2 is pressed, the following three steps occur simultaneously:
1.) A reset signal is sent to the two computers. If the computers are operating normally, they will
undergo an orderly shutdown and reboot. If the computers are hung, a hard reset will occur
after two seconds.
2.) The generator CPU board is reset.
3.) The positioner, wallstand and OTS power is cycled. The K3 relays stays on for ten seconds,
turns off for ten seconds and finally turns on again.
1.8.6.7 UPS / Remaining power interlock.
There is a hard-wired interlock in the PDU between the UPS output and the rest of the system power
output. Through this interlock, when the UPS output power is turned off the rest of the system power
output power is removed. This is to assure that the system is turned off even if there is a failure in
the communication between the Magic PC and the Corona2 board.
Corona2/Lime Bd.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 45
Section 2.0
Generator Jedi
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Jedi is GE Medical Systems name for a family of compact high frequency X-Ray generators used
in many of its products.
2.1.1 Standard features
A family of 150kV generators operates from 12KW up to 100KW for all the major radio logic,
fluoroscopic and CT applications. This family handles exposures ranging from 1ms to
continuous; ranging from 0mA up to 1000mA
These generators feature the very latest technology available:
- constant potential independent of the line voltage variations.
- power generation by a high-frequency converter (High voltage ripple: 40KHz-140KHz)
- distributed micro-processor controlled functions (CAN bus).
Single phase, three phase or battery power source.
Very low kV and mA ripple, excellent accuracies and dose reproducibility
Compatible with a wide range of tubes, high speed or low speed, supplies up to 3 different
tubes. Thermal load interactive integrator ensuring optimum use of the heat protection curve
of the x-ray tube
Serviceability: high reliability, fast installation (no generator calibration), application error
codes reported ensure fast troubleshooting
Meets CE marking (and in particular EMC), IEC, UL, CSA, MHW regulations (if required)
Optional pulsed fluoroscopy
2.1.2 Typical Applications
2.1.2.1 Rad
3 point mode
2 point mode
1 point mode
Automatic exposure control: AEC
Tomography
Automatic tomographic exposure (AET)
2.1.2.2 RF
3 points mode
2 points mode
1 point mode
0 point mode
Automatic exposure control: AEC
Tomography
Automatic tomographic exposure
continuous or pulsed fluoroscopy
Automatic brightness control in fluoroscopy (ABC)
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 46 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.1.3 Architecture
Refer to Jedi generator functional architecture block diagrams in Section 2.4. The Jedi family is
composed of:
1.) A kernel
- High voltage chain composed of kV control, HV power inverter and HV tank
- Anode rotation function
- Tube filaments heater function
- control bus for communication between the functions
- DC bus for power distribution to each function
- Input voltage to DC conversion: AC/DC function
- Low voltage power supply
- Application software, running on the kV control board
These functions are the Jedi core. They are present in all versions of the generator. A function
can be unique for all products or can be derived in several releases based on product
specification
Example: Anode rotation function is declined in 2 releases:
- low speed rotation for applications where the tube is a 3000 rpm max tube
- high speed/low speed rotation for applications where at least one of the tubes is a 8000-
10000 rpm tube
However, control bus is unique
2.) options, depending on the application
- System Interface for:
* CT
* RAD (console interface, room interface, AEC management present or not)
* ATLAS
- EMC function
- Grid function (RF, vascular)
- Bias function (RF, vascular)
- Tube management (2 tubes or 3 tubes option)
3.) packaging
The packaging architecture consists in a set of boxes which can be put together in several
ways to make it fit either in a cabinet or a console foot or a table foot. The boxes can also be
split in 2 units distant of several meters (example: CT gantry).
Depending on the configuration, the following modules will be found:
1 2 3 4 5
POWER
(1 box)
AUXILIARY
(1 or 2 boxes)
ACDC
(1 box)
Optional interface
(1 box plugged in the
Power box)
Grid/Bias
(optional)
(1 tank)
Table 2-1 Packaging Architecture
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 47
2.2 Technology Overview
2.2.1 kV Control
2.2.1.1 Introduction
The kV control function controls the generator. Its main functions include:
a CPU, which runs the generator software:
- console and/or system communications
- exposure sequencing (rotation, heater, exposure control)
- mA regulation
- tube and generator thermal protection
- generator configuration management
- tube, AEC calibrations
- generator diagnostics (application background diagnostics and service diagnostics)
1 tube
HV tank 1 tube
HV power
inverter
KV control
system interface
if not (4)
AEC function if
not (4)
Standard
Low Voltage Power
Supply (100W)
Heater function
Rotation function
3 Phase
EMC function
ACDC function
Rad interface
AEC interface
Ingrid tank
(plugged directly in
the X-ray tube)
2 tube
HV tank 2 tube
HV power
inverter
KV control
system interface
AEC function
2 heaters 1 tube
1st box
Low Voltage PS
(400W)
SF Heater function
LF Heater function
2nd box
Rotation function
1 phase
EMC function
(optional)
ACDC function
Low Voltage
Power supply
(100Wmono)
2 heaters Two tubes
1
st
box
Low Voltage Power
Supply (400W)
SF Heater function
LF Heater function
2
nd
box
Tube switch
function
Rotation function
1 heater Two tubes
1
st
box
Low voltage Power
supply (100W)
Heater function
2
nd
box
Tube switch
function
Rotation function
1 2 3 4 5
Table 2-1 Packaging Architecture (Continued)
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 48 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
a standard interface to system interface
a Control bus interface
exposure control
HV power inverter control
IGBT gate drive supply control
HV chain measures and safeties (kV, mA, mAs, inverter currents, inverter gate supply, DC
bus)
2.2.1.2 CPU Core
CPU is a Power PC micro-controller based CPU running at 50MHz. Program memory is a 2Mbytes
flash memory which allows the software to be downloaded through the system or laptop
communication path. Data memory contains a 256Kbytes RAM and 32Kbytes battery backed-up
RAM used to store the configuration/calibration/errorlog data. This memory also
includes a clock used mainly for thermal algorithm calculation.
The generator software is based on the VxWorks operating system and divided into several tasks
and layers:
communication tasks controls the various communication paths provided by the CPU
application task handles the exposure state machine
thermal management task
device controller tasks which identifies and then drives the kV control, mA control, heater and
rotation functions
Calibration and diagnostic functions are also part of the generator software
2.2.1.3 Standard interface to system interface
kV control provides a standard interface on which various system interfaces can be plugged
depending on the system configuration. This standard interface provides:
a CAN communication line
5 UART lines
5 configure able IO lines
4 system interface identifier lines
2.2.1.4 Control bus
kV control is connected to the generator through the internal communication bus:
CAN communication line used to drive heater and rotation functions
reset line (from kV control to other functions)
mains_drop (from LVPS board to signal without delay a drop on the main supply)
ctrl_to_grid (from kV control to grid for pulsed modes in vascular)
speed_cons_to_rotor (spare)
+15V (used to create locally 5V supply)
-15V
CAN is a network car industry standard. Its main purpose is to bring short command messages in
hostile environments over few meters up to hundreds of meters with a guaranteed latency and
without any information loss.
Defined for small systems, it does not require large amounts of software to encode and decode the
messages.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 49
The network hardware is based on a differential line (2 wires) driven at each node by a CAN driver
(ISO/DIS 11898 standard). The length of the network define the maximum network speed: 1Mbit/s
max up to 30m length, 500Kb/s up to 100m.
The messages have a fixed length. Their structure is the following:
an identifier field which defines at the same time the command number and the priority of the
command (smaller the command number is, higher is the priority)
8 bytes of data max
checksum of the message
The CAN protocol ensures that:
the highest priority message is send the first
if a message is corrupted, it is resent automatically
if more than 8 bytes of data must be transmitted, data is divided in packets of 8 bytes and
several messages are generated consecutively
2.2.1.5 Exposure control
CPU Core (Exposure control master)
Once the system connected to the generator is known, the CPU downloads the exposure
control configuration stored in a FPGA (DSP also in the case of PPC control board).
Then, the CPU manages the slow functions while the FPGA manages the hard real-time
functions:
FPGA
handles the system/generator IO lines (including exposure command lines, brightness...)
triggers/cuts the exposure
handles the HV power inverter safeties signals (by the DSP in case of PPC kv control board)
handles X-ray On signal
counts the mAs (n/a for CT applications)
generates the 1KHz microprocessor main interrupt
CPU
update the exposure state machine based on the signals send by the FPGA
generates the exposure enable to the FPGA once everything is ready for the exposure
calculates and applies kV, mA, exposure time, mAs
counts the exposure time
regulates mA each 1ms
counts the brightness for AEC (n/a for CT applications)
regulates brightness for ABC in fluoroscopy (n/a for CT applications)
handles heater and rotation errors
manages the event and error log
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DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 50 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.2.1.6 HV power inverter control
This function is controlled by the FPGA (or DSP + FPGA in the last KV control generation). It
handles the HV power inverter state machine. This state machine goes into its active states when
exposure control function triggers the exposure. Then the state machine successively drives each
IGBT gate. The delay applied between two consecutive IGBT on commands is calculated inside
the FPGA (or the DSP in the case of the PPC board).
This is the minimum time of the following two:
the parallel resonance time which represents the max delay not to go over (the inverter must
not be driven below the parallel resonance frequency)
the time calculated by the kV regulation
This second time is the result of the kV regulation loop whose role is to make the measured kV equal
to the kV demand:
kV measure is subtracted to kV demand to create error_kV (analog or 360 kV control board
and digital for the PPC board)
error_kV is divided in two parallel chains made of a kV error peak detection followed by a
analog to digital conversion (analog)
the digital error then feeds a digital PI (proportional Integral) regulator which calculates the
delay to apply before triggering the next IGBT (FPGA) for the 360 kV control (computed by the
DSP in case of PPC board)
Each IGBT off command is triggered by the 0 Amps crossing of the serial resonant current.
Figure 2-18 IGBT Command Timing
In case of tube spit, the state machine goes to the off state, stays 100us inside it and automatically
restart if the maximum number of tube spits is not reached. This time can be longer in the case of
RAD or RF products (4 ms, for example). At the same time, the main software counts the number
of spits and informs the system with a process depending upon the application.
IGBT commands from the FPGA then goes through drivers to the inverter. The drivers can be
disabled by a mains drop or an incorrect gate supply. The IGBT gate drive supply is controlled
synchronously with the inverter state machine:
gate supply voltage is read and compared to a reference
each two IGBT command, the gate supply IGBT is commanded with a duration proportional to
the gate voltage error
HV power inverter serial resonant
current
IGBT_HIGH command
IGBT_LOW command
ON
ON
IGBT
diode
curent
IGBT
diode
curent
IGBT
curent
IGBT
curent

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DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 51
between two exposures, the inverter being not running, the gate supply is regulated by at a
fixed (8KHz) frequency. Constant gate supply voltage is ensured by regulating the gate supply
command pulse width.
2.2.1.7 HV chain measure and safeties
HV chain is protected by fast and slow safeties. Fast safeties are implemented in analog form and
cut the HV power inverter state machine in case of error:
over kV
no kV
kV regulation error (at the 7
th
error in the exposure)
anode spit (after the max number of tube spits allowed for the application/tube)
cathode spit (after the max number of tube spits allowed for the application/tube)
max resonant current
gate supply ok
Slow safeties are based on measures made by the micro-controller. The following signals are
measured each 1ms:
kV measure
kV unbalance
kV demand
mA measure
HV tank temperature
gate supply voltage
DC Bus voltage
These measurements provide a second way to detect a fault condition in the HV chain and put the
generator in a safe state.
2.2.2 HV power Inverter and HV Tank function
2.2.2.1 Introduction
For this section see Figure 2-26 and Figure 2-27.
The HV function involves the following sub-assemblies
HV power Inverter
HV power Inverter LC
HV Tank
Tube
The main features of the function are:
HV power inverter principle is common for all applications. Several tierings have been defined
to cover the 12KW-100KW applications range:
- Battery powered HV power Inverter: 12KW-25KW inverter when supplied by 100VDC-
200VDC battery
- RAD/RF 32KW, 40 kW, 400mA, 640mAs inverter
- CT 36KW, 300mA max, 18720mAs max, 3KW average inverter
- RAD 50KW, 640mA, 640mAs inverter
- VASC/RF 100KW inverter
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HV Tank principle is common for all applications: 40kV-150kV, 0mA-1000mA max. Two HV
Tank types have been defined to cover battery powered generators on one side and the 1
phase or 3 phase products on the other side.
In the case where 2 tubes are connected to the generator, a 2 tubes HV tank with commutation
capability replaces the standard HV tank to connect the HV output to the right tube.
2.2.2.2 HV power Inverter principle
See Figure 2-26 for the following discussion.
The HV power Inverter is a hypo-resonant type half-bridge inverter. Power switches used are
IGBTs. Depending on the power requirements, either 1 IGBT per polarity is installed (2 IGBTs total)
or 2 IGBTs in parallel per polarity for high power applications (4 IGBTs total). The resonant circuit
presents two resonant frequencies:
A serial resonance frequency made by the resonant capacitor and the sum of all the circuit
serial inductors (including the HV transformer leakage inductance). Its frequency is fixed at
50KHz to 70KHz depending on the inverter tiering.
A parallel resonance frequency made by the resonant capacitor and the parallel inductance.
Its frequency is fixed at 20KHz for all tierings
The inverter drive frequency is ranging between the parallel frequency and the serial frequency. The
inverter is producing the maximum current when it is commanded near (under) the serial frequency
(ex: CT inverter produces 300mA at <=50KHz) and produces the minimum current when it is
commanded near (above) the parallel frequency (ex: 0mA at >=20KHz). Serial and parallel current
are measured by current transformers and used by the inverter control for the HV power inverter
command (see kV control section).
The HV power inverter is composed of two FRUs:
the inverter comprising:
heat-sink
IGBTs and aid circuit
gate command board
parallel inductor
The inverter LC composed of:
aid and serial inductor
filtering capacitors
resonant capacitor
serial and parallel current measure transformers
Each element can vary from one application to another. Some general rules can be drawn:
100KW requires 4 IGBTs
50KW and less require 2 IGBTs
value of resonant elements vary from one application to another because they are linked to the
peak power and the average power
gate command board is unique
With IGBTs being connected to the DC Bus, both their gate drivers and the gate drivers must be
isolated from ground. The IGBTs are controlled by the kV control board. The command is isolated
by small pulse transformers. They command a semi-power stage which drive the IGBTs gates. The
gate commands have the capability to drive up to two 400A IGBTs in parallel which is the case for
vascular power.
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DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 53
IGBT gate drivers supply is made by a small fly-back power supply fed by the DC Bus and regulated
by the kV control board (see kV control section). The fly-back IGBT command is made through a
pulse transformer. This supply produces +20V and -10V for IGBTs gates drives.
All inverter commands and measures (including inverter identificator) are going from and to the kV
control board through a bridge made by the HV tank kV measure board.
2.2.2.3 HV Tank principle
HV Tank is sealed by the kV measure board placed on top of it. This board must not be removed.
The HV Tank can be used in any position. A temperature measure is placed in the oil under the
cover and is used to track HV Tank temperature and to prevent overheating (max temperature
allowed is 67 degrees C).
The HV transformer presents two primary coils connected in serial and to the inverter LC. Four
secondary coils are connected in serial along with their rectifier/filter stage. The transformer ratio is
417 for 1 and 3 phase input line applications (which lead to a 400VDC-800VDC DC Bus) and is four
time higher for battery powered applications (which lead to a 100VDC-200VDC DC Bus).
Total HV filtering capacitor is 1nF inside the HV tank.
The inverter topology along with this HV filtering capacitor produces a HV ripple in the 40KHz-
140KHz range, not measurable at low mA up to a few percent at max mA.
Both cathode and anode kV are measured and reported to the kV control board for kV regulation,
kV safeties and tube spits detection. mA measure is made in the cathode side of the transformer
and transmitted to the kV control board for mA regulation and safety.
2.2.3 System interface
System interface is the FRU which adapts the generator to the system.
2.2.3.1 RF FUNCTION
Refer to Figure 2-39 in the following discussion. RF interface consists in:
Interface between the generator and the system consists in:
an isolated CAN communication line to the system
4 isolated RS485 lines:
- exposure command
- exposure enable
- X-ray on
- reset
One plug for AEC board option
2.2.3.2 AEC (Automatic Exposure Control)
AEC FUNCTION
Refer to Figure 2-28 in the following discussion. AEC board is able to drive up to four GEMSE
ionization chambers.
Two ionization chambers are used generally: One for table, the second for Wall stand.
One analog ion chamber is used in Uroview generator, for the table.
One analog ion chamber is used on the Precision 500D generator, for the Wall stand (note: a
digital AEC is used for the table digitally managed between system and Jedi)
The ionization chambers are connected in front of the Interface Module.
On each plugs (two) the following signals are available:
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Page 54 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
- Ionization chamber selection (1 to 4)
- Cells selection (Left, Middle or Right)
- Return voltage from ionization chamber (VAEC1 to VAEC4)
- High power supply (230Vdc) for ion chamber polarization (if necessary)
- Low voltage power supply (+/- 15Vdc)
AEC Function Principle:
During an exposure the output of an ionization chamber (VAEC1 to VAEC4) is monitored to
determine when the required density on film has been reached. This result is obtained by sending
pulses to kV control board (through Interface board). to increase the value in a software counter.
These pulses are also sent to a hardware counter followed by a DAC. The DAC output voltage is
then compared to the feedback voltage of the ionization chamber selected (AEC1 or AEC2). When
the return voltage of the ionization chamber is greater than the output voltage of the DAC, a new
pulse is generated. The exposure is cut when the software counter on kV control has reached a
calibrated value.
The value of the software counter is calibrated in service mode and it is depending of kV and
exposure time. These parameters are called: kVef and kT in calibration mode. The value VREF is
corresponding to the software counter value: VREF= kVef x kT
2.2.4 Heater function
2.2.4.1 Introduction
Refer to Figure 2-29 in the following discussion. The heater function involves the following sub-
assemblies:
Heater board
HV tank heater transformers
Tube filaments
The main features of the function are:
One type of heater board is available:
- a 1 inverter heater board for applications which do not a fast exposure switch from one
filament to the other. In this case, 1 inverter powers alternatively the two filaments.
- For applications which need fast exposure switch from one filament to another (This
requires to pre-light one filament when the other is used), 2 heaters board are used in
parallel.
Each heater board is able to drive all kind of filaments up to either 5,5A or 6,5A depending of
the filament type, and 10A in boost mode.
Heater function includes filament protection against overheating and filament open detection
2.2.4.2 1 Inverter Heater
Refer to Figure 2-29 in the following discussion.
The heater inverter is an hyper-resonant half bridge inverter fed by a 160VDC voltage provided by
the Low voltage power supply function or the battery voltage (100VDC-200VDC) in case of a battery
powered generator.
The resonant frequency is fixed at 20KHz, and the working frequency range is between 20KHz
(maximum power) and 60KHz (minimum power around 1,5A in the filament).
Current waveform in the inverter is approximately a sine wave. The inverter working frequency
range makes it completely inaudible.
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The filaments being at the cathode voltage, an isolation transformer for each filament is located in
the HV Tank. These transformers present a 1:1.25 ratio leading to a RMS current in the heater
inverter 1.25 times the filament current.
The inverter is switched to one of the two filaments by the focus selection relay.
The input voltage being referenced to ground, no isolation is required to drive the MOS switches
The heater drive mainly relies on a 16 bits, 20MHz, 32Kbyte memory micro-controller.
It is in charge of the main functions:
Get at power-up the heater database containing all the data required to drive the filaments
(through the CAN serial line of the Control Bus):
- filament max currents
- boost duration
- inverter current safety levels
Receive the commands (ex: go to filament=5A on small focus), and update the heater state
accordingly
Measure the inverter current and regulate the inverter
Simulate the filament temperature and protect it against overheating
Give the feedbacks (ex: filament=5A, errors) to the main software, and put the heater in a safe
state in case of error
Read the +15V, -15V (Control bus voltages), heater supply bus and inform the main software
The micro-controller commands the power bridge drive through an EPLD in charge of:
de-multiplexing the drive frequency to command the 2 MOS
stop the inverter in case a safeties which require a fast action: over-current, over-voltage
(=filament open detection), inverter short circuit, mains drop, tube temperature reaches 70
degrees
drive the focus selection relay and read its position
The filament current accuracy and reproducibility must be excellent (less than several 1/1000) to
ensure a good mA accuracy and reproducibility. Filament current being not measurable (because
at high voltage), the heater inverter current (and not the filament current) is regulated.
The heater inverter current is measured and converted to RMS. The RMS current is measured by
the micro-controller compared to the reference and the error leads to an adjustment of the inverter
drive frequency.
At the same time, the micro-controller tracks the filament temperature based on the filament current
applied and prevents overheating.
2.2.5 Rotation function
2.2.5.1 Introduction
Refer to Figure 2-31 in the following discussion. The rotation function involves the following sub-
assemblies:
Rotation board
Rotation capacitors module
Tube stator
The main features of the function are:
One type of rotation board is available: high speed (max speed=180Hz=10800rpm) rotation
board (with the capacity to drive the rotor in Low Speed)
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Each rotation board is capable to drive GE tubes (23Ohms/23Ohms stator), CGR tubes (50/
110) and all vendors tubes. Tube adaptation is made by selecting the right capacitors module
to adapt to the stator.
High speed rotation is capable to drive both tri-phased stator and bi-phased stators.
In the case where several tubes are connected to the generator, the Tube Management
module (optional module only present when several tubes are connected) manages the tube
selection. This module has the capability to mix up to 3 different tubes with different stators
The rotation function also manages the tube thermal safeties and the tube cooling commands
2.2.5.2 High speed rotation
Refer to Figure 2-31 in the following discussion.
Rotation Principle
Since the rotation function must be able to drive either tri-phased stator or bi-phased stators, the
inverter is a three-leg inverter with six IGBTs. This module is packaged in one pack.
The inverter is feed by the DC bus generated by the AC/DC board through a small EMC filter
(voltage 400VDC-800VDC for one or three phase input line generators, or battery voltage
(100VDC-200VDC) for battery powered generators).
The inverter drive uses a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) of the IGBTs commands.
This principle consists in applying a periodic command on the IGBTs equal to the speed selected
in order to generate a sine wave current in each phase at the anode speed frequency with the
optimum angle between the phases.
Inside this fundamental command frequency, the IGBTs commands duration is modulated in order
to get the right level of current in the phases.
Figure 2-19 Example of bi-phased SLEM motors high speed drive timing
1
2 6 4
3 5
P
Common
A
IGBT_1
ON
IGBT_3
IGBT_5
rotation speed period (ex:180Hz)
motor current amplitude modulation
OFF
IGBT_2 / IGBT_4 / IGBT_6 = opposite of IGBT_1/ IGBT_3 / IGBT_5
inverter
phase P current
inverter
phase A current

