Gregg Shorthand

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GREGG SHORTHAND
A LIGHT LINE PHONOGRAPHY

FOR THE MILLION
BY
JOHN ROBERT GREGG
REVISED EDITION
1908
THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY
NEW YORK Gft) CHICAGO

Copyright, 1902, by John R. Gregg
Copyright, 1901, by John R. Gregg
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1893,

By JOHN R. GREGG,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington
"indited in the United States of America, Great Britain and

Ireland, France, Germany, Italy and Spain.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Preface vii
Advice to the Student xvii

The Alphabet op Gregg Shorthand xx
First Lesson
Consonants: K, G, R, L, N, M, T, D, H 1
Vowels: The Circles 2
Rules for Joining Circles 4
General Exercise 5
Simple Word-Signs 7
Phrase-Writing -
8
Punctuation, etc. 8
Writing Exercise 9
Reading Exercise 10
Second Lesson
Consonants: P, B, F, V, Ch, J, Sh 11
Rule for Joining Circles to Oblique Curves 12
Rule for Placing First Consonant 13-
General Exercise 13
Word-Signs and Phrases 15
Writing and Reading Exercises 16
Third Lesson
Vowels: The Hooks 17
Rules for Joining Hooks 17
General Exercise 19
W and Y 21
General Exercise on W and Y 22
Fourth Lesson
Consonants: S, Th 26
Rules for Joining S and Th 27
Z and Th (as in breathe) Explained 29
iii
IV CONTENTS.
PAGE
The Combinations Ng and Nk 30

General Exercise 30
Fifth Lesson
Diphthongs U, Ow, Oi, I 34
Vowel Combinations 36
General Exercise 37
Sixth Lesson
Blended Consonants -
41
Ten, den, tem, dem, ent, end, emt, emd 42
Def, dev, tive, jent, jend, pent, pend 44
Men, mem, ted, ded, det, ses 45
General Exercise 46
Writing Exercise 49
Reading Exercise 50
Seatenth Lesson
Complete List of Word-Signs 51
Writing Exercise 57
Reading Exercise 59
Eighth Lesson
Compound Words 60
The Past Tense of Word-Signs 61
Phrase Writing 62
General Exercise 63
Omission of Words in Phrase Writing 65
"
The Phrase " Do Not and the Contraction "
Don't
"
68
Special Business Phrases 69
Writing Exercise 70
Reading Exercise 71
Ninth Lesson
The Abbreviating Principle 72
Rules for Expressing R 73
Omission of Consonants 75
General Exercise 76
Writing Exercise 78
Reading Exercise 80
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Tenth Lesson
Omission of Vowels 81
General Exercise 83
General Rules 84
Figures, etc 86
General Exercise 86
Writing Exercise 87
Reading Exercise 88
Eleventh Lesson
Joined Prefixes 90
Writing Exercise 92
Positive and Negative Words 95
Compound Joined Prefixes 96
Irregular Compounds 97
Reporting Contractions 97
Writing Exercise 98
Reading Exercise 99
Twelfth Lesson
Disjoined Prefixes: The Indication of Tr 100
General Exercise 101
Writing Exercise 104
Reading Exercise 105
Thirteenth Lesson
Disjoined Prefixes —
continued 106
Compound Disjoined Prefixes 110
Disjoined Prefixes Used to Represent Words 110
Fourteenth Lesson
Joined Affixes 113
Compound Joined Affixes 117
Fifteenth Lesson
'
Disjoined Affixes 120

vi CONTENTS.
PAGE
Sixteenth Lesson
Analogical Abbreviation 130
Seventeenth Lesson
Advanced Phrase Writing 136
Omission of Words 136
Intersection 137
Indication of "ing" in Phrase Writing 138
Modification of Word Forms 138
Eighteenth Lesson
Initials -
144
Days and Months 144
Principal Cities 145
States and Territories 146
Points of the Compass, etc. 147
General Rules 147
Supplementary
A Short Vocabulary 153
Business Letters 158
Shorthand as a Means of Mental Culture 159
Court Testimony 160
Key to Plates 161
PREFACE.
The system of shorthand presented in this manual is now
taught in more than double the number of representative public