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Depending on the stator windings number (2 or 3), of their impedance and of the speed selected,
the main and auxiliary phases are either connected directly to the phases (example: in high speed
mode on a tri-phased low impedance stator, in low speed mode for a bi-phased stator, in high speed
brake) or through a module of shift capacitors whose role is to put the right angle between the
phases to ensure maximum efficiency in acceleration and run.
This capacitor module is defined for each stator and so different from one stator to another.
Rotation is including a relay which allow to put the capacitors in the circuit and to short-circuit it
depending of the state of the rotation drive.
As the IGBTs are connected to the DC voltage, IGBTs gates drives require isolation. This is
accomplished through opto couplers. Gates drives power supplies are generated by a small fly-
back power supply which uses the +15V of the Control Bus to generate 4 isolated +15V to power
each IGBT gate (and the 5V for all logic function).
The rotation drive mainly relies on a 16 bits, 20MHz, 32Kbyte memory micro-controller.
It is in charge of the main functions:
Get at power-up the rotation database containing all the data required to drive the stator
(through the CAN serial line of the Control Bus):
- currents reference for each state
- acceleration and brake durations
- inverter current safety levels
Receive the commands (go to speed=10000rpm), and update the rotation state accordingly
Measure the inverter currents and regulate the inverter (fundamental and modulation)
Give the feedbacks (speed=10000rpm, errors) to the main software, and put the rotation in a
safe state in case of error
Read the tube safeties and drive the tube cooling
- The micro-controller commands the power bridge drive through an EPLD in charge of:
- mixing fundamental and modulation commands
- de-multiplexing the PWM command to command the 6 IGBTs
- stop the inverter in case a safeties which require a fast action: inverter overload, mains
drop, tube temperature reaches 70 degrees
- drive the high speed relay
Fundamental frequency is applied so that the sine wave in the phases is at the frequency
corresponding to the desired anode speed. It is calculated by the micro-controller.
The modulation of the IGBT commands is the result of a regulation loop which ensure to reach the
right current level for the tube and the rotation state (example: high speed acceleration current = 7A
for Qj tube, high speed run current = 2A for Qj tube).
This loop ensure optimum acceleration performances in all conditions of DC bus and of stator
temperature.
The current is measured inside 2 phases, reconstructed for the third phase.
Then the measure is compared to the reference value and the error leads to an adjustment of the
modulation rate.
All rotation states are regulated except the brake. Brake includes a state where a DC current is
generated in open loop mode, the commands frequency depending only of the tube and the line
voltage.
The rotation function has capabilities which are not yet developed like:
variable speed profiles for tri-phase motor drive
anode speed control
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Tube Cooling
The high speed rotation board handles the following functions:
supply and reading of two tube thermo-switches (typically 40 degrees and 70 degrees). The
information is send to the main software which takes appropriate actions based on the tube
and system
when supplied by a 1 phase 115VAC or 230VAC, capability to power permanently a tube lamp
when supplied by a 1 phase 115VAC or 230VAC, capability to power a fan and/or pump and/
or to trigger a chiller whenever decided by the main software based on tube and system
read-back of the cooling supply voltage to prevent tube damage in case of a no cooling
condition
Note that the tube cooling supply (115VAC or 230VAC) must be isolated from ground and protected
by a fuse at the source wherever this voltage is created.
2.2.6 Switching Tube Function
Refer to Figure 2-38 in the following discussion. This function is realized with the following sub
assemblies:
Two Switching Tubes board
Two tubes HV tank with motorized internal switch
The Two Switching Tubes board ensures
the switch of the rotation stator currents (delivered by the rotation board) between tube 1 and
tube 2 with management of the shift capacitors. It may have 4 shift capacitors 2 per tube -
used for high speed with the selected tube or shorted for low speed)
the switch of the filament currents from the heaters board to the Two tubes HV tank
the management of the cooling supply between tube 1 and tube 2
the management of the thermal security signals between tube 1 and tube 2
the control of the motor for the High voltage switch and the management of the HV tank
position switches
the dialog through CAN bus with the main generator software.
The two tubes HV tank contains
the same high voltage stage than the standard single tube HV tank
an internal mechanical switch allowing a selection between two High Voltage outputs (4 HV
receptacles)
a motor driving the mechanical switch controlled by the Two Switching Tubes Board.
2.2.7 EMC filter function
2.2.7.1 Introduction
EMC filter is designed to make the generator compliant with the EMC conducted noise and
immunity regulatory by filtering the HV power inverter noise (rotation noise is mainly filtered on
rotation board).
It is placed at the power input of the generator and mainly composed of one to several (L,C) filters
cells placed in cascade to filter common mode noise (filters referenced to ground) and differential
mode noise (filters between phases).
EMC filter is declined in:
single phase version
three phase version
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2.2.7.2 3 phase EMC filter
Refer to Figure 2-32 in the following discussion.
2.2.8 AC/DC
2.2.8.1 Introduction
AC/DC function consists in creating the DC Bus. Standard DC Bus range is 400VDC-800VDC.
This voltage is feeding all the main generator functions (inverter, gate drive supply, low voltage
power supply, rotation).
DC Bus to the auxiliary functions (gate drive supply, low voltage power supply, rotation) is protected
by a fuse rated to protect them against short circuits.
Note that the mains phases feeding the generator must be protected wherever they are created with
a rating matching generator power requirements.
AC/DC function is declined in:
single phase version
three phase max power version
2.2.8.2 Single phase AC/DC
This function is designed to create a DC Bus in the 400VDC-800VDC range when supplied by a
230VAC (200 to 240V) input.
The design uses a voltage doubler principle to generate the right DC Bus voltage.
If the mains is lower than 230VAC, an auto-transformer may be required to generate a 240VAC
input to the generator.
The function includes a set of storage capacitors whose role is to limit the DC voltage drop during
the exposure.
The capacitors number required to run up to 32KW exposure being high, the generator power-up
requires a pre-load at low charging current. Once the capacitors are charged, the pre load resistor
is shunted for normal operation through a contactor.
The capacitors also require a discharge circuit to comply with a fast access to the generator once
it is powered off.
In order to protect the discharge circuit against overheating, three successive ON/OFF sequences
are allowed. After the third, the software inhibits any ON command within 15mn.
2.2.8.3 3 phases max power AC/DC
Refer to Figure 2-33 in the following discussion.The function mainly includes differential modes
filters. The main storage capacitors are designed to limit the DC Bus drop during the kV rise.
2.2.9 Low voltage power supply (standard LVPS)
This fly-back type power supply generates the +15V/-15V supplies for the generator. At the same
time it creates the heater supply voltage.
This power supplies is powered by the main DC bus. It means that all the generator is off when the
3 phases are off.
Low voltage power supply is declined in 2 versions:
- for 3 phases application
- for 1 phase applications:
2.2.10 Low Voltage power supply 400W (LVPS400)
Refer to Figure 2-37 in the following discussion.
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The LVPS400 board is designed to supply the various circuits of the JEDI generator with the
required low voltages. The board communicates with JEDI generator by the mean of a CAN
bus and one real time line (MAINS_DROP). It is intended to be connected to a fuse protected
230V RMS Mains. (115V RMS with a specific strap). It has 11 specific outputs:
P15VCAN and M15VCAN to supply mainly the PPC board and the low voltage parts of
HEATER boards and ROTATION board.
P15V EXT intended to supply mainly the low voltage circuits of the grid control tank - InGrid
tank- (If required)
24V GATE to supply the Gate control board of JEDI main inverter (HELIOS application) or a
ON/OFF contactor (in UROVIEW single phase system).
Four specific outputs (24V FAN) intended to connect fans. Each output can drive two fans
connected in parallel, so depending on the considered system, up to eight fans can be used.
Each output voltage is programmable by firmware
Two outputs 160 H1 and 160V H2 designed to supply two different HEATER boards for XL and
XS filament. (if required)
160V EXT to supply the INGRID tank power circuits (if required).
The board monitors the output voltage and current. Depending on the values, it may generate
warnings, which are sent to the kV control board, but the exposure is not interrupted.
Refer to the Low voltage power supply Bloc diagram in appendix:
2.2.10.1 Circuits description.
The LVPS400 board is constituted by
A rectifier stage
An auxiliary fly-back inverter which provides three specific voltages P15V, M15V and P7V
intended to supply the control and regulation circuits on the board
A main regulated inverter with four separate outputs: P17V, M17V, P26V and P160V
Eleven separate regulators with individual ON/OFF function controlled by the LVPS micro
controller
A control circuit
AC/DC Stage
This stage is composed by an EMI filter (L1, C19, C12), a rectifier bridge U10 and a tank capacitor
formed by C34,C43,C47,C36. The CTN U11 and U15 are used to limit the inrush current. For
115VRMS operation, pins 1 and 2 of J2 connector must be externally connected. A voltage doubler
stage is formed by two diodes of U10 and the capacitors C34 and C43 on one side, and the
capacitors C36 and C47 on the other side. The neon lamp DS8 lights as long as the capacitors C34,
C43, C47, C36 are not completely discharged.
The Mains AC input is monitored by the two signals LINE1 and LINE2. The needed isolation is
made by opto couplers U16. The DC signal, at the output of the rectification stage CR112 and
CR113, is applied to the comparator U14 which provides the signal _LINE ON to the micro controller
(needed data to generate MAINS_DROP to the JEDI generator and allow a preventive data back
up when the ac input voltage disappears)
Auxiliary fly-back inverter
It is a stand-by power supply which delivers the internal voltages needed on the LVPS400 board.
The inverter is supplied from the DC bus and protected by an internal fuse. The inverter is made
with an integrated fly-back driverU101, a switch Q16 and the transformer T1. The T1 secondary
voltages are rectified by the diodes CR24, CR128 and CR25.
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Main inverter
POWER STAGE
The switches Q7 and Q12, the inductance L9 and the capacitors C52 and C53 are the main parts
of a resonant inverter working above the resonant frequency of about 20kHz. The transformer T2
provide the needed isolation and with its four secondary windings it can deliver after rectification,
the voltages P17V, M17V, P26V, P160V. The input lines of the gate switch drivers U19 are isolated
by opto couplers U20. The main inverter can be disabled by the LVPS micro controller with the
INV_ON signal (state 1 = inverter enable)
CONTROL AND FEEDBACK CIRCUIT
The switch control signals _CMD_INV_H and _CMD_INV_L are derived from a sawtooth generator
and the two comparators U17 and U18. The sawtooth generator is set up with the integrator U2
(1,2,3) and the comparator U2 (8,9,10) which drives a diodes switch CR102 to commute the voltage
of CR3 or CR4. The comparison level of U2 comparator is issued by the output 7 or 14 of U2
depending on the sawtooth polarity (diodes switch CR1). We obtain in this way a voltage /period
generator. This control voltage is derived from an inverter current measurement and a signal
_CONS_I_INV (output 14 of U5) calculated from error voltage.
The error signal is calculated from the reference voltage P10REF and the lowest voltage among
P160V, P26V and P17V (in respect to their nominal value) by the amplifiers U5 and U13 an the
diodes switches CR7 and CR8
When we start the inverter the signal _INV_ON has a transition from 1 to 0, Q3 is OFF and the
feedback reference voltage (On the Q3 drain) rise at a rate depending on R151, C10, C11 and
C118. followed by the inverter output voltages
Regulators
P15V, M15V, 15V EXT, 24V GATE REGULATORS
These four linear regulators are the same type. They show only a slight difference in components
choice to take into account the various output power. The P15V CAN regulator, for example
includes:
A ballast transistor Q13
A driver stage Q123, Q124
An error amplifier U13 which compare the output voltage to the reference voltage M10REF
An enable /disable circuit Q117, Q5 with a rising voltage ramp R28, C23
A LED DS7 shows when the P15V CAN supply is ON.An image of the output voltage is sent to the
micro controller to measurement MEAS_V_P15_CAN
160V H1, 160V H2, 160V EXT REGULATORS
These three linear regulators are the same type that the previous one but in this case the error
amplifier and driver stage are made with a two differential transistors stage Q132 and Q133 for
160V H1 output
24V FAN1, 24V FAN2, 24V FAN3, 24V FAAN4 REGULATORS
These four regulators consist in a pulse width modulation switching stage. So each output can be
adjusted to the right value by the firmware.(taking in count temperature measurements) The PWM
signal is delivered by the micro controller. For the 24V FAN1 the switch is made by Q13 and the
MOS Q108, the output smoothing filter L5, C8, C114. An over current detection is provided with the
shunt R102 and the comparator U8 (_OVER_I_FAN1)
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Control and Auxiliary Circuits
The control of LVPS400 board is made by the micro controller U7 which manage the CAN bus by
the mean of a transceiver CAN U1. A specialized circuit U6 reset the micro controller at power on.
A red LED DS5 lights when the micro is in reset state. The two LED DS3 and DS4 blink alternatively
in normal operation.
An integrated voltage reference circuit U12 and the amplifiers U9 generate the two needed
reference voltage P10REF and M10REF.
2.2.11 Generator Software
The generator software runs on the kV control CPU.
Its main function are:
console and/or system communication
exposure sequencing (rotation, heater, exposure control, mA regulation)
tube/generator thermal protection
Image quality algorithms
tube, AEC calibrations
Tube/generator tracking
generator diagnostics (application background diagnostics and service diagnostics)
2.2.11.1 System Communication
The generator has some communication capabilities: CAN, RS232 (not for PPC kV control).
Each communication path is connected to the application software through a communication driver.
This mechanism allows:
to have the same generator behavior regardless the communication path used to drive the
generator
to connect several interfaces at the same time on the generator
2.2.11.2 Tube/generator Thermal Protection
The generator software simulates HV power inverter, HV tank and tube temperature in real time.
These algorithms are based on generator and tube models. They use the real kV and mA applied
to the tube.
They are used to protect the generator and tube against overloads.
They are also used to predict the exposure parameters/number of exposures allowed based on the
current generator and tube thermal status.
The algorithms parameters are tube and generator power dependent. They are included in the tube
and generator database downloaded in the generator during manufacturing integration or
installation.
Depending on the system using the generator, the algorithms can be either active or inhibited.
For CT systems, the tube thermal algorithm included in the generator is inhibited. Tube protection
is managed at the OC level.
2.2.11.3 Calibrations
Calibrations handled by the generator software are:
AEC calibration
tube filament calibration
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See the service manual for a description of these calibrations. These calibrations do not apply to
CT systems.
FILAMENT AGING
Tube filaments are aging during the tube life leading to mA inaccuracy. In order to get accurate mA,
the mA accuracy is tracked all over the tube life:
At the beginning of each exposure, the difference between the mA demand and the real mA is
measured
The drift is recorded. It is used with a slow time constant to correct the filament drive initial values.
During all the generator life, the software logs the drift on both focal spot in the generator saved
RAM.
2.2.11.4 Tube Spits Counting
The generator software counts the number of tube spits occurring during an exposure.
The count generates an error if:
the number of tube spits exceeds the maximum number allowed for the medical application (X-
ray applications: 7 spits, CT applications: (100+8*T) spits where T is the exposure time in
seconds)
the tube spits rate exceeds the maximum allowed for the medical application (CT applications:
20 spits/0,1s, X-ray applications n/a)
In both cases, the exposure is stopped and the error is reported to the system.
If the count do not exceed the limits, the number of spits is reported to the system at the end of the
exposure.
During all the generator life, the software adds the number of tube spits detected and log it in the
generator saved RAM.
2.2.11.5 Generator Usage Tracking
During all the generator life, the software logs in the saved RAM the following parameters:
Tube Filament aging corrections for small filament
Tube Filament aging corrections for large filament
Tube Total number of spits
Tube Anode + cathode spits
Tube Anode spits
Tube Cathode spits
Tube kV regulation spits
Tube Number of anode accelerations (new)
Tube Number of exposures on small filament
Tube Number of exposures on large filament
Tube Cumulated energy on small filament
Tube Cumulated energy on large filament
Tube Cumulated Rad exposure time on small focus
Tube Cumulated Rad exposure time on large focus
Tube Cumulated Fluoro time
Tube Cumulated mAs
Generator Max Temperatures for IGBT (simulated)
Generator Max Temperatures for Diode (simulated)
Generator Max Temperatures for Snubber (simulated)
Generator Max Temperatures for Base (simulated)
Generator Max Temperatures for Base_snubber (simulated)
Generator Max Temperatures for Heat-sink (simulated)
Generator Max Temperatures for 3mF Capacitor (simulated)
Generator Max Temperatures for HV Tank
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2.2.11.6 Diagnostics
Refer to troubleshooting for diagnostics functions.
2.3 Functional Description
2.3.1 Power-on Sequence
Generator power on can be achieved by various ways depending on the system (circuit breaker,
console ON/OFF, PDU contactor).
In all the cases, generator power on starts when input phases are applied to the generator.
For three phase Generator, the DC voltage rises on the AC/DC board when this voltage reaches
200VDC, the low voltage power supply starts providing the +15V/-15V bus (Rotation Leds DS1/DS2
lighting).
The +15V rise triggers the 5V rise on the kV control, heater and rotation (Led DS3 lighting) boards.
For single phase Generator, a DC voltage (400VDC,DS2 lighting)) is provided on ACDC board to
supply the low voltage power supply (NE1) as soon the input phases are applied. The low voltage
power supply starts providing the +15V/-15V bus (Rotation Leds DS1/DS2 lighting) and the
160VDC (DS1) for Heater board.
The +15V rise triggers the 5V rise on the kV control, heater and rotation (Led DS3 lighting) boards.
At this stage, many actions take place in parallel:
kV control:
- software starts running the PRDs (1s) (in case of error, Leds S0-S7 display an error code)
- software downloads the kV control FPGA which starts regulating the inverter gate drivers
supply (in case of error Leds S0-S7 display an error code)
- software checks the hardware configuration:
* reads inverter identification
* reads HV tank identification
* reads system Interface identification
* talks on Control Bus to identify the function present
- In case of single phase generator. The software monitor the DC Bus pre load and full load
through low voltage power supply board. The sequence is the following:
* Check the DC Voltage value=0
* Monitor pre load relay on ACDC board during 15 seconds
* Check DC Bus voltage over 400V
* Monitor load contactor for full charge
* Remove pre load Relay after 5 seconds
* Check the DC Bus voltage over 450VDC min. and under 850VDC max
* In case of a wrong sequence an error is generated.
heater:
- micro-controller starts running the PRDs (in case of error, Led ST0/ST1 flashes)
- then goes to the idle state
Generator Max Temperatures for Inverter board
Generator DC_bus min. in preparation
Generator DC_bus max in preparation
Generator DC_bus min. during exposure
Generator DC_bus max during exposure
Generator Time since first power-up
Generator Cumulated Power-on time
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- heater supply bus reaches its final value
rotation:
- micro-controller starts by running the PRDs (in case of error Led ST0/ST1 flashes)
- then goes to the idle state
- gates drive supply reaches its final value
- DC Bus reaches its final value
inverter: DC Bus reaches its final value on inverter LC and on gate drive supply
Once each main function is alive, kV control:
- checks the generator configuration consistency (in case of error, error message TBD is
send)
- installs the right hardware drivers
- talks to the system or the console (in case of no system/laptop presence detected, kV
control Leds S0-S7 display an error code)
- configures the final kV control FPGA
- sends to rotation and heater their database based on the knowledge of the tube selected
At this level, if no error has been detected, the generator is ready for the exposure procedure.
2.3.2 kV function
Refer to Figure 2-34 in the following discussion. KV function is mainly controlled by the kV control
exposure control function.
After power on, the exposure control FPGA is downloaded by the main CPU (and also DSP in case
of the PPC kV control board).
The FPGA then:
configures the real-time lines to the system
drives the inverter gate drive supply to provide the right voltage for the IGBT gates
monitors the DC bus voltage, the IGBT gates voltage
Then the CPU receives the kV, mA, exposure time commands.
When the CPU receives the exposure enable signal (either by a communication message or by a
real time hardware line both linked to the prep button), it drives the filament drive and anode rotation
During this preparation phase, kV reference is applied to the hardware.
Once these functions are ready, CPU informs the exposure control that the generator is ready for
an exposure.
When exposure command goes in its active state, the CPU;
starts exposure time counter
starts mAs and brightness counters (for AEC cut-off) (if required by the application)
measures kV demand, kV measure, DC bus, gate voltage, HV tank temperature each 16ms
during the exposure
calculates new kV, mA reference in RAD tomography or ABC
applies new kV, mA reference if the system/operator changes the parameters
Exposure control:
starts the HV power inverter by driving the IGBTs
put X-ray on in its active state
regulates the inverter
monitors the hardware safeties: tube spits, no kV, over kV, HV inverter over current, kV
regulation error
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 66 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
When either exposure command goes down, exposure enable goes down, a fatal safety occurs or
a timer reaches its final count, the exposure control:
stops the inverter
puts X-ray on in its inactive state
CPU:
store tube spit count, exposure count, exposure parameters
computes the generator thermal status
When a tube spit occurs, exposure control stops the inverter 100us, informs the CPU that reads and
store the error, verify if the max number of spits is not reached, and restart if authorized. If it is a
hardware failure: exposure control stops the exposure, reports the error to the CPU, which in turn
that reports the error to the system.
When a measure goes out of range, the CPU stops the exposure and reports the error to the
system. The CPU also stores the error in the generator error log.
2.3.3 mA function
Refer to Figure 2-35 in the following discussion. mA function is mainly controlled by the kV control
CPU function.
After power on, the CPU sends a preheat command to the heater function (except for application
where preheat is not used).
Then the CPU receives the kV, mA and exposure time commands.
When the CPU receives the exposure enable signal (either by a communication message or by a
real time hardware line both linked to the prep button), it calculates the acquisition filament drive to
apply to the filament in order to match the required tube mA.
This calculation is based on:
the filament drive values stored in the tube database
the interpolation to calculate the filament drive for the (kV, mA) point selected
the filament aging correction
Then it either:
calculates the filament boost command to apply to the filament to fasten the filament
temperature rise and send it to the heater function. In this case, the boost duration is 400ms
and is followed by the acquisition command send to the heater function.
or do not use any boost command and directly send the acquisition command to the heater
function
When exposure command goes in its active state, the CPU:
starts the exposure
measures the mA each 1ms (start 5ms after exposure start), compares it to the mA demand
and calculates the filament drive to apply to reach the mA demand
sends each 1ms, the new filament drive to the heater function
updates mA demand if required by the system or by generator algorithm (ABC mode, falling
load mode, variable mA mode)
checks mA accuracy
The heater function:
gets the filament drive demand each 1ms
measures the heater inverter RMS current two times per 1ms, compares it to the filament drive
demand and applies the inverter frequency to reach the right filament drive current
checks inverter RMS current to avoid exceeding the max filament temperature
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 67
sends each 100ms the inverter RMS current measure to the kV control CPU
When exposure command goes in its inactive state, the CPU either stay with the last filament drive
demand or goes in preheat mode or stops filament drive to allow a fast filament cooling before going
preheat. The rule depends on the application.
2.3.4 Rotation function
Refer to Figure 2-30 in the following discussion. Rotation function is mainly controlled by the kV
control CPU function.
When the CPU receives the exposure enable signal (either by a communication message or by a
real time hardware line both linked to the prep button), it sends the anode speed reference to the
rotation function.
Upon receiving this command, the rotation drive:
compares it to the present anode speed. If the present speed is lower:
gets from the tube database the current required to accelerate the anode and the acceleration
time to apply
drives the inverter with the frequency required for the speed selected
measure the phases currents, compare them to the current demand and applies the
modulation rate to supply the right stator current
counts the acceleration time
monitors rotation safeties
sends back each 100ms the speed to the kV control CPU
The speed feedback is used by the kV control CPU to authorize exposure
Once the acceleration time is complete, the rotation drive applies the inverter current required for
the anode speed maintain.
When exposure command goes in its inactive state, the CPU either:
sends a speed=0 command to the rotation to stop the anode rotation
applies a hold time to maintain the anode rotation speed before stopping it
applies a hold time to maintain the anode rotation speed before going to a low speed mode
depending on the application.
2.3.5 Power Supplies Distribution
Refer to Figure 2-36 in the following discussion.
2.3.6 Exception Handling
JEDI software performs auto-test at power up and continuously monitors the correct operation of
its functions during application. Any miss functioning is stored in the Jedi error log and reported to
the system through a protocol that vehicles error code.
Errors found can only be reported if the generator is powered on and alive.
2.3.6.1 Diagnostics
There are different levels of diagnostics:
Power on Diagnostics
At power up, the kV control performs its own initialization, checks its memory integrity (Checksum
of program and NVRam), and starts the communication with its peripherals and the system;
Communication is permanently checked afterwards. Then it initializes the Rotation board and
Heater board with their respective Data base parameters and loads kV control FPGA.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 68 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
8 LEDs (S7.S0) on kV control board show the software status.
During power on, the Heater board and the Rotation board CPUs initialize themselves and check
their memory integrity and hardware. If a problem is encountered, a PRD error is reported to the kV
control.
Alive Diagnostics
1.) Under application. Faults will be reported through an error code and associated message.
Some are straight forward and drive to the root cause. Refer to recommended action in the
error list.
2.) Diagnostics run separately:
- Heating without HV nor rotation
- Rotation without HV nor filament
- Inverter gate command diagnostic
- Inverter in Short circuit diagnostic
- no load HV without anode rotation nor filament heating
- AEC diagnostic
3.) Manual diagnostics: Through troubleshooting guide based on error message or when the
generator does not reply.
2.3.6.2 Error Code Structure
The error code structure described in this chapter applies to the JEDI error detection and logging.
JEDI error log file can be accessed from the system through the system error log viewer.
When an error is detected, it is sent to the system and is logged in parallel in the JEDI error log file.
The file contains 64 logs maximum. Each log shows the following structure:
The first four fields will be described in the following paragraphs.
The field data associated with the error code shows detailed information about the state of the
generator when the error occurred. Examples: rotation high speed acceleration state, small focus
preheat, tube number 1 selected
The field number of occurrences is used to log the same error occurring several times
consecutively. Instead of filling the error log file with the same error several times consecutively, the
first error is logged and the following errors are recorded through increasing the number of
occurrences field.
The field date and time stores the date and time when the error occurred. This is the Jedi internal
date and time which may be different of the system date and time. In case of logging several time
the same error, the field is indicating the date and time of the first occurrence.
Simplified
error code
Generat
or
Phase
Error
class
Error
code
Data associated to
the error code
number of
occurrences
Date and
time
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 69
Simplified Error code definition
The simplified error code is a grouping of the Jedi error codes. This field gives a fast understanding
of which part of Jedi is faulty.
Generator Phase definition
The generator phase field contains the state of the generator when the error occurred:
Error class definition
There are 5 classes of errors that correspond to different levels of impact to the system.
Class of errors correspond to the seriousness of the error and the system software will manage
operations upon it.
Simplified error code Description
30 Tube Spits errors
40 Rotation errors
50 Heater errors
60 Exposure errors (HV inverter+mA measure+exposure control)
70 Power Supply errors (low voltage + DC bus)
80 Hardware errors (internal communications + cables)
90 Application errors (saved RAM+software)
100 external communications errors
110 thermal errors
120 Manipulation errors
130 Ingrid errors
140 Tube switch errors
10 rotation warnings (engineering use)
20 heater warnings (engineering use)
25 LVPS warnings (engineering use)
27 application warnings (mainly saved RAM battery change)
Table 2-2 Simplified Error code definition
Generator phase Description
0 idle: entered in diagnostic mode
1 Powered-Up; Waiting for Configuration
2 Stand by: Config done. Waiting for a preparation command
3 Preparation in Progress: JEDI gets ready to take X-rays
4 Ready for exposures (Rotor at speed; Filament; HV inverter drive ready;
no errors): waiting for an exposure command
5 High voltage on
6 error detected and not yet cleared
Table 2-3 Generator Phase definition
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 70 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
Error code definition
Each error code consists in two fields (which cannot be generated and used separately):
the first field describes the Jedi function which is faulty (referred to as function code)
the second field describes the error detected
Example: Error code 0306 means: 03 means high voltage generation function and 06: no kV feedback on
anode.
Class Description
1 Errors which have no impact on the system operation.
Those are errors detected in background diagnostics during application. They are
referred as Warning errors, to monitor drifts and used for engineering tracking.
The generator phase remains unchanged.
They are stored in JEDI error log.
2 Errors which are detected by JEDI and that are recoverable automatically without
noticeable effect on the system, such as error related to recovered tube spits.
The generator phase remains unchanged.
Those errors usually occur during exposure.
3 Errors detected by JEDI during exposure. They stop the exposure and turn the generator
in a safe state.
Error will be reset on Exposure Command release. It will require another Exposure
Command to restart the sequence.
The generator phase is set to error until the error is cleared
4 Errors which are related to any hardware failures, software application or communication
errors.
JEDI will turn to a safe state.
If preparation is in progress, it is stopped.
They are cleared either by a reset error action from the system (for system having a reset
error mechanism) or by a prep release or by a new prep command.
The generator phase is set to error until the error is cleared.
Application can not work if errors is persistent.
5 Those are codes that may rise up when generator or tube temperature limits are reached.
The application waits until the thermal information disappears. The error information is
temporary.
The generator phase is set to error until the error is cleared.
Table 2-4 Error class definition
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 71
FUNCTION CODES LIST:
2.4 Block Diagrams
2.4.1 JEDI Generator / Functional Architecture
Function Code Description
01 rotation
02 heater 1
03 Kv control
04 mA control
05 power supplies
06 system interface
07 software
08 application
09 tube control
10 tube switch
11 Grid/bias
12 Heater 2
13 AEC
14 hardware
15 Operator errors
Table 2-5 Error code definition
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 72 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
Figure 2-20 JEDI generator / functional architecture
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 73
2.4.2 JEDI Generator / Np+ Functional Architecture
Figure 2-21 JEDI generator / Np+ functional architecture
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 74 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.3 JEDI Generator / Tiger Functional Architecture
Figure 2-22 JEDI generator / Tiger functional architecture
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 75
2.4.4 JEDI Generator / Precision 500D Functional Architecture
Figure 2-23 JEDI generator / Precision 500D functional architecture
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 76 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.5 JEDI Generator / 68360 kV Control
Figure 2-24 JEDI generator / 68360 kV control

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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 77
2.4.6 JEDI Generator / PPC KV Control
Figure 2-25 JEDI generator / PPC KV control
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 78 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.7 JEDI Generator / HV Power Inverter
Figure 2-26 JEDI generator / HV power inverter
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 79
2.4.8 JEDI Generator / HV Tank
Figure 2-27 JEDI generator / HV Tank
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 80 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.9 JEDI Generator / AEC Functions
Figure 2-28 JEDI generator / AEC functions
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 81
2.4.10 JEDI Generator / Inverter Heater
Figure 2-29 JEDI generator / 1 inverter heater
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 82 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.11 JEDI Generator/ Rotation Function
Figure 2-30 JEDI generator / rotation function
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 83
2.4.12 JEDI generator / high speed rotation
Figure 2-31 JEDI generator / high speed rotation
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 84 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.13 JEDI generator / 3 phase EMC filter
Figure 2-32 JEDI generator / 3 phase EMC filter
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 85
2.4.14 JEDI generator / 3 phase mid power AC/DC
Figure 2-33 JEDI generator / 3 phase mid power AC/DC
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 86 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.15 JEDI generator / kV function
Figure 2-34 JEDI generator / kV function
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 87
2.4.16 JEDI generator / mA function
Figure 2-35 JEDI generator / mA function
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 88 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.17 JEDI generator / power supplies distribution
Figure 2-36 JEDI generator / power supplies distribution
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 89
2.4.18 JEDI generator / LVPS400 function
Figure 2-37 JEDI generator / LVPS400 function
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p
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 90 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.4.19 JEDI generator / Switch Tube function
Figure 2-38 JEDI generator / Switch Tube function
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 91
2.4.20 JEDI generator / Interface function: Generic I/F
Figure 2-39 JEDI generator / Interface function: Generic I/F
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 92 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.5 Switches, Jumpers and LEDS
2.5.1 GEN IF board
Figure 2-40 GEN IF board
J1
Supplies for Ingrid (Not used on
Precision 500D)
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
J7
J8
J9
J10