and private schools in the United States and Canada that are using
any other text-book on shorthand. When it is remembered

that Gregg Shorthand was first published in America less than
nine years ago, the full significance of its popularity is apparent.
First published in America in 1893, the progress of the system
was slow but steady until the year 1898. Up to that time it
had been presented in two little paper-covered pamphlets, and
consequently attracted little attention except from a few earnest

and progressive teachers whose interest had been aroused by the
remarkable results accomplished by its students. The upward
rise of Gregg Shorthand dates from the spring of 1898 when
a revised edition was published in one volume, bound in cloth.
Within six months from the publication of the system in this

more attractive form, it had been adopted by more schools
than had taught it in all the preceding years.
Considered merely as a text-book, without reference to the
system it explained, the manual published in 1898 was regarded
by many experienced teachers of all systems as marking a dis
tinct and important advance in the method of presentation,
and decidedly superior to the text-books previously used.
Like the system it expounded, the manual was a departure
from the old lines, and its success is best evidenced by the
numerous imitations of it that have since appeared.
The distinctive features of the book may be summed up as-
follows:
The instruction was given in simple language, free from
(a)
vii
viii PREFACE.
the long, pedantic discussions about "

continuants, labials, explo-
dents, fricatives, coalescents, etc.," which were so dear to the
hearts of authors of the old style books.
(b) It presented but

style of shorthand, as distinguished
one
from the "Learner's," "Corresponding," and "Reporting" styles

into which most of the old style books divided the subject.
(c) The alphabet was given in easy sections, and the student
was able to write words and sentences from the first lesson.
"
It was the "
Actual Practice method adapted to shorthand.
(d) No word was given in the exercises which would be mate

rially changed at a more advanced stage of the study. It was
"
the original Word Method
"
of learning shorthand.
(e) A few word signs were given with each lesson, and were
incorporated in the sentences, thus rendering the task of memo
rizing them a comjsaratively light one.
(f ) The shorthand characters were placed alongside the printed
words and not on the opposite page. This gave a brighter aspect
to the pages, rendered the study more interesting, and resulted
in saving the time usually wasted in referring from one
page
to another. It also enabled the student more readily to test
his knowledge of the lessons by covering up the shorthand
and trying to write the words from the printed
key.
All of these good features have been retained in this edition.
The changes made in the arrangement of the lessons
simplify
the acquirement of the system, and the additional exercises
insure a more thorough comprehension of the rules and
prin
ciples. At the request of several experienced teachers, the plan
of giving the phonetic sounds of the words in the earlier
lessons,
which was omitted in the last
revision, has been restored. It
may be well to explain that Webster's International Dictionary
was used as
authority on pronunciation; but in a few words
where the pronunciation was optional,
preference
has been given
to the vowel which gave the most facile
joining.
PREFACE. IX
An important innovation is the introduction of phrase- writing

from the very first lesson. It has been the custom to postpone
phrase -writing until the principles of shorthand have been
mastered; but all teachers know that when a student has
acquired a habit of words
separately words that should
writing —
naturally be
joined it is
extremely difficult for him to after
—
wards obtain an easy command of phrase-writing. By using

simple phrases from the beginning of the study, the student
easily acquires a habit of joining words, and requires little
special instruction in that very important part of the study.
The shorthand forms were reproduced by photo-engraving
from my shorthand notes. This method does not give the
exactness of form secured by having the outlines drawn by
rule and compass, but I believe it is the better plan for the
reasonthat it presents shorthand as actually written. Short
hand characters drawn by a draftsman with mechanical pre
cision ungraceful and lifeless, while skillfully written notes
are
convey impression of artistic ease of execution that is a con

an
stant source of inspiration and encouragement to the student.