Connectors Definitions
Not used on Precision 500D
Not used on Precision 500D
Not used on Precision 500D
Not used on Precision 500D
Not used on Precision 500D
To AEC board (control)
External CAN to and from
system
Control for Ingrid (Not used on
Precision 500D)
Digital signals from and to
KVCTL bd
DS1 - Green
External CAN
reception
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 93
2.5.2 PPC KV CONTROL board
Figure 2-41 PPC KV CONTROL board











Connectors used on Precision 500D
J1 From HV tank (digital&analog signals)
J2 Internal CAN (to auxili aries units)
J4 To Gen IF board (digital signals)
DS19 to 26 (yellow): Error
indication.
See diagnosis document.
Blinking successively if no
DS1: Gate cmd
OK (yellow)
DS2: 3.3V
DS3: 5V
DS4: -15V
input
Voltage LEDs are green
DS10 (red): Reset
DS11 (red): BDM (active
only in manufacturing)
DS12 (yellow): R_CAN_X
DS13 (yellow): T_CAN_X
DS14 (yellow): TX_TAV
DS15 (yellow): RX_TAV
DS16 (yellow): TX_CONS
DS17 (yellow): RX_CONS
DS8 (yellow):
DSP OK
Power supplies test points:
TP3: 3.3V GND: TP1, 2, 5, 9
TP4: int 15V
TP6: +5V
TP7: int +15V
TP8: +1.8V
DS18: future use
DS5: -15V
internal
DS7: +15V
internal
DS6: +15V
input
Swit ches and Jumpers
SWITCH OR
JUMPER
FUNCTION
RST RESET PUSH BUTTON
I ndicators
INDICATOR COLOR INDICATES:
CONF Re d FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY
(FPGA) CONFIGURATION NOT
ACCOMPLISHED
OK Yellow INVERTER GATE POWER SUPPLY OK
TX_TAV Yellow TRANSMIT TO SERVICE LAPTOP
RX_TAV Yellow RECEIVE FROM SERVICE LAPTOP
TX_CONS Yellow TRANSMIT TO CONSOLE (IF EXISTING)
RX_CONS Yellow RECEIVE FROM CONSOLE (IF EXISTING)
T_CAN_X Yellow SYSTEM CAN BUS TRANSMIT
R_CAN_X Yellow SYSTEM CAN BUS RECEIVE
HALT Re d MICROPROCESSOR HALTED
RESET Re d BOARD BEING RESET
S0 TO S7 Yellow STATUS LED
IN APPLICATION MODE THESE LEDS
FLASH IN SEQUENCE CONTINUOUSLY
DS1 Gre en -15V SUPPLY
DS2 Gree n +15V SUPPLY
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 94 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.5.3 QUAD SNUB board
High Voltage Present: Do not go into Generator until DS1 and DS2 (Green LEDS) go out.
Figure 2-42 QUAD SNUB board

DS1 / DS2 :
Presence of DCBUS
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 95
2.5.4 GATE CMD board
The following hazards may be present
High Voltage: Do not touch board until DS300 on this board and DS1 on the Dual Snub
Board are out
Hot surface on transformer T300 and heat sink.
Figure 2-43 GATE_CMD board
D
S1
00
D
S1
02
D
S2
00
D
S1
01
DS100 -Yellow -Low IGBT*
(Q100) Gate Command runn ing
DS101 - Green - Presence of
+20 V Supply on low IGBT*
Gate Command
DS200 - Yellow - High
IGBT* (Q200) Gate
Command runnin g
DS102 - Green - Presence
of -10 V Supply o n low
IGBT* Gate Command
DS202 - Green - Presence
of -10 V Supply on high
IGBT* Gat e Command
DS300 - Neon (Orange) -
Presence of voltage on DC
bus for Flyback Converter to
cr eate power suppli es for
both Gate Commands
* Insulat ed Gate
Bipo lar Transi stor
D
S3
00
D
S2
01
D
S2
02
DS201 - Green - Presence
of +20 V Supply on high
IGBT* Gate Command
J4 : DC bu s
J1 :
Inver ter
cur rent
feedback
ILP
ILR
J5 : Parallel
inductor
temp eratu re
J3 : t o KVmeas board
on HV tank
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 96 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.5.5 KV MEASURE (Two Tubes board)
This board forms part of the oil seal of the High Voltage Tank. It can only be removed at the
factory. The Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) is the complete HV Tank.
Figure 2-44 KV MEASURE (Two Tubes board)








Connector s definition
J1 To Gate Cmd board
(Inverter control)
J2 From KVCTL board
J3 Filament currents
from Auxiliaries
J7 Future use
J9 Switch motor
control
mot_n
mot p
r ef_mot
pos_mot_2
pos_mot_1
mot_p
mot_n
mot_n
mot p
To Motor
Supply
LF I
SF I
C
LF II
SF II
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 97
2.5.6 HEATER board
Non insulated
voltages
present
HIGH VOLTAGE: DO NOT GO INTO GENERATOR UNTIL INDICATOR DS3 GOES OUT
Figure 2-45 HEATER board

160V DC
0V DC
DS4 Yell ow
Inverter Output
Running
ON Yellow
Inverter
Command ON
Common
SF
LF
DS3 Green
+160Vdc present
DS2 Yell ow - Status
DS1 Yellow - Status
RST Red Board being
reset or powered up
SF-LF Yellow Small
Focus/Large Focus relay
feedback
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 98 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.5.7 Rotation Board
Non insulated
voltages
present
HIGH VOLTAGE: DO NOT GO INTO GENERATOR UNTIL INDICATOR DS6 AND DS7 (NEON-
ORANGE) GO OUT.
Figure 2-46 ROTATION board
DS6
Common
DC bus
Auxil iary
DC bus
Main
DC bus

I ndicators
INDICATOR COLOR INDICATES:
RESET Red BOARD BEING RESET OR POWERED UP
INV_ON Yellow THE INVERTER IS RUNNING
DS1 Green PRESENCE OF +15 V SUPPLY
DS2 Green PRESENCE OF -15 V SUPPLY
DS3 Green PRESENCE OF +5 V SUPPLY
DS4-DS5 Yellow BOARD STATUS
DS6 Neon (orange) FAN VAC POWER SUPPLY PRESENT
DS7 Neon (orange) DC BUS PRESENT
J2 Wi ring

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
X-ray tube
Thermal safety
Fan, 115V AC
Li ne i nput * *
Fan*, 115V AC
Line
115V
Sense **
* used i n appl ication wi th fan cooli ng tube
** used i n appl ication wi th tube pump
contr ol.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 99
2.5.8 TWO SWITCHING TUBES Board
Figure 2-47 TWO SWITCHING TUBES Board

DS5 - Red Board reset
DS3/DS4 - Yellow
Board alive if
blinking
DS2 - Green +15V
DS1 - Green -15V
To Rotation Board
TP5 Stator Main
Phasecurrent
TP6 Stator
Auxil iar y Phase
curr ent
TP7 -Stator Common
Phasecurrent
TP3 DCBUS-N
TP4 DCBUS-P
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 100 Section 2.0 - Generator Jedi
2.5.9 LVPS400 Board
Be aware of the following:
HIGH VOLTAGE: DO NOT GO INTO GENERATOR UNTIL DS8 (NEON - ORANGE) GOES
OUT.
THE RECTIFIER BRIDGE ON THIS BOARD CAN BECOME VERY HOT.
Figure 2-48 LVPS400 board










WARNING
OF
LOCAT ION

DS9 Green
160V_ext
(not used in
Precision)
DS3/DS4 Yellow
Board alive if
blinki ng
DS5 Red
Board reset
DS1 Green
15Vext
(Not used in Precision)
DS2 Gr een
24Vgate
(Not used in Precision)
DS8 - Orange Neon
indi cates presence of
Dcbus (A C voltage at
LVPS400 input )
DS6 Green
-15V CAN
DS7 Green
+15V CAN
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 101
2.5.10 AC/DC 3 Phase board
Be aware of the following
DO NOT GO INTO GENERATOR UNTIL DS1 (NEON - ORANGE) GOES OUT.
Some components on this board can become very hot.
Figure 2-49 AC/DC 3 Phase board

F1 Fuse Protects
(on DCBUS) :
Rotation Board,
Gate Command Board
Type : 15A , 600VDC
DS1 Neon Orange
Indicates presenceof
voltage (>70Vdc) on
DCBUS
Rectifier Bridge
DCBUS to
Main Inverter
J1 : DCBUSto Rot ation module
J2 : DCBUSto Gate Command
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 102 Section 3.0 - Imaging System
2.5.11 AEC Board V2
Figure 2-50 AEC Board V2
Section 3.0
Imaging System
3.1 Overview
Several hardware components work together to produce diagnostic images. See Figure 2-51.
N1 - Orange (neon) -
Presence of 230 VDC
AEC3 AEC4 AEC2 AEC1

TESTPOINT MEASUREMENT

SIGNAL RA NGE
TP1 230 VDC 230 VDC _5%
TP2 230 VDC 230 VDC _5%
TP3 230 VDC 230 VDC _5%
TP4 230 VDC 230 VDC _5%
TP5 AEC assignment reference 0 to 10 V
TP6 10 VDC (reference) 10 VDC _1%
TP7 AEC return voltage
TP8 AEC1 return voltage
TP9 AEC2 return voltage
TP10 AEC3 return voltage
TP11 AEC4 return voltage
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 103
Figure 2-51 Imaging System
The Optics Control Board sends and receives signals, to and from the Gitane board over the CAN
RT lines. The OCB provides +/- 12v power to the Photodiode Board (PDB), controls the amplifier
circuits on the PDB, sets PDB gain, and counts the pulses of the frequency signal from the PDB.
Results are sent to the Gitane through the RT line.
The OCB also controls the Image Intensifier power supply, ADCS, NDF filter position and Iris
position. Motor over-current detection circuits on the OCB protect the motor, and not the OCB.
The Fan operates on +24VDC and is used to cool the CCD
The ADCS measures the actual earths magnetic field by running current through a coil around the
II to collapse the earths field. A new feature, includes an integrated EFC (Earth Field
Compensation) tool. No calibration is required but the ADCS must be set to the correct II size.
Note:
Configure
ADCS to correct
II size
The ADCS has a serial link connection to the OCB. The ADCS is configured by s/w (through OCB/
RS232 messaging) to be operative with 32 cm or 40 cm Image Intensifiers. This is set during
manufacture or can be set by Service personnel. Service: when an ADCS is replaced this
parameter must be configured to match the your Image Intensifiers size. Please Take care about
that: if the ADCS is mis-configured, the earth field compensation does not work properly!
II High Voltage Power Supply (HVPS) supplies power to the focusing and size grids for each field
of view. It also supplies high voltage for the anode. The HVPS is specific to II type.
CCD Camera contains photo sensitive semiconductor and control electronics. The CCD converts II
light output to a 12 bit digital video signal. CCD technology offers many benefits:
Low dark current
Little lag
30 frames/second at 1024 x 1024 pixels
Progressive scanning
High resolution and brightness uniformity
Good quantum efficiency
The optics assembly provides an optical interface between the image intensifier and the CD
camera.
Photdiode Board
Optics Control Board
Fan
Active Distortion
Correction Module
(ADCM)
II Power
Supply
CCD Camera
Optics Assembly
Image
Intensifier (II)
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 104 Section 3.0 - Imaging System
The Photodiode Board Assembly contains Photodiodes, which convert light to a voltage. The
assembly is composed of the Photodiode board, a mask, and a neutral density filter. See Figure 2-
52. A voltage to frequency (V/F) converter is used to change the voltage to a pulsed signal.
Figure 2-52 Photodiode Assembly
3.2 CCD Camera
Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) are not vacuum pickup tubes but integrated circuits that have a
large number of microscopic photosites or pixels arranged in horizontal rows and vertical columns.
The photo sites act as wells and are filled by light energy.
The CCD Camera uses a high dynamic range 1024x1024 CCD chip. Each pixel photosite is able
to handle up to 150 000 electrons. Together with very low noise floor, this provides a very high
dynamic range sensor for Record acquisitions.
The image information is integrated during the whole x--ray exposure time. At the end of the
exposure period, the charges are transferred into a memory area of the chip, in order to be read-
out. The transfer time is very short (less than 0.5ms). This allows starting the next image integration
right after the previous one, while the readout takes place.
The image is read off the CCD target by both analog and digital techniques. The amount of charge
at each site is an analog function of the light intensity. Digital transfer techniques are used to
transfer the well charge levels to an output terminal.
Lag is virtually nonexistent because the charge transfer is almost instantaneous. The Pick- up tube
mechanisms for lag, carrier mobility, and insufficient beam current to effect target discharge are
absent.
CCD's have very little geometric distortion (pincushion etc.) because they are not scanned by a
moving electron beam. Like Saticon PUT's the CCD also has very low dark current which makes
it ideal for digital record applications. During digital record exposures the image is formed on the
CCD target. The image is read off the target once the exposure has ended.
Optic output for photodiode
Linos/Rodenstock Optics assembly part
Photodiode mask (default is 64% square)
Linos/Rodenstock Optics assembly part
Optical densities :
Part numbers: density 1 #2329489
density 0.1 #2329489- 2
Total density = 1.3 for II 40cm
Total density = 1.6 for II 32cm
Photo-Diode Board (PDB)
Foam gasket
Part number: #2329050
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 105
Figure 2-53 CCD Camera
The analog signal of the CCD chip goes through a correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit and is
amplified by a programmable gain amplifier (camera gain). It is then converted to a 12 bit digital
signal via an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).
The camera readout has 2 modes of operation:
Dual channel mode: the CCD chip outputs the pixel data on 2 separate outputs, at 20MHz
each. The 2 outputs are merged after ADC to provide a combined pixel rate of 40MHz. This
mode is used for fluoro where frame rate can be up to 30fps.
Single channel mode: the CCD chip outputs the pixel data on a single output, at 20 MHz. This
mode is used in digital Record, where frame rate doesnt exceed 7.5fps (compatible with a
pixel frequency of 20MHz). This mode provides better brightness uniformity between left and
right half of the image, which is better for digital record.
Note:
Brightness
Differences can
Occur.
In fluoro, in some occasions (first fluoro after boot or large camera gain changes), the image can
display momentarily a split image artifact. The left half of the image has a slight brightness offset
vs. the right half. The artifact vanishes after a few seconds of fluoro. This is due to a dynamic gain
balancing algorithm in the CCD which takes some time to converge. This is the normal behavior of
the camera, not a failure.
The digital video data is transmitted over the CCD cable in LVDS electrical format over 12 twisted
pairs (1 per bit). Pixel clock, external sync, serial link and 24V power supply are also transmitted
within the CCD cable. The total length of the CCD cable can be up to 30m.
The CCD head has no internal cooler. Heat is mostly conducted through the optics to the II
structure. In addition, a fan flows air though the camera side vents. This fan is powered by the
camera head (24V. The fan rotates whenever the camera is powered.
CCD Drivers
Board
Controller
Power Supply
CDS and
Analog
Video
Gain
12 bit ADC for
CCD Sensor
Right Side
1024 x 1024
Pixel CCD
Light
from
Image
Intensifier
12 Bit
Image Data
CCD Camera
Image
Correction
Board
12 bit ADC for
CCD Sensor Left
Side
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 106 Section 3.0 - Imaging System
3.3 Imaging Chain
3.3.1 Components
Figure 2-54 Imaging Chain
Please refer to Figure 2-54 as needed, during the following discussion.
3.3.1.1 Spectral Filters
The X-ray radiation is hardened (low energy x-ray is attenuated) by one of three spectral filters or
no spectral filter can be selected. The spectral filters have a thickness of 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 mm of
copper. The filter mechanism is motorized and the desired filter is automatically selected depending
on calculated patient thickness and procedure being performed.
3.3.1.2 Anti-Scatter Grid
The anti-scatter Grid is motorized and can be removed from the field by the operator to lower patient
dose. The anti-scatter Grid ratio is 10:1 and the focal distance is 80cm (useful range 69 to 96cm).
3.3.1.3 Image Intensifier (II)
3.3.1.4 Image Intensifier Tube
The Image Intensifier has 4 Fields of View (FOV) and converts x-ray radiation at the input to light
at the output. Its available in 2 sizes: 40cm and 32cm. It uses new technology, which provides
improvements in contrast, MTF and conversion factor.
12 Bit
10 Bit
10 Bit
10 Bit Record
8 Bit Fluoro
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 107
3.3.1.5 High Voltage Power Supply (HVPS)
The HVPS supplies the image intensifier grids G1, G2 and G3 with high voltage. Each grid voltage
is programmable and is individually adjusted for each II/HVPS couple in order to optimize the image
size, focus and focus uniformity. Each II type (40 or 32cm) uses a different type of power supply.
The HVPS is controlled by the OCB through an RS232 serial link, which provides control over
magnification and grid voltage settings. The primary power of the HVPS is 24V (up to 600mA). It is
provided by the OCB.
3.3.1.6 Active Distortion Correction System (ADCS)
The Active Distortion Correction System corrects the distortion caused by the Earth magnetic field.
This distortion is known as the S--distortion because of the shape it will impose on straight line
objects.
The ADCS uses a field sensor that measures the axial component of the Earth magnetic field. It
uses the sensor output to drive current into a coil placed around the entrance of the II tube, which
in effect will generate a counter magnetic field compensating the axial portion of the Earth field.
The ADCS doesnt correct II pin--cushion distortion, which is caused by the spheric shape of the II
input.
The ADCS is fully automatic, it doesnt require any site specific calibration.
The ADCS module uses a different set of internal parameters for each II type. The II type is
configured via a software command. The ADCS is commanded through an RS232 serial link by
OCB. This link is used to setup and read back the II type setting.
The primary power of the ADCS is 24V. It is provided by the OCB.
In terms of cabling, the ADCS provides a link between the OCB and the HVPS. It is connected to
both OCB and HVPS. The ADCS passes along 24V power and RS232 communications from OCB
to HVPS.
3.3.1.7 Optics
The Optics Assembly provides an optical interface between the II and the CCD Camera. The
collimation lens focuses the light to infinity (parallel light). Then a mirror deflects the light 90
degrees, towards the NDF filter.
3.3.1.8 Real time light measurement
Samples the light in a central region of interest of the II output screen to feed a photodiode. The
photodiode signal is amplified by the photo-diode board and sent to the generator to cut--off the
exposure in AEC mode. The region of interest is defined by a mask. This mask is setup by default
to sample a square region covering 64% of the image area. Other masks are supplied, with circular
or smaller ROIs. Smaller ROI is 32%.
3.3.1.9 NDF
The NDF (Neutral Density Filter) is motorized and has a typical optical density of 1.5 +/- 10%. It is
used to attenuate the light in Record Mode. This allows the camera iris to open up more (lower f-
stop setting) and thus decreased the depth of field. In Fluoro Mode the filter is driven out of the field.
3.3.1.10 IRIS
The Iris is motorized and is used to control the amount of light entering the CCD Camera. It is set
to a fixed position for Record Mode but is variable for Fluoro Mode.
3.3.1.11 TV Lens
The TV lens focuses the parallel light onto the target of the CCD Camera.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 108 Section 3.0 - Imaging System
3.3.1.12 CCD Camera
The CCD Camera target is an array (1024 x 1024) of pixel photo sensitive wells. Each site or well
is filled with an amount of light energy depending on the intensity of the light hitting that point. The
image information is read off the target array sequentially, line by line, as an analog video voltage
signal. The analog signal is then converted to a 12 bit digital signal via an Analog to Digital
Converter (ADC).
3.3.1.13 Image Correction Board (ICB)
The 12 bit digital image data goes to the Image Correction Board in the Saturn. This board applies
offset, gain and bad pixel corrections to the image data. The CCU Board applies ABD Calculations,
Image Re-scaling and Gamma LUTs.
The pixel offset and bad pixel correction data are factory calibrated using a temperature cycling and
burn-in process. Normally, they do not need to be updated throughout the life of the equipment. If
you experience bad pixels.
The calibration data is stored within the camera head and downloaded at boot into the ICB. This
suppresses any dependency between the camera head and the ICB. Any camera head can be
coupled with any ICB without the need for calibration or setting.
The channel gain balance and global offset are adjusted dynamically by the ICB through a closed
loop mechanism. These loops optimize left--right gain balancing and keep constant black level.
Saturn power supply provides +12VDC which is converted (DC//DC) in the ICB to generate the
+24VDC needed to power the CCD camera head.
The ICB provides a serial communication link with the camera head. All features of the camera head
can be controlled by the host PC software through the ICB PCI interface.
The ICB provides a synchronization signal to the CCD head in order to synchronize the integration,
transfer and readout phases of the CCD with the x--ray exposures and the Saturn internal timing
reference. The synchronization signal is provided to ICB by the Gitane board.
3.3.1.14 ABD (Automatic Brightness Detection)
The ABD function provides a signal representing the brightness of the image in the ROI (Region Of
Interest). There are three ROls selectable for both normal and pediatric studies (see page 7). The
ABD calculation incorporates a Black Level threshold manipulation, which is intended to provide a
means of shutter compensation. The threshold value is set to a level just above the shutter
amplitude on a flat field image. In this way, the effect of collimating within the ROI will not result in
an increase of average brightness. The ABD signal is used by the Exposure Management function
to calculate the Dose Feedback which is then used to calculate the Patient Size. The ABD signal is
also used for actual image brightness feedback to control camera gain.
3.3.1.15 LUT
A Gamma LUT is used to compress the white regions of the image. The purpose of this is to
produce an overall image chain gamma response of unity, thus producing the best input to output
image reproduction.
3.3.1.16 Image Acquisition Board / Digital Acquisition Board
The Image Acquisition Board (Saturn V1) or Digital Acquisition Board (Saturn V2) applies the Fluoro
Noise Reduction (FNR) filters. This reduces the amount of noise in the image but increases the
lag. Left to Right image reversal is also performed on this board. The image can be stored on the
hard disk or sent to the Image Display Board (Saturn V1) or Digital Display Board (Saturn V2) for
eventual display on the monitor.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 109
3.3.1.17 Image Display Board / Digital Display Board
The Image Display Board (Saturn V1) or Digital Display Board (Saturn V2) applies the Edge
Enhancement filters and also the monitor display LUTs. The digital video is reduced to 8 bit and
then converted to an analog signal by a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC). It is then sent out as a
composite video signal to the monitor on a co-axial cable.
3.3.1.18 Optics Control Board (OCB)
The Optics Control Board provides control of all the optics motorized elements, all the ADCS, HVPS
functions and Photo-diode board. The Optics Control Board receives information from the Gitane
Board over the CAN Bus. The Optics Control Board controls the II Power Supply, ADCS, NDF Filter
position and Iris positions.
The iris aperture is controlled through a software (in OCB micro controller) PID loop using the iris
potentiometer feed-back. The iris is commanded in percentage of its maximum transmission (fully
open). The maximum and minimum transmission must be calibrated for each OCB/optics couple.
OCB calibrates them by moving the IRIS to max. and min. mechanical limitations. This is done
through the iris LUT calibration. This calibration also refines the precision of the law linking the
commanded aperture and the actual light transmission. The OCB embeds a first order model for
this law, which ensures coarse precision. The calibration further improves the precision.
The NDF position (in or out) is controlled through a software (in OCB micro controller) PID loop
using the NDF DC motor and feedback potentiometer.
Both iris and NDF control circuits feature an over current detection circuit in order to protect the
motors and OCB in case of failure of one of the elements. This circuit allows 3 over current events
before sending an error message to the system (iris_overcurrent, ndf_overcurrent) and
blocking the motor operation. To reset the circuit and resume operation, the OCB board must be
reset. This can be done by powering off the OCB, pressing the on--board reset button or real time
reset coming from the Gitane Board.
Both iris and NDF control circuits feature a time out mechanism which will trigger an error message
(iris_timeout or ndf_timeout) if the target position is not within tolerances after 600ms. Time
out errors will not block the iris or NDF operation but indicate a potential failure on either the optics
or the OCB.
The OCB communicates with the ADCS and HVPS through a single RS232 serial link. This link
goes first to the ADCS, then to the HVPS. The ADCS will process the RS232 message first. If this
message is for the HVPS, the will pass the message to the HVPS. If an error occurs in the
communication between OCB and ADCS/HVPS, the OCB will send an error message
(sci_communication_error).
The OCB receives 24V input power from the OCB cable connected to its J1 subD connector. It uses
this input voltage to generate internal +12V, --12V, +5V, --5Vand provides 24V on the J4 connector
to ADCS/HVPS.
The OCB communicates with the Gitane board in the Saturn PC through the OCB cable.
Communication is done through a 250kbps CANbus, a reset line (from Gitane to OCB) and the
brightness pulse line (from OCB to Gitane) coming from the PDB.
3.3.1.19 PhotoDiode Board (PDB)
The photodiode board provides a real time light measurement signal used to control the duration of
the exposure in digital Record AEC mode. The exposure cutoff is made by the generator after the
target dose has been received by the image chain.
The PDB uses a photodiode to convert light from the optics pickup into a photo current. The photo
current is converted into a voltage and amplified through a variable gain amplifier. The amplified
voltage is converted into a frequency encoded pulse signal through a voltage--to--frequency
converter. The greater the light intensity, the higher the output frequency. The brightness signal is
frequency coded so as to insure noise immunity.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 110 Section 3.0 - Imaging System
The photodiode gain is set by the exposure manager for each dose setting and scaled with the II
conversion factor to provide accurate dose rate vs. frequency feedback.
The generator counts the pulses and stops the exposure when the target pulse count is reached.
The output signal from PDB is fed into OCB in TTL level. OCB converts it to CAN electrical format
and sends it to the Saturn Gitane through the OCB cable.
The ribbon cable between OCB and PDB holds the following signals:
PDB power supply voltages from OCB to PDB.
Gain control signals from OCB to PDB.
Brightness pulse from PDB to OCB.
3.3.2 Digital Radiographic Mode
For the following discussion, please refer to Figure 2-54 as needed.
1.) The prism sends a light sample using the light pipe to a Photodiode located on the Photodiode
board. A Photodiode mask (square) is used (64% is the default) as a ROI. A neutral density
filter is also used for high II CF in order to reduce the light at Photodiode entrance.
2.) The Photodiode converts the light to a voltage. The voltage is converted to a frequency. The
greater the light, the greater higher the frequency.
3.) The signal arrives at the generator through the Optics control board and Gitane Board. Signal
pulses are counted and the exposure is terminated when a predefined count is reached.
4.) While counting is taking place, the Optics control board performs other functions:
- Channel exposure management signals the NDF motor and port, and Iris motor and pot.
- Channels controls signals to the II power supply for selection of a FOV.
- Supplies power to the ADCS
3.3.3 Digital Image
For the following discussion, please refer to Figure 2-54 as needed.
1.) X-ray is produced at the tube and hardened using one of three spectral filters. The filter used
is automatically selected. Selection depends on patient thickness and the procedure chosen.
2.) The objective lens focuses the light to infinity (parallel). The mirror then deflects it through the
neutral density filter (NDF) to the CCD sensor.
3.) The optical density of the NDF filter attenuates the light some. This allows the camera iris to
open wider and decrease the depth of field. During Flouro exposures, the NDF filter rotates out
of the image field.
4.) The motorized Iris then controls the amount of light entering the CCD camera.
5.) The TV lens focuses the light onto target of the CCD camera.
6.) The 12 bit image data goes to the image correction board and CCU. The CCU applies ABD
calculation, image re-scaling and Gamma lookups.
7.) The 10 bit image data now goes to the Image Acquisition board, which applies Flouro Noise
Reduction (FNR) filters.
8.) At this point, the image can be sent to hard disk or to the image display board for display. The
image display board reduces the image data to 8 bits and then to a composite video signal.
9.) Video signal goes to the monitor.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 111
Section 4.0
Positioning System
4.1 Positioner Cabinet
4.1.1 Component Locations
Figure 2-55 Positioner Cabinet
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 112 Section 4.0 - Positioning System
4.1.2 Positioner Cabinet Components
Figure 2-56 Table Angulation Panel, Pre-amp, SCR and Lateral Drive Board
Figure 2-57 Longitudinal Amp., CAN Bus Breakout and Relay Panel
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 113
Figure 2-58 I/O Board, Speed Amplifier and RS422 CAN Bridge
Figure 2-59 Power Supplies, Bucky Bulkhead, Connector Bulkhead and Angulation
Transformer
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 114 Section 4.0 - Positioning System
Figure 2-60 120 Vout and Power Bulkhead
4.2 Application (Saber) Software
Saber, name for the application software, is the Positioner control software used in this Diagnostics
X-ray imaging system. It supports the positioning of X-ray source(s) and receptor(s), control of
collimators, patient positioning, and displays/controls for positioner and some system parameters.
In addition, it provides the capability for positioner calibrations and positioner diagnostics. In a
Precision 500D system, positioner devices under Saber software control are OTS, IDD, Table,
Collimators, and some peripheral components such as room door and room light.
OTS positions the overhead X-ray tube, and can be moved in three axis - vertical, longitudinal, and
lateral. IDD is part of the mechanical assembly with the Image Intensifier, which also can be moved
in vertical, longitudinal, and lateral directions. Both OTS and IDD have locks to keep the devices in
place. Additionally, IDD provides two console screens for locks status and fluoro/record displays.
In fluoro/record operation mode, Saber software will display on IDD console selective system
parameters, such as techniques, FOV, II_MAG, Contrast Media etc. It also gives user the control
of some of these parameters and image acquisition functions such as fluoro store and fluoro loop
store.
There are two collimators controlled by Saber software, which adjusts the field of view size based
on user inputs or source-to-receptor distance. FOV change can be either manually or automatically
depending on the user input and operating condition. Saber software controls the table motion
based on the table side and IDD control inputs. This includes eight-way table top motions and table
angulation. Safety limits are checked by the software before and during motion to avoid collision.
4.3 Movement Functions
The motion buttons are connected to the Positioner IO board located in the positioner cabinet. This
board detects button presses and sends a message to the Magic computer. The Magic computer
processes the request and sends a command to the CAN amps or the positioner IO board for a
specific action.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 115
4.3.1 Power Assist Longitudinal
Figure 2-61 Longitudinal Power Assist
When the power assist handle is pressed in the longitudinal direction, a circuitry next to it in the IDD
creates a voltage proportional to the force applied. This voltage goes to the Pos IO board located
in the positioner cabinet which routes it to the analog input of the Longitudinal Power assist CAN
amplifier in the positioner cabinet. This CAN amplifier digitizes the signal and sends a CAN
message to tMagic PC through the CAN bus. The Magic PC processes the information and sends
a torque command to the CAN amplifier through the CAN bus. The CAN amplifier sends a pulse
width modulated current proportional to the torque demand to the longitudinal DC motor drive. This
is a 24 V DC motor.
4.3.2 Power Assist Vertical
Figure 2-62 Vertical (SID) Power Assist
When the power assist handle is pressed in the vertical direction, a circuitry next to it in the IDD
creates a voltage proportional to the force applied. This voltage goes to the Pos IO board located
3. The Magic PC sends
Magic PC
sent to Magic PC
4. The Magic PC sends
information sent to the
Magic PC
Magic PC
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 116 Section 4.0 - Positioning System
in the positioner cabinet, which routes it to the analog input of the Vertical Power assist CAN
amplifier located in the positioner cabinet. This CAN amplifier digitizes the signal and sends a CAN
message to the Magic PC through the CAN bus. Magic PC processes the information and sends a
torque command to the CAN amplifier through the CAN bus. The CAN amplifier sends a pulse width
modulated current proportional to the torque demand to the Vertical DC motor drive. This is a 24 V
DC motor. This motor has a resistor in series. This resistor is located next to the motor. This resistor
limits the maximum current that can be driven by the CAN amp. During calibration of the system
this resistor is set to the proper value such that the max power assist from the motor is just over the
frictional force in the mechanism. This is done by setting the time the IDD takes to go from top to
bottom to be 3+/-0.5 seconds when the power assist handle is pressed down to the maximum level
but without the hand applying a net force pushing the IDD down. This is done by pushing the bar
down with the fingers while supporting the IDD with the thump.
4.3.3 Positioner/Table Angulation
Figure 2-63 Positioner Angulation
When the table tilt button at the table side is pressed, the signal is send to the Pos IO board located
in the positioner cabinet. It converts it into a CAN bus command and sends it to the Magic PC. It
processes the information and sends a CAN message to the CAN amplifier. An analog output from
this CAN amp is connected to the tilt drive panel located in the positioner cabinet. This panel drives
the tilt drive in the Table. This is a 220V DC drive.
When the tilt knob on the IDD is used, an analog voltage proportional to the turn of the knob is send
to the Pos IO board. This voltage is converted to a digital value and it is send as a CAN command
to the Magic PC. The rest is similar to the table side button.
The table tilt angle is read by a potentiometer and it is send as an analog voltage to the Pos IO
board. This board converts it to digital value and it is send to the Magic PC for processing.
Magic PC
5. Magic PCsends
6. Magic PCsends
to the Magic PC
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 117
4.3.4 Table-Top Longitudinal/Lateral Drive
Figure 2-64 Table-Top Longitudinal
When the table top longitudinal or the lateral drive button is pressed on the table side or using the
joystick, that switch closure is send to the Pos IO board located in the positioner cabinet. This board
detects this signal and sends a CAN message to the Magic PC. It then sends an On or Off command
to the Positioner IO board as a CAN message. This board turns On or Off relays in the Long/Lat
drive board in the positioner cabinet. There is 120V AC connected to this relay. This relay drives
this 120V AC to the AC motors which drive the table top located in the table.
Figure 2-65 Table-Top Lateral
4.3.5 Longitudinal and Lateral Power Assist locks
Depending on the protocol and the selection on the IDD screen the Magic PC decides when the
lock should be turned on and off. When the locks needs to be turned on or off the Magic PC i sends
a CAN message to the Pos IO board in the Positioner cabinet. This board applies a 24 V or removes
a 24 V to these locks as needed.
4. Magic PC sends
to Magic PC
Magic PC
Magic PC
to the Magic PC
4. The Magic PC sends
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 118 Section 4.0 - Positioning System
4.3.6 IDD Console Screen
When a button around the screen is pressed, the IDD console controller located in the IDD creates
a command and using a RS422 protocol the command is send to the CAN bridge located in the
Positioner cabinet. This CAN bridge converts the RS422 signal into a CAN message and sends it
to the Magic PC. The Magic PC processes the information and passes the necessary information
to the Saturn computer. Once the console display changes are determined, its sent as a CAN
message from the Magic computer to the CAN bridge. The CAN bridge converts it into a RS422
level signal and it is send to the IDD console controller located in the IDD. The controller displays
the information on the IDD console screen.
4.3.7 Prep/ Expose Buttons on the IDD/ Fluoro foot Switch
When these buttons are pressed a switch closure signal is sent from the table to the Corona2 board
located in the positioner cabinet. This board drives two separate RT bus lines (one for Prep and
another one for Expose). The RT bus is a differential bus and signals in this bus has a logic of active
low. When the signal is in the low state, it is logically active and vice versa. This goes to the RCIM2.
The RCIM2 passes the status to the Magic PC and the software executes the appropriate
sequence. The RT bus is connected to the Corona2 Bd. The hardware on the Corna2 board along
with software commands sent to the Jedi generator enables exposures.
4.3.8 Prep/Expose Buttons on the RCIM2.
When these buttons are pressed, it drives the RT bus just like the IDD/Flouro foot switch. The rest
of the operation is same as the sequence explained above.
4.3.9 Grid/Cone Motion
Figure 2-66 Cone
When the Grid or Cone button is pressed on the IDD console, the micro controller in the IDD
converts it into a command and it is send as a RS422 signal to the CAN bridge in the Positioner
cabinet. This CAN bridge converts it into a CAN message and sends it as a CAN message to the
to the Magic computer. The Magic PC processes that information and sends it to the CAN bridge
as a CAN message. The CAN bridge converts it into a RS422 signal and sends it as a RS422 signal
to the DSC box in the IDD. The controller in this DSC box drives the Cone and the grid to the
appropriate position.
Magic PC
3. The Magic PC sends a
sent to the Magic PC
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 119
4.3.10 Digital Servo Controller 2 Circuit Board
4.3.10.1 Functional Operation
The DSC2 circuit board incorporate a dual-axis motion control driver and CAN bridge into its design.
The power assist handles are amplified and converted to CAN on the DSC2 circuit board. Lastly,
some analog and digital I/O signal conversion to CAN is performed by the DSC2.
Figure 2-67 shows the Precision 500D architecture with a DSC2 circuit board installed.
Figure 2-67 DSC2 Circuit Board Functions
The primary functions of the DSC2 board are:
To control the Cone and Grid servo motors in the IDD.
Transmit and receive commands to and from the Positioner subsystem via an internal CAN
bridge.
Provide a way to put discrete and analog console signals onto the CAN bus.
Facilitate serial IDD console communication via an internal CAN bridge.
Assume the functionality of the power assist handle pre-amp, and place the result on CAN.
Move +24VDC from the Image Intensifier power supply into unused pins in the CAN trunk for
the collimator to use.
The 2 servos controlled using a PID position loop. The output is a PWM signal, and the position is
detected via a quadrature encoder on each servomotor. High-level motion commands come from
the CAN serial link - they are not generated locally under normal operation. The exception to this is
during boot calibration, which occurs after every reset or power-up. During this calibration, the
board must locate the home position of the grid by checking for a stall in 2 cases - grid in and grid
out. The cone calibration is similar, but occurs during normal operation, and only when the user
requests movement.
The DSC2 is connected to the CAN bus, which the system controller uses to communicate with
various Positioner subsystems. This bus utilizes the CAN standard pin-out and communicates at
250kb/s. The DSC2 has the I/O functionality of the CAN chip utilized on the Positioner I/O board
POS I/O
A1 A20
Power
A1 A28
J5
50 Pin
Sub-D
J6
50 Pin
Sub-D
J1
50 Pin
Sub-D
J2
37 Pin
Sub-D
TABLE_TOP_IN - 24V
TABLE_TOP_OUT - 24V
XRAY SW - 24V
PREP/RECORD - 24V
IDD_RESET - 422
SFD_ANG_SW_OFF - 24V
ANG_SPD - Analog
HANDLE_LONG - 24V
HANDLE_VERT - 24V
TOP_RIGHT - 24V
TOP_LEFT - 24V
ANG_TREND - 24V
ANG_VERT - 24V
24V Logic Power
24V Motor Power
24V Logic Power
24V Motor Power
CAN
POS Cabinet
IDD Console
Table Base
MIS11198A
25 Pin
Rear of IDD
DSC2
25 Sub-D
Motors
Encoders
Switches 37 Sub- D
J27
CAN + 24V
for Coll i mator
Motor Power/
Logic Power
Signals
37 Sub-D
Serial/
Signals/
Logic Power
J1
37 Sub-D
Precision 500D - DSC2 Architecture
CAN From
Table Base
II
PS
CAN Trunk
+ 24V
9 Pin Sub-D
24V
9 Sub- D
CAN Trunk In
9 Sub-D
J100
25 Sub-D
Motor Power
J101
50 Sub-D
Signals
CAN Trunk
Out + 24V
9 Sub- D
J8 J3
J6
J2
J1
J4
Collimator
Handle
Long
3 Pin
Vert
3 Pin
Power Assi st
Interf ace
9 Sub-D
J5
Y Adapter OR
New Harness
J30
Main Harness
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 120 Section 4.0 - Positioning System
(2293142), allowing the DSC2 to convert discrete and analog signals to CAN locally in the IDD,
instead of sending the signals back to the Positioner cabinet (as in the old DSC assembly). In
addition, the DSC2 provides a CAN to serial bridge with at least two channels; one for on board
communication and one to allow the IDD console to talk to the CAN bus.
The power assist handle contains two Hall effect sensors that indicate the amount of force being
applied to the handle. The old pre-amp board was originally used to condition the output of the
handle and pass the differential analog voltage all the way back to the Positioner I/O board. Now,
the DSC2 circuit board conditions the handle outputs to the proper voltage level, and converts them
to CAN.
The under table (u/t) collimator is the termination point for the CAN bus. In addition, the u/t
collimator needs to be supplied with +24VDC and ground from the Image Intensifier (II) power
supply. The CAN trunk from the table base comes into the DSC2, as well as the +24VDC from the
II power supply. The +24VDC power is channeled into 4 unused CAN pins, and sent out along with
the CAN trunk to the u/t collimator.
The board is powered by a dedicated +24VDC power supply from the Positioner Cabinet. This is in
turn converted on board to other voltages.
4.3.10.2 High-level Architecture Description
The DSC2 PWA resides in the IDD and performs the following major functions:
1.) Motion Control: Provide all motion control for the cone and grid servos
2.) CAN Communications: Interface to CAN in the form of a serial bridge
3.) Digital and Analog I/O: Provide a means to convert discrete and analog signals to CAN
4.) Power Assist Handle: Power the power assist handle and convert the analog return to CAN
5.) Under Table Collimator: Provide the u/t collimator with +24VDC and the CAN trunk
6.) Power Supplies: +1.5VDC, +3.3VDC, +5VDC, +12VDC
7.) Diagnostics: Visual indicators and software reporting of errors to the rest of the system
8.) Reset: Generate self-reset after fatal application errors
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 121
4.3.10.3 Theory of Operation
The high-level architecture is described in more detail in the following sections.
Figure 2-68 DSC2 Circuit Board Interconnects
Motion Control
The primary output of the DSC2 is the control for the cone and grid servo-motors. This control is in
the form of variable duty cycle, pulse width modulation (PWM). The inputs to the motion controller
of the DSC are the quadrature encoded position data from each channel, the current sense
determined by A/D converters, the cone's optical home switch, and any commands from the
positioner subsystem that arrive from the internal CAN bridge. The following are the high level
specifications related to motion control:
3 Amps is considered over current.
Current ripple must be < 10%
DSC2 Rev E 22-Jan-2004
J
6