The slight deviations in the length or shape of the characters
so written will familiarize him with the variations to which
all written shorthand is subject, and will increase his ability
in reading.
It is somewhat unusual to completely revise a shorthand text
book after four years. One of the most popular of the old style
text-books was not revised for thirty-five years, and another for
twenty-five years. The author of one of these books frankly
acknowledged in his preface that the revision was prepared
"
mainly because the plates from which the preceding editions
have been printed are so worn out that repairs are no longer
been pre
practicable." The revision of Gregg Shorthand has
it possi
pared simply because in my class-room work I found
ble to make certain improvements in the method of presenting
X PREFACE.
the subject, and in the arrangement of the exercises which

would insure even better results. I have always thought that
my long experience as a teacher has given me a distinct advan
tage over most authors in enabling me to understand the needs
of both teacher and student, and it is my intention to spare

neither labor nor expense in making the text-books and other
publications of the system as nearly perfect as possible.

I desire, in conclusion, to express my sincere and heartfelt
gratitude to the countless teachers and writers of Gregg Short

hand whose suggestions have aided me in preparing this book,
and who have thereby helped to advance a great reform in the
art of brief writing.
JOHN ROBERT GREGG.
Chicago, March, 1902.
ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND.
A RADICAL DEPARTURE.
All history has shown that when a limit to

development in
any one direction is reached, further progress has come through
a radical departure from the old lines.
Gregg Shorthand has
aroused exceptional and widespread interest because of two
things -its radical departure from the old lines, and the un
—
paralleled success of its writers. For half a century clever pho-

nographers all over the world have been endeavoring to improve
the old method, and their efforts have merely resulted in slight
modifications of the original system. Had it been possible to
make any real improvement on the old lines, it would have
been made long ago by Messrs. Graham, Munson, Longley, and
the host of other adapters of Pitman's phonography. The
theory of the author is that the trend of shorthand progress

is toward a more complete identity with our ordinary long
hand writing, which, in its adaptability to the hand, embodies
the wisdom of ages. Holding that view, no characters have
been admitted to the alphabet that are not to be found in
ordinary writing. In this there is a great and obvious advan

tage, for at the very outset of his study the student is enabled
to utilize the practice he has had in writing long hand, and
is relieved of the drudgery of training the hand to draw with
mechanical accuracy unfamiliar characters in all possible di
rections.
AS COMPARED WITH GEOMETRICAL SYSTEMS.
This great and vital distinction marks the difference between

the two styles of writing; in the Pitmanic systems (by which
xi
xii ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND.
is meant Isaac Pitman, Benn Pitman, Graham, Munson, Longley,

Dement, all modifications of the original Isaac Pitman, which
uses geometrical signs as a basis), the writer must become ex
pert in rapid drawing; in Gregg Shorthand it is only the further
development of writing characters with which the hand is already
familiar. But the advantage does not end there, for as the
writer becomes expert he finds that in rapid writing the system
does not involve the severe manual and mental strain insepar
able from the zigzag motion of systems founded on a geomet
rical basis, nor do the word forms undergo the great changes
under stress of rapid writing a never-ending source of inaccu
—
racy and hesitancy in the Pitmanic systems. Owing to the awk

ward nature of the joinings in geometrical shorthand, the angles
become obscure in rapid writing and all semblance of the origi
nal forms is lost. The writer consequently not only has to master
the correct form, but all the possible variations of it that take
place under pressure of rapid execution. In contrast with this

there is a wonderful and unerring analogy in the form of a word
in Gregg Shorthand no matter how rapidly it may be written.
A writer of a geometrical system can have no adequate idea
of the easy flow which is imparted to the writing by the uni
formity of movement and the prevalence of curves in the Gregg

system.
THE ALPHABET OF GREGG SHORTHAND.
The real of
Gregg Shorthand lies in its alphabet;
strength
all the rest is subsidiary. In his earlier efforts at shorthand
construction the author, adhering to the precedent of his
pre
decessors, followed the false theory that the most facile char
acters must be assigned to the representation of the most
frequent
letters. He laboriously compiled statistics the
showing compara
tive frequency of letters, or rather sounds, and devoted a
great
deal of time to scientific experiments with a view to determin
ing the ease with which the various shorthand characters could
ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND. xiii
be written. In these experiments the results of the investiga