3
7

P
in

S
u
b
-
D

F
CHA_C
34
VCC_C
19
CHB_C
35
GND_C
15
CONE_ANOD
28
CONE_CATH
12
CONE_VCC
29
CONE_GND
13
GRID+
1
GRID+
2
GRID+
20
CONE+
4
CONE+
5
CONE+
23
IDD_SW_12
11
IDD_PARK
10
CONE_PARK
30
CHA_G
36
VCC_G
18
CHB_G
37
GND_G
14
GRID-
3
GRID-
21
GRID-
22
CONE-
6
CONE-
24
CONE-
25
Cone Encoder
Grid Encoder
J
8

2
5

P
in

S
u
b
-
D

M
C24V
2
L24V
4
C24V
3
C24V
1
ANG_EN
5
ANG_TREND
7
ANG_VERT
6
TABLE_TOP_LEFT
8
MGND
10
MGND
12
MGND
11
(Shield2)
13
CGND
15
CGND
14
CGND
16
X-RAY_SW
18
LGND
17
PREP_REC
19
IDD_TOP_IN
20
IDD_TOP_OUT
21
M24V
23
M24V
24
M24V
25
To POS Cabinet
J27 - Table Base
J
1

9

P
in

S
u
b
-
D

F CAN_L
2
+24V
4
CAN_GND
3
+24V
1
CAN_H
7
CAN_V_POS
9
GND
8
GND
6
CAN Trunk &
Collimator Power
Table Base
J
4

9

P
in

S
u
b
-
D

F
+24V
4
GND
8
GND
6
+24V
1
Collimator Power
II Power Supply
J
2

9

P
in

S
u
b
-
D

M
CAN_GND
3
CAN_V_POS
9
CAN_H
7
CAN_L
2
CAN Trunk
Table Base
J
3

3
7

P
in

S
u
b
-
D

F
RMT_SW_DAT_P
1
ANG_TREND
24
IDD_TOP_OUT
7
TABLE_TOP_LEFT
27
ANG_SPD_RTN
30
C24V
17
RMT_LMP_DAT_P
2
CGND
14
ANG_VERT
5
ANG_EN
25
TABLE_TOP_RIGHT
8
ANG_SPD
11
X-RAY_SW
31
CGND
16
C24V
33
C24V
12
RMT_SW_DAT_N
20
IDD_ANG_SW_OFF
6
IDD_TOP_IN
26
C24V
34
RMT_LMP_DAT_N
21
PREP_REC
15
CGND
35
CNSL_RESET_P
3
CNSL_RESET_N
22
-15 V
+15 V
+/-15V & Ground
from IDD Console
J
9

9

P
in

S
u
b
-
D

F
Rx
3
Tx
2
Debug
CAN
Trunk
CAN Core
ANG_EN (24V)
ANG_VERT (24V)
ANG_TREND (24V)
X-RAY_SW (24V)
PREP_REC (24V)
IDD_TOP_IN (24V)
IDD_TOP_OUT (24V)
CGND
32
TABLE_TOP_RIGHT (24V)
TABLE_TOP_LEFT (24V)
Console 24V
Console Ground
24V to 5V Conversion -
To CAN Core Digital Inputs
+24 Motor Power
Motor Ground
24V
GND
CAN
Stub
Digital Inputs
from Console
ANG_SPD
(Analog)
Serial
RS-422
Driver
J
5

9

P
in

S
u
b
-
D

F
GND_L
2
GND_V
5
+12V_V
4
+12V_L
1
HANDLE_LONG
6
HANDLE_VERT
9 Handle
Vert
Handle
Long
+12V
GND
Vout
+12V
GND
Vout
RS-422
Driver
Reset
HANDLE_L
(Analog)
HANDLE_V
(Analog)
Servo Con troller
Grid
H-Bridge
Cone
H-Bridge
Cone Park
IDD Park
Serial
PWM, Dir, Brake
PWM, Dir, Brake
Cone Encoder
Grid Encoder
RS-232
Driver
Serial
To Console J1
Power
Conversion
+12V +5V +3.3V
TABLE_TOP_RIGHT
9
CTS
RTS
8
7
+1.5V
Note:
1.) MGND, CGND, and LGND all refer to ground. They are
connected together in the POS cabinet and on the DSC2.
They have different names to show power allocation.
M=motor, C=console, L=logic. This is also true for 24V.
2.) J2 is part of the DXR generic CAN Core and may have an
"_n" atteched to the end of it in actual implementation.
Cone
Grid
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 122 Section 4.0 - Positioning System
Transfer time for the grid must be < 1500ms
Accuracy of the cone and grid is +/- 1.5mm
The motion control functions are described below.
QUADRATURE DECODE
Quadrature pulses are two pulse trains that are 90 degrees out of phase. This method allows shaft
direction to be determined along with shaft position. The DSC2 currently interfaces with encoders
that generate 200 counts per encoder wheel revolution (CPR). In addition, the cone and grid have
a 10:1 gear reduction. This ultimately equates to 2000 CPR for the cone and grid. If signal A leads
signal B, then the direction is forward. If signal A lags behind signal B, then the direction is reverse.
This data, in the form of a count of pulses, must be presented to the software to determine if the
duty cycle must be increased or decreased. The data will be read by the motion control software at
least every 10ms.
PWM CREATION
The hardware must create a variable duty cycle pulse train based on a 16 bit command. The PWM
will run with a frequency of at least 10kHz, and it will be updated a minimum of every 10ms. These
specifications attempt to keep the motion smooth and controlled.
POWER ELECTRONICS
The DSC2 is the final interface to the cone and grid motors. It must drive them at a maximum of 3A
in either forward or reverse for a maximum of 1.5s. In practice, sustained 3A current draw for this
length of time would not be seen. The implementation of choice is an H-Bridge, which allows them
to be driven in both directions depending upon which transistors are turned on. It also allows for a
braking function.
CURRENT SENSING
In addition to position sensing through the Quadrature encoders, the motion control function needs
to determine the current flowing to each motor at any given time. This is mainly to keep the PWM
in check and to protect the motors against an overload situation. The preferred implementation is a
current sense resistor (somewhere in the power electronics) whose voltage drop is read by an A/D
converter. The current reading must be available at least every 10ms.
CONTROL ALGORITHM
The motion control algorithm shall move the cone and grid as quickly and as smoothly as possible.
Overshoot should be minimized while still meeting the specs listed in Motion Control on page 121.
CAN Communications
The Positioner subsystem communicates with various peripherals via a CAN bus that uses the
CANOpen protocol. The word CAN is used generically to mean a CAN bus that uses the
CANOpen protocol.
The CAN Core has two bridge channels - one will be utilized for on board DSC2 communication,
and the other used for the IDD console. The console channel of the bridge requires no discussion
here and is simply a routing of existing signals.
Digital and Analog I/O
A second function of the generic CAN Core mentioned above is to provide a method of putting
digital and analog I/O onto the CAN bus. The DSC2 can utilize this functionality to convert many of
the discrete and analog signals passing through on their way to the Positioner cabinet. As seen in
Figure 2-68, the following discrete signals will pass through the DSC2 and on to the Positioner
cabinet, but will be input into the CAN core for future use:
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 123
TABLE_TOP_LEFT - Indicates a user request to move the tabletop left.
TABLE_TOP_RIGHT - Indicates a user request to move the tabletop right.
IDD_TOP_IN - Indicates a user request to move the tabletop in.
IDD_TOP_OUT - Indicates a user request to move the tabletop out.
ANG_VERT - Indicates a user request to angulate the table in the vertical direction.
ANG_TREND - Indicates a user request to angulate the table in the Trendelenburg direction.
ANG_EN - Signifies that ANG_VERT or ANG_TREND is set.
PREP_REC - Indicates that the user has pushed the Prec/Rec switch.
X-RAY_SW - Indicates that the user has pushed the X-Ray switch.
The following signal is intercepted by the DSC2 and is NOT sent back to the Positioner cabinet:
IDD_ANG_SW_OFF - Indicates that the angulation switch is off (no motion requested).
The CAN Core has an on-board 10-bit A/D converter with a 0-5VDC conversion range. Its used to
intercept and convert the following signal ANG_SPD (An analog potentiometer that indicates the
desired table angulation speed. The angulation speed potentiometer is powered by the IDD console
with +/-15VDC.)
HANDLE_LONG - An analog signal from the power assist handle pre-amp function (see that
section for details on the signal conditioning).
HANDLE_VERT - An analog signal from the power assist handle pre-amp function (see that
section for details on the signal conditioning).
4.6.4. Power Assist Handle
The power assist handle takes mechanical commands from the operator's hand and translates it
into 2 voltages, one for the vertical direction, and one for the longitudinal direction.
The handle is powered with 0 -12 VDC. Some hardware signal conditioning will be necessary to get
to the 0-5 VDC level, but the dead band and clipping will be done by the system software and the
CAN Core. In summary, the requirements are to:
Provide the power assist handle with 0 VDC and +12 VDC power on each handle axis.
Condition the return signal to be linear and between 0 VDC and +5VDC. +2.5 VDC will indicate
the 'null', or handle at rest position. The polarity of the signal (which direction corresponds to
< 2.5VDC and which corresponds to > 2.5VDC) will be accounted for by the system software.
System software does all other functions (dead band and clipping).
Under Table Collimator
The DSC2 has 3 CAN/Collimator related inputs - +24VDC in from the II, CAN trunk in, and CAN
trunk + 24VDC out. The routing on the DSC2 board puts the proper signals and powers into the
proper pins on the CAN bus.
Power Supplies
The DSC2 takes +24VDC and ground from the Positioner cabinet. It has been allocated 3 power
and 3 ground pins for the motors, 1 power and 1 ground for DSC2 logic power, and 3 power and 3
ground pins for the IDD console. Each pin is a 20-gauge sub-D pin and each conductor in the cable
is a 24-gauge conductor capable of carrying 1.5A continuous in the worst case. The motors (more
specifically, the H-Bridge) will take the 24VDC directly, and will only draw 3A peak (each) for a very
short time in the worst case. The PWM will take care of any voltage drops that may occur as a result
of a high current draw. The DSC2 on board components will require +1.5VDC, +3.3VDC,
+5VDC(CAN core) and +12VDC (for the handle).
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 124 Section 4.0 - Positioning System
Diagnostics
The DSC2 does not have any stand-alone service diagnostic routines. It reports errors in normal
operating modes as they occur and responds to any system communications to verify that it is up
and running. In addition, it has diagnostics to support the CAN Core.
The CAN core has access to the DSC2's +24VDC, +12VDC, +3.3VDC, and +1.5VDC power
sources for monitoring purposes. LEDs also show the status of these voltages. The externally
visible LED's are as follows: 12VDC(green), 5VDC(green), 3.3VDC(green), Heartbeat (green),
Normal Mode (green), Safe Mode (Yellow), and 4 Error code bits (Red).
Other LEDs are present on various input signals, but will not necessarily be visible outside of the
DSC2s enclosure. The CAN core also has its own indicator LEDs for diagnostic purposes. Theres
an on-board RS-232 debug port that supports engineering development, as well as a Mictor-style
connector to support connection to a logic analyzer.
Calibration
The DSC2 is be able to calibrate its motion functions every time it powers up. It moves the grid
inward until it stalls, and zero out the position. This is the in position. It will then be moved towards
the home (out) position. The home position will be recorded and compared against an expected
count to verify the grid has a full range of motion. The cone will calibrate itself by moving towards
the direction requested by the user. If it is not parked, it will drive outward at constant speed. If it is
parked, it will assume that it has full range of motion and attempt a normal move inward. When an
inward move has been completed with a full range of motion, the calibration is considered complete,
and all further moves are made normally (not constant speed). For patient safety reasons, the cone
will not move at all until requested by the user.
The software only will calibrate the pre-amp functionality - no hardware calibration will be required.
Reset
The DSC2 is responsible for generating a reset signal for itself as well as the IDD console. The
console reset comes via a CAN message, and is separate from a DSC2 reset. The DSC2 internal
reset has four conditions that are described in further detail below. A DSC2 reset will also reset the
CAN Core module on board.
POWER-UP RESET
Upon power-up, reset circuitry will ensure the DSC2 is held in reset for a minimum of 100 ms.
CAN RESET MESSAGE
Upon receiving a CAN reset message, the CAN Core will use two digital output lines to latch a reset
signal for either the DSC2, the IDD console, or both for a minimum of 100ms.
INTERNAL SOFTWARE RESET
The DSC2 software will have the ability to trigger a reset by setting an active high reset pin. The
reset generated lasts for a minimum of 100ms.
WATCHDOG RESET
A watchdog circuit, that requires a write every 0.9 seconds, has the ability to generate a reset
condition that must last for a minimum of 100ms.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 125
4.3.11 Bucky
When it is time for the Bucky to be operated, the Magic PC sends a CAN message to the Pos IO
board in the positioner cabinet. The Pos IO board sends a signal to the bucky in the table to start
the oscillation. When the bucky is at speed, the bucky sends a signal to the Pos I/O board in the
positioner cabinet. The Pos IO board converts its CAN message and sends it to the Magic PC. The
Magic PC communicates this message to the rest of the system.
4.3.12 Cassette Sensing Tray
The cassette sensing tray switches and pots are connected to the Pos IO board in the positioner
cabinet. The Pos IO boards converts these signals to CAN messages and sends it to the Magic PC.
This processes the information and the appropriate actions are taken.
4.3.13 Ion Chamber
The Ion chamber is connected to the Jedi Generator in the system cabinet directly.
4.3.14 Collimator & Blade
Figure 2-69 Collimator
The collimator paddles are connected to a switches. These switches are connected to the Pos IO
board in the positioner cabinet. The Pos IO board converts these switch closures into CAN
messages and they are send to the Magic PC. The Magic PC processes it and sends the
appropriate CAN messages to the Collimator in the table through the CAN bus. In addition the
Magic PC sends the appropriate messages to the IDD console display through the CAN bridge to
update the graphics on the screen.
Magic PC
information from the
Magic PC (II FOV selected)
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 126 Section 5.0 - System Communications
4.3.15 Spectral Filter
Figure 2-70 Spectral Filter
Section 5.0
System Communications
5.1 CAN Bus
5.1.1 History
CAN was invented by the Robert Bosch (TM) company in Germany in the mid 1980's, as a solution
to automotive communication needs.
5.1.2 Advantages of CAN Networks
CAN is a serial data communication bus for real time applications.
Operate in harsh environments
Easy to Configure
Automatically Detect Data Transmission Errors
Cost Effective
Magic PC
the Magic PC (dependent on study
selected and calculated Patient thickness)
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 127
5.1.3 Operation
Figure 2-71 CAN Bus
Data messages transmitted from any node do not contain addresses of either the transmitting node
or of the receiving node(s).
The content of the message is labeled by an identifier that is unique throughout the network. All the
other nodes on the network receive the message and each performs an acceptance test on the
identifier to see if the message is relevant for that node. If the message is relevant it will be
processed, otherwise it is ignored.
The identifier also determines the priority of the message. If two or more nodes compete for access
to the bus at the same time, the highest priority message will gain access and the lower priority
messages are automatically transmitted in the next available bus cycle, if no more higher priority
messages are waiting to be sent.
5.1.4 Overview
There is one system CAN bus connecting the Positioner Cabinet, Table, Magic PC and OTS. This
is controlled through the Magic PC.
There are 2 local subsystem CAN buses, one for the Optics Control Board (OCB) and one for the
Jedi Generator. The OCB bus is controlled through the Digital Gitane boardsJ14. The Jedi bus is
controlled through the Magic PC.
The System CAN Bus diagnostics checks the system ability to communicate with all the configured
CAN nodes. Individual CAN node test scan be found throughout the Positioner diagnostics.
Up to 1 Megabit/sec (1 Mb/s) Transmission Speed
120 Ohm 120 Ohm Can_H
Can_L
Node 1 Node 2 ... Node n
CAN Network
CAN is a two wire twisted pair bus, terminated at both
ends with 120 Ohm Resistors
11 1 1 6 0 to 64 16 2 7 3
Start of
Field
Identifier
Remote
Transmission
Request
Control
Data
Cyclic
Redundancy
Check
Acknowledge
End of
Frame
Intermission
CAN 2.0A Message Format
111 Bit Message Frame
Number
of Bits
Data Field is 0 to 64
bits or 0 to 8 bytes
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 128 Section 5.0 - System Communications
Figure 2-72 CAN Bus w/DSC Assembly RT Bus
5.1.5 Real Time (RT) Bus (System & Local)
The system RT bus is used for safety and very fast transmission of signal from one part of the
system to another part of the system. The electrical signals on these lines are differential RS485
drive. The two end of this bidirectional bus are Venus console and the Positioner IO board. These
end boards have termination resistors across the differential bus lines and biasing resistors to bias
the bus to the logically inactive state when none of the devices are driving the bus. In the RS485
driver sense this is the high state. The devices on this bus only drive the bus to the active state. It
never drives to the inactive state. When a device stops driving, the output of the drivers goes to a
high Z state. It is possible for two devices to drive at the same time to the active state and the
function will be a logical OR function.
There is one system RT bus connecting the Systems Cabinet, Positioner Cabinet, and Magic PC.
The system RT bus signals are low active. See Figure 2-73.
There are two (2) local subsystem RT buses; one for the Optics Control Board (OCB) and one for
the Jedi Generator. The OCB bus is controlled through the Digital Gitane boards J14. The Jedi bus
is controlled through the Corna2 Board J3. Jedi bus signals are high active.
x o b l l a W
s y S t m e A C N
e J C i d AN
2 S T O 9 9 3 4 8 9
2 1 m h O 0
r o t a n i m r e T
r o t a m i I I o C
t p O o
s I t a I o n o i
e T rm
T O S
F I U
u B h k I e d a
b a T Ie
n i b a C r e n o i t i s o P et
CAN e p o n
e i f i I p m A r
o N ( d I e D x 0 : ) 5 1 0
A C o N n e p
I p m A r e i f i
(N e d o 0 : D I 6 1 0 x ) s o P i r e n o i t O / I
d o N ( : D I e 0 x 0 ) 5 4
i I I o C t a m or
y S t s e n i b a C m e t
7 1 5 5 6 1 0
p O o t
s I oIation
A C V N +
u o S r e c
p O o t
o s I I o i t a n
p O o t
o s I I o i t a n
e T rm
2 1 h O 0 m
r o t a n i m r e T
S D 1
D E L DS V 2 1 + = n O 1
r e w o P s u B N A C o t
f ( rom 1 A A28 S P n i 3
b a C r e n o i t i s o P i ) t e n
N A C 0 3 A Bus
a e r B t u o k
5 2 A
2 1 J
5 2 A
1 4 J
A1 5 2 A
2 1 1 J
A1 5 2 A
1 1 1 J
F R 3 P
1 A
1 J
4 2 D D I 3 0 790
8 2 J
9 2 J
Lo a c e J I i d
A C b N us
5 2 A
2 8 J
o L I a c g i D i I a t / C O B
A C R / N T bus
3 P F R
1 A J 1 A 2
C O B
I I
B C O / I I o C
2 + D V 4 C
o S r u ce
1 J 2 J
1 1 J O / I 1 A 3 A
8 J
6 J 8 J
1 J 2
2 J
o t p O
o s I I t a n o i
p O o t
s I oI t a ion
C S D 2
3 2 91475
_ 2 J 3 1 J
4 J
2 a n o r o C
d r a o B
e J i d
o t p O
o s I I i t a on
6 J
e T m r
y S e t s m
C O N A e p n
2 a n o r o C C d r a o B D N A e I i a t
c e n n o C # r o t J5 7 J 8 J
LE f e D D i t i n i n o T O S a T e I b g a M ic
P ( ) s o
Gr n e e c A ( t e v i ) DS 2 1 S D 2 2 2 S D 7
R ( d e B d a r e T m) DS 3 1 S D 3 2 2 S D 8
Gr n e e T ( s n a r t i m ) DS 4 1 S D 4 2 2 S D 9
Yello ( w Erro F r r m a ) e S D 15 DS25 DS 0 3
R ( d e P t r o u H ) g n DS 6 1 S D 6 2 3 S D 1
I a t i g i D
a t i G e n
1 J 4
S D 7
7 J
8 J
5 J
e T m r
e T m r
e T m r
g a M i C P c
e T m r
e T m r
1 J
2 J
5 2 A
1 3 J
5 2 A
2 3 J
A25 J41 doesn't require
a termination resistor,
when no OTS exists.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 129
Figure 2-73 Real Time (RT) Bus Block Diagram
5.1.6 System RT Bus Signals
The signals which are on this Bus are:
EXPOSE ENABLE
This is driven by the Corona2 board or the RCIM2 when the expose buttons are pressed. The s/w
has to give permission to the hardware board before this line can be driven. But s/w cannot by itself
drive this line. This signal is received by the RCIM2 for starting the exposure. This signal is also
used by the Corona2 board in the system cabinet to process the Jedi RT bus signals.
EXPOSE COMMAND
This signal is generated by the Saturn Gitane Board when ever an exposure needs to be made and
these pulses are created in sync with the signal to the camera frame signals. This is received by
the Corona2 and processed before being sent to Jedi as an RT signal.
X-RAY ON
This signal is created by the Jedi generator. It goes to the Corona2 Bd through the Jedi RT bus.
This signal is passed to the system RT bus. It is used by the RCIM2 and the Saturn to determine
when exactly the X-Rays are being turned on.
BRIGHTNESS SIGNAL
This is high frequency signal which is generated by the OCB and send to Saturns Gitane Bd. This
in turn sends it to Corona2 Bd. This is then send to the Jedi Generator. The Jedi integrates on the
pulse count and determines when to terminate the exposure.
System Cabinet
Wallbox
RFP3
A1A1 J2
Local Digital/OCB CAN/RT bus
- Generation of Brt Sig for
Digital Record
System RT bus signals are active low.
Jedi RT bus signals are active high.
RTB
over
USB
Table
IDD
2305473
OCB
Coll/OCB
+24VDC
Source
J1 J2
II
Positioner Cabinet
Positioner I/O
A1A25
J110
J1
Termination/
Biasing
Jedi CAN
Digital
50SC2 to
26HDB
converter
J2
J3
Slot 18
Gitane
Slot 8
J11
J14
Slot 17
J1
A25 J13
A25 J1
Serial
RTB
(E-Stop)
Local Jedi CAN/RT bus
- Generation of Xray ON
A25
J82
A25
J31
Corona2 Board
J9 J2
J3
Lime Board
J1
J2
J3
J4
RCIM2
Termination/
Biasing
J4
J1
Magic PC
J2
Jedi
CAN
RT
Bus
Jedi
J6
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 130 Section 5.0 - System Communications
MOTION ENABLE
This line is driven active when the table motions are enabled. The signal is driven by the Pos IO
board. At this point no other devices uses it. All the motion enables are handled by the Pos IO board.
In the future designs when remote consoles are present this line will be used.
PREP
This is driven by the Pos IO board and the RCIM2 when the prep button is pressed. This is used by
the RCIM2 to start the sequence and the Corona2 Bd to gate the signals to the Jedi.
SYSTEM RESET
This is driven by the reset button on the RCIM2. This signal goes to Magic PC, Saturn Gitane Bd,
Positioner IO board and the PDU IO board. All these are reset when the reset button is pressed.
The system reset RT line is analog differential RT line. Two positions (+/-12V or NC). The active
(i.e. reset enabled position) is +/-12V.
RT SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS (RS485 SIGNALS)
+5V Drivers are used and theres 120 Ohm termination between the -P and -N leads. Biasing
in the form of 470 Ohm resistors from the -P to +5V and the -N to 5V_RTN is provided at each
end of the bus. Termination and biasing is selectable via a bus switching device (i.e. 3383).
Transient Protection is provided for each -P and -N line. The device clamps the lines to +5V and
5V_RTN.
5.2 Ethernet
The system has a simple network route structure. The Digital system connects directly to the Magic
PC (LAN). The Magic PC connects to the external network (WAN).
The LAN is used for internal communication protocols and for Image transfer from the Digital
System to the Magic PC.
The LAN also contains two virtual routes for sub-system hardware control and Customer IUI
and Service User interface.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 131
The Magic PC is the WAN interface for Image transfer and InSite broadband connectivity.
All addresses are fixed and must not be changed except for the Magic PC External Route. This
routes IP address is generally assigned by the Customers Network Administrator.
Section 6.0
System Interconnects
Please see the MIS map for specific cable information.
6.1 System Communications
Figure 2-74 Communication Routes
IUI
Magic PC
RCIM2
DVD
Corona2
Lime
Acc. Box
Power Panel
System Communication Routes
USB
USB
Video
Video/Control
HRes Video
HRes Video
LRes Video
LRes Video
Ethernet
CANbus/RT Bus
C
A
N
b
u
s
/
R
T
B
u
s
CANbus
C
A
N
b
u
s
R
T
B
u
s
Jedi CAN
Camera Video/Control
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 132 Section 6.0 - System Interconnects
6.2 Power Distribution
6.2.1 High Voltage Distribution
Figure 2-75 High Voltage Distribution
6.2.2 UPS Power Distribution
Figure 2-76 UPS
IUI
Magic PC
RCIM2
DVD
Corona2
Lime
Acc. Box
Power Panel
HV Distribution
IUI
Magic PC
RCIM2
DVD
Corona2
Lime
Acc. Box
Power Panel
UPS
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 133
6.2.3 Power Distribution (3 Phase/120/230V)
Figure 2-77 Power Distribution (3 Phase/120/230V)
Section 7.0
Overhead Tube Suspension (OTS)
7.1 Introduction
The overhead tube suspension is the positioning device
that supports the x-ray tube and the remote console. It
includes the:
Overhead rail system
Carriage assembly
Telescopic column - vertical travel of 1500 mm (59 in)
Tube support - Precision 500D OTS includes a MX100 x-
ray tube
Collimator
IUI
Magic PC
RCIM2
DVD
Corona2
Lime
Acc. Box
Power Panel
3 Phase (Hospital Supply)
2
3
Power Dstribution
OTS
Console
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 134 Section 7.0 - Overhead Tube Suspension (OTS)
7.2 Console
The OTS console allows the operator to select receptor,
kV and mAs. Positioning of the tube can be performed
with one or two hands on the OTS Console. Notice the
three indicators below the tube rotation angle display:
Manual Collimation
Exposure Hold
Ready
Exposure Hold indicates an exposure is not allowed.
This could be due to:
Lateral or longitudinal detent error
Incorrect vertical SID
Tube angle
No film cassette
Room door interlock
The Collimator Display includes:
SID
Collimator size
Spectral filter (0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mm Copper)
7.3 Carriage
Figure 2-78 OTS Carriage
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 135
7.4 Collimator
7.4.1 Block Diagram
Figure 2-79 Collimator Block Diagram
7.4.2 Collimator Bulb
The collimator is produced by Siemens Corporation and can be replaced as a complete assembly.
The collimator light is a halogen lamp bulb that is user replaceable. Bulb must be replaced with the
manufacturer's part number as specified in the parts manual
Figure 2-80 Collimator Bulb
7.4.3 Collimator Laser
The Laser Alignment Light is adjusted in the factory and should not need adjustment. If the laser is
received out of alignment, please notify your GE sales or Service representative.
Laser Fragile
Hardware damage may occur if you attempt to adjust the laser.
1.) Adjusting the laser while power is on could result in electrical damage to the power supply
requiring the whole collimator to be replaced.
2.) Use of conductive tools within the collimator may cause the ungrounded laser base to short
the laser power supply.
Step motors: SM1 ... SM10
Electronic boards: D1, D2, D3, D4
e
D3
Light Barriers
DSA Filter
D4
e
Collimator
SM5
SM10
SM1
SM4