tions of others were of no value, as
theyhad been made from
a geometrical standpoint. The these
alphabets developed by
experiments were hopelessly inefficient, and he was, for a time,
reluctantly forced to acknowledge the truth of the assertion
so often made that it was
impossible to construct a practical
system of shorthand using the slope of long hand as a basis,
and in which there should be neither shading nor position
writing. When he was almost disheartened, there came to him

a new idea : that the value of a letter or a shorthand character
is determined by its combination with other letters or characters.
From that idea has come a revolution in shorthand.
The assignment to individual
letters, as we have said, is
of slight importance ; the vital matter is the use made of the
combination. Realizing the importance of the discovery he had
made, and the vast potentialities that lay back of it, the most
exhaustive experimental investigations were made to evolve an
alphabet that would endure. The alphabet of Gregg Shorthand

has therefore been worked out on scientific principles deduced
from a close analytical study of the combinations in the lan
guage and the movements used in ordinary writing.

It is almost needless to say that a faulty allotment of the
alphabetic characters would have entirely nullified in practice

the value of the natural principles which form the basis of the
system. But even a cursory glance at the alphabet will show

that T, D, N, M have certain strokes assigned to their repre
sentation in order that, by the junction of these strokes in the
form of a curve, the common syllables ten, den, tern, dem, ent,
end, emt, emd may each be effectively represented by a single
effort of the hand. By this combination another important
advantage is gained in the abolition of the obtuse or blunt
angle which has always been recognized as an obstacle to swift
and accurate writing. So much may be seen at a hasty glance,
xiv ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND.
but deeper study will prove that the entire alphabet has been
a
carefully thought out in accordance with the respective values

of the letters and signs in combination with each other. For
example, the ever-recurring compounds pr, br, pi, bl, kr, kl, gr,
gl, fr, fl, rk are each effectively represented by one effort, and
the same applies to the syllables ses, ted, ded, men, mem,
remark
def dev, jent, fend. Hitherto it has been customary in short

hand systems to deal with these consonantal diphthongs,"
"
as they have appropriately been termed, by special rules and
far-fetched devices, -with, innumerable "exceptions," and the

natural result is that these systems present a bewildering num
ber of possible ways of writing the same word.
The principles of Gregg Shorthand, on the other hand, enable
the writer to construct the forms in the rational oi'der, as it-
recognizes the truth that the same sounds should always be

written with the same forms, and that sounds should always be
represented by characters or signs which are both written and

read in the of their delivery in spoken language. This
order
principle, that of
writing the sounds in their natural sequence,
is one of the greatest factors in the speed possibilities of the
system, and renders its acquisition a comparatively easy task.

The more it is studied, the more impressed will the thoughtful
investigator be with the Gregg alphabet as a marvelous welding

of simplicity and power. Nothing, perhaps, more impressively
evidences the strength of the alphabet than the fact that .not
one character has been changed since it was first
published, and
none has even been And this combination of sim
suggested.
plicity and power in the alphabet is the surest guarantee of
its permanence. The numerous changes which the alphabet of
the Titmanic system has undergone, on the other hand, clearly
show that it has been found lacking.
ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND. xv
SYNOPSIS OF LEADING PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE.
(1) No
Compulsory Thickening. May be writ —
ten either light or heavy.
(2) Written on the Slope of Longhand, thus

securing a uniform manual movement. As in
(3) Position Writing A bolished May be writ
ten on unruled and in one
Ordinary
paper
line.
Writing.
straight
(4) Vowels and Consonants are Joined, and
follow each other in their natural order.
(5) Angles are Rare. —
Curves predominate.
This brief synopsis will suffice to show that the aim of the
author has been to adhere to those natural principles which
govern ordinary writing. By a practical combination of these

elements as a foundation, the system secures to the writer,
with very little practice, that perfect command of the charac
ters which is productive of the best results, and which can
only be obtained with the old methods by years of painstaking,

persistent practice.
ITS SUCCESS IN DIFFICULT REPORTING.
The success of Gregg Shorthand in commercial work, as the

first and greatest field for the employment of the art, has natu
rally enough somewhat obscured its equally great achievements
in reportorial work. More than nine-tenths of those who study
shorthand make use of it in commercial work, and the ready
adaptability of Gregg Shorthand to all lines of business, however
technical the language used, may be found its greatest element
of strength.
In the April, 1901, issue of the
Gregg Writer, we published
a letter from Dr. Wilson A. Smith bearing emphatic testimony
to the remarkable efficiency of the system in reporting medical