System
Voltage DC
Voltage DC
Voltage DC
RS232
CAN
Bus
AC Voltage
D2
User Interface
DSA Module
D1
Basis Modul
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 136 Section 7.0 - Overhead Tube Suspension (OTS)
3.) Tightening of the adjustment screws too much may pierce the laser case and make the laser
not function.
Figure 2-81 Collimator Laser
7.4.4 Collimator Fuses
Fuses used in the collimator help prevent electrical damage. To inspect them:
1.) Open the collimator side panel.
2.) Locate the fuses on the circuit boards.
3.) Measure to detect an open fuse
Figure 2-82 Collimator Fuses
7.5 OTS Counterpoise Theory of Operation
The x-ray tube vertical motion is counterpoised over a 59 inch (150 cm) range.
The counterpoise assembly uses two torsion springs attached to a tapered cam. A steel
counterpoise cable is attached to the large diameter of the cam and wound in the cam grooves then
over an idler pulley and down through the telescoping columns where the cable fitting is anchored
in the pivot shaft (gooseneck) of the tube support.
The torsion springs are fastened, on the inside coil, to a shaft fitted with a worm wheel that meshes
with a worm. The springs are pre-wound by turning the worm. See Figure 2-83 and Figure 2-84.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 137
Figure 2-83 SCHEMATIC OF COUNTERPOISE SYSTEM
Figure 2-84 COUNTERPOISE ASSEMBLY
NOTE:
THE OUTER END OF 2 SPRINGS
AND OUTER END OF COUNTERPOISE
CABLE ARE FASTENED TO A COMMON
MACHINERY GROUND
MAIN REEL
COUNTERPOISE
CABLE
BALL FITTING SEATED IN
TUBE SUPPORT FITTING
MX 100
TUBE
WORM
WHEEL
TURN TO ADJUST
COUNTERPOISE
SPRING TENSION
WORM
COUNTERPOISE
SPRING
COUNTERPOISE
CABLE WOUND
ON CAM
COUNTERPOISE
SPRING
FIELD
LIGHT
LAMP
TRANS.
COUNTERPOISE
SPRING HOUSING
COUNTERPOISE
CABLE
MAIN REEL
TAPERED
COUNTERPOISE CAM
WORM
WHEEL
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 138 Section 7.0 - Overhead Tube Suspension (OTS)
The following graph (Figure 2-85) shows the forces involved.
Figure 2-85 COUNTERPOISE FORCE GRAPH
From the curves it can be seen that the torque provided by the two springs is exactly opposite the
torque of the load times the radius of the tapered counterpoise cam, so that the net effect is zero
torque and a counterpoised condition. As the load is changed, the cable must be relocated on the
cam to use a different radius so that the new load times the new radius is equal (but opposite) to
the torque output of the two springs.
There are two fittings swagged onto the main cable: one at the cable end, and another located
22.64 (57.51 cm) from the end. Since the system uses a MX 100 tube, the end cable fitting is
anchored in the tube support. The second swagged cable fitting is used when a MX 75 tube is
mounted on the XT hanger.
Since the MX 100 is heavier than the MX 75, there will be more cable on the tapered cam and it will
be using the cam on the smaller radii. The cable location on the cam is determined by the load to
be applied to the counterpoise system. The various components loads as part of the system load,
are as in Table 2-6.
COMPONENT Counterpoise Cable Loads for
SIEMENS COLLIMATOR
TELESCOPING COLUMN
47 LB. (21.3 KG)
1
TUBE SUPPORT 27 LB. (12.2 KG)
COLLIMATOR 22 LB. (10.0 KG)
ELECTRICAL CABLES 5 LB. (2.3 KG)
SUBTOTAL COUNTERPOISE LOAD 109 LB. (49.4 KG)
MX 100 TUBE UNIT 65 LB. (29.5 KG)
GRAND TOTAL COUNTERPOISE LOAD 174 LB. (78.9 KG)
1
This is not the weight of the telescoping column assembly, but the sum of the loads
that each of the individual column loads contribute to the counterpoise cable.
Table 2-6 COUNTERPOISE CABLE LOADS
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 2 - Theory of System Operation Page 139
On the face of the cam, there is a series of numbers stamped from 1 through 7. These numbers
indicate the number of the cam groove. See Figure 2-86.
The cam, which starts at the zero turn and extends to the eighth turn, has eight full turns during
which the radius of the groove is changing continuously. See Figure 2-86. After the eighth turn, the
radius remains constant and the cable groove widens out on the outside diameter to form a wide
groove in which excess cable may be stored.
Figure 2-86 46-177061P1 FACE OF COUNTERPOISE CAM
The start of the cam is back on turn form No. 1, but it was not stamped 0 since this face would not
be visible when the cam is in the counterpoise assembly.
Figure 2-87 COUNTERPOISE
ZERO POINT OR
START OF THE
CAM
MAIN
REEL
CABLE IS TANGENT
TO THE 3.8 TURN
ON CAM WHEN TUBE
IS UP
ONE TURN
ON STORAGE
DIAMETER
POSITION OF MAIN CABLE ON
CAM WITH MX 100 TUBE
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 140 Section 7.0 - Overhead Tube Suspension (OTS)
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GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 3 - MX100 Tube Specifications Jedi 80RF2T Page 141
Chapter 3 MX100 Tube Specifications Jedi
80RF2T
Section 1.0
Introduction
The following specifications are applicable only to MX100 tubes used with a Jedi 80RF2T generator
(Precision 500D R&F System).
Section 2.0
Parameters
Section 3.0
kW Rating - Track protection
These charts are computed for 75% HU remaining (target temperature equivalent to 25% of
storage) and 100% of HU. They are applicable to single exposures and series of exposure. For
series of exposures, the time is the sum of pulse duration.
Tube P/N Catalog Number Insert Description Focal Spot
MX100 Fluoro 46-155500G228 D2281F 4"/12.5 degree/Metal 0.6 - 1.0
MX100 Rad 46-155400G281 D2301R 4"/12.5 degree/Metal 0.6 - 1.25
Table 3-1 Tube Identifiers
Description Fluoro Tube Rad Tube
Anode heat capacity 260 kJ (350 kHU) 260 kJ (350 kHU)
Anode continuous dissipation 925 W (75 kHU/mn) 925 W (75 kHU/mn)
Casing heat capacity 1,100 kJ (1,500 kHU) 1,100 kJ (1,500 kHU)
Casing continuous dissipation 925 W (75 kHU/mn) 740 W (60 kHU/mn)
Nominal high voltage 150 kV 150 kV
Maximum Power for fluoro exposures 825 W NA
Table 3-2 Tube Specifications
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 142 Section 3.0 - kW Rating - Track protection
3.1 Small Focus (0.6), High Speed (10000rpm)
Figure 3-1 Small Focus (0.6), High Speed (10000rpm)
Small Focus (0,6), High Speed (10000rpm)
100%HU
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
0,01 0,1 1 10
Maximum Exposure Time in seconds
k
W

R
a
t
i
n
g
Small Focus ( 0,6), High Speed ( 10000rpm)
75%HU
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
0,01 0,1 1 10
Maximum Exposur e Time in secon ds
k
W

R
a
t
i
n
g
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 3 - MX100 Tube Specifications Jedi 80RF2T Page 143
3.2 Large Focus (1.0), High Speed (10000rpm)
Figure 3-2 Large Focus (1.0), High Speed (10000rpm)
Large Focus ( 1.0), High Speed (10000rpm)
100%HU
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
0,01 0,1 1 10
Maximum Exposur e Time in seconds
k
W

R
a
t
i
n
g
Large Focus ( 1.0), High Speed (10000rpm)
75%HU
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
0,01 0,1 1 10
Maxi mum Exposure Time in seconds
k
W

R
a
t
i
n
g
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 144 Section 4.0 - Casing Protection
Section 4.0
Casing Protection
See service manual 46-014427, Tube rating for Maxiray 100, for Casing Heat Capacity.
Section 5.0
Anode Protection
5.1 Heat Capacity
See service manual 46-014427, Tube Rating for Maxiray 100, for Anode Heat Capacity.
5.2 Anode cooling Curve
Figure 3-3 Anode cooling Curve
Anode cooling curve
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
300,0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (min)
C
b

(
k
J
)
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Chapter 3 - MX100 Tube Specifications Jedi 80RF2T Page 145
Section 6.0
Filament protection
6.1 mA limitation at low kV
mA is limited at low kV in order to protect the filament.
Figure 3-4 mA max versus kV (for t=10 ms)
KV MA MAX
FIL 0.6 FIL 1.0 FIL 1.25
40 100 397 500
45 150 466 583
50 200 533 666
55 250 599 750
60 300 666 833
65 350 733 917
70 400 799 1000
75 400 800 1000
higher kV 400 800 1000
Table 3-3 mA Limits at Low kV
mA max ver sus kV (for t=10ms)
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
6
0
0
7
0
0
8
0
0
9
0
0
1
0
0
0
mA
k
V
Fil 0.6
Fil 1.0
Fil 1.25
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 146 Section 6.0 - Filament protection
6.2 Max mA
For each Filament, there is a mA limitation, regardless the kV.
6.3 Filament Drive Level
Comment: The spec of 3.2A, used for Jedi is a conservative rating. Hence it does not impact negatively tube
life.
Fil 0.6 400 mA
Fil 1.0 800 mA
Fil 1.25 1000 mA
Table 3-4 Filament mA limitations
State Tube Fluoro Tube Rad Duration max.
SF 0.6 LF 1.0 SF 0.6 LF 1.25
Preheat 1.9 A 1.9 A 2.5 A 2.5 A NA
Stand-By
(see comment)
3.2 A 3.2 A 3.2 A 3.2 A 5mn
Exposure (max) 5.7 A 7.1 A 5.7 A 7.1 A NA
Boost (max) 9 A 9 A 9 A 9 A 400ms
Table 3-5 Filament Drive Level
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Glossary Page 147
Glossary of Acroymns & Their Meaning
ACROYMN DEFINITION
ABC / (ABS) Automatic brightness control/system. Regulates brightness
ABD Automatic Brightness Detection
ACTOR A Software Module that performs some function or action
ADC or A/D Analog to Digital Converter
ADCM Active Distortion Correction Module
ADCS Active Distortion Correction System
AEC Automatic exposure control. Technique used to control brightness signal to cut exposure.
ARETHA Aretha refers to the product development name for Precision 500D. The two are
synonymous
ATHENA Digital System SW, which runs on the Windows 95 OS and on the Saturn Hardware
ATLAS CORE Operating system of the X-Ray products
CALYPSO GEMS engine ring name for the System control Software application
CAN Controller Area Network - A serial communication method in use on Precision 500D.
CANopen A protocol for a CAN network. Used interchangeably with CAN
CAT Collimator Alignment Tool
CCD Charge Coupled Devices
CCU Camera Control Unit
CDS Correlated Double Sampling
CIB Custom Interface Board
COTS Commercial Off The Shelf Tool
CPU Central Processing Unit
CPU Control processor unit. Microprocessor and peripherals which run the software/firmware
DAC Digital to Analog Converter
DHC Digital Host Control Board
DSA Digital Subtraction Angiography
DSC2 Digital Servo Controller, Version 2
EFC Earth Field Compensation
FNR Fluoro Noise Reduction
FOV Field of View
FPGA Field programmable gate array. It is programmed by the CPU core after the reset and
handles all the exposure control logic including the system interface real-time lines
FPS Frames Per Second
FRU Field Replaceable Unit (Spare Part)
G1, G2, G3 Grids 1, 2 and 3
GHOST Software Image of the Saturn OS on CDROM. Ghost is a trademark of Symantec Inc.
GUI Graphical User Interface
HV RIPPLE High voltage variations due to inverter current pulses. Typically measured in percent.
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 148 Glossary
HVPS High Voltage Power Supply
IAB Image Acqusition Board
ICB Image Correction Board
IDB Image Display Board
IDD Intelligent Digital Device- Equivalent to the SFD with no film functionality. Introduced with
the release of Precision 500D.
IGBT Insulated gate bipolar transistor power switch.
II Image Intensifier
Ilp HV power inverter parallel resonant current. Current in the parallel inductor
Ilr HV power inverter serial resonant current. Current in the serial inductor
IMB Image Display Board
IO or I/O Input/Output
IUI Integrated User Interface
JEDI GEHC High Voltage Generator used for X-Ray generation
LAT Lateral
LEELO Engineering name for the Image Chain hardware; CCD, Image Intensifier,...
LFC Load from Cold
LONG Longitudinal
LOTO LockOut/Tag Out
LP Line Pair
LSL Lower Specification Limit
LUT Look Up Table
MAINS Hospital Supplied AC Power
Magic Pc IUI Hardware; where the Linux operating system executes and resides.
MITRA Software supplier for DICOM application SW
MOS Metal oxyde semiconductor. Power switch
NDF Neutral Density Filter
NVRAM Non Volatile Random Access Memory
OCB Optics Control Board
OLC On-Line Center
OS Operating System
OTS Overhead Tube Suspension
PA Power Assist
PCI Pherperial Control Interface
PDB PhotoDiode Board
PDU Power Distribution Unit
POS Positioner
PPC Power PC. Main computer for the HV (Jedi) generator)
PUT Pick Up Tube
RAD Radiography
R&F Radiography & Fluoroscopy
ACROYMN DEFINITION
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Glossary Page 149
RED HAT SW version of Linux. Red Hat is an integrator and supplier of the Linux operating system.
ROI Region of Interest
POT Potentiometer
RPM RedHat (Linux) Package Manager software
RS422 A Serial Communications Hardware Connection Type
RT Real Time
RTB Real Time Bus
PWA Printed Wire Board is synonymous with printed circuit board (PCB).
SABER Applications SW for positioning.
SAE Society of Automotive Engneers - International organization that sets standards for
materials and fasteners in both English and Metric units, See www.sae.org
SATURN Digital System Hardware; where the windows 95 operating system runs
SBC Single Board Computer
SCAT System Compatibility Assurance Testing performed by GE prior to deliverly.
SCB Scan Converter Board
SFD Spot Film Device - An analog filming device.
STATE MACHINE Software or hardware functions that handle the state of a computer and authorizes it to go
to the next state upon reception of specific events.
SUIF Service User Interface
SW Abbreviation for the word Software
SYSTEM RESET A system reset is accomplished by pressing the green button located on the IUI. Pressing
it causes all of the computer to shutdown and restart. Thus re-booting the operating
systems and system applications.
TTL Transistor to Transistor Logic
UPS Un-interruptible Power Supply
U/T Abbreviation for Under Table
USL Upper Specification Limit
ACROYMN DEFINITION
GE HEALTHCARE
DIRECTION 5184799-100, REVISION 2 PRECISION 500D R&F SYSTEM MANUAL
Page 150 Glossary
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X
R
A
Y
152
2007, General Electric Company.
GE Medical Systems, a General Electric Company, going to market as GE Healthcare.
3000 N. Grandview Boulevard
Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188
USA
www.gehealthcare.com