XVI ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND.
lectures and discussions, which is admittedly the most difficult
of all stenographic work ; andconstantly learning of Gregg

we are
writers, after a very brief experience in general stenographic work,

successfully entering the field of court reporting. In a system
so young the strides made by Gregg Shorthand in the repor-
torial field have been phenomenal, and have been viewed with
astonishment by those who have regarded reporting efficiency
as something to be expected only after years of practice and
experience in general work more

years than Gregg Short
—
hand has been in existence.
RECEIVED HIGHEST SCIENTIFIC INDORSEMENT.
following is taken from Researches on Movements Used

The "
in Writing," by Cloyd N. McAllister, Ph. D., being a reprint

from Yol. VIII. of Studies from the Yale Psychological Labora
tory. Thereport is an exhaustive account of the elaborate

scientific experiments conducted by the Yale Psychological Lab
oratory to determine the relative ease with which the various

movements in writing can be made. The following paragraphs
referring Gregg Shorthand contain the highest scientific indorse
to
ment ever given to a system of shorthand writing :
"For the students of stenography, the question of speed is
of the greatest importance. The older systems contain
many
characters that must be made by movements in the direction
of the radii of quadrant IV. These movements are
very slow,
requiring 27 per cent more time on the average than the move
ments of quadrant III., and 24 per cent more than those of quad
rant I.
"One system of shorthand, introduced into this country about
lS!Ki, contains no characters that must be made in either
quad
rant II. or IV., and the slope of the characters is such that they
lie very near the middle of the quadrants I. and III. In this
respect, then, this system of shorthand is the most
rapid yet devised."
ADVICE TO THE STUDENT.
Thoroughness is absolutely essentia] to satisfactory progress

in shorthand. And while it is important at all stages of the
study, it is especially so in the earlier lessons, because the system
is based on these. While the manner of preparing the lesson
will depend largely on the individual and his teacher, the follow
ing method has been found very effective :
After having studied the rules and thoughtfully practiced

writing the illustrative examples given, go over the General Exer
cise by reading the printed word and observing closely how it is
written in shorthand. It will be of no practical value to you to
do this in a desultory manner; you must apply yourself diligently
to the task. Analyze thoroughly the sounds expressed by the
shorthand characters. When you have done this, test your
knowledge of the lesson by covering up the printed words and
translating from the shorthand characters, writing the words in
long hand in your note-book and comparing afterwards with the
original. Then write the words in shorthand, and compare with
the outlines given in the Manual. Correct your errors relent
lessly, and practice the corrected forms until they are mastered.
If you have done this work thoughtfully and conscientiously,
you are now prepared to practice the outlines with a view of

obtaining facility in writing.
At first, write slowly and carefully, aiming at accuracy rather
than speed, but do not draw the characters. You must under
stand at the outset that shorthand must be written; but you must
also upon your mind that whatever you wTrite you must
impress
read, hence the necessity for good penmanship. As skill in exe
cuting the movements is obtained, the speed may be increased
xvii
xvi i i ADVICE TO THE STUDENT.
until the forms can rapidly. Some attention should

be written
be given to acquiring a capacity for writing individual outlines
rapidly without perceptible stops, with a free movement of the

hand. Aim to acquire a smooth style of writing, executing each
-character with easy, continuous motion of the pen, and pass
an
ing directly to the next without unnecessary movements. A
halting, jerky movement is fatal to speed, and may be traced

almost always to indecision, caused by unfamiliarity with the
forms. Analyze the words carefully at first; and to do this it is
necessary, of course, to think of them in detail, but when the
outline has been determined, in practicing it think of it as a
ivhole. Repetition is a principle of education that is particularly
applicable to such an art as shorthand, where knowledge must be
accompanied by a high degree of technical skill. Frequent
reviews of the lessons should therefore be a part of the student's
regular course, until all the principles have been incorporated in

his writing, and he has acquired skill in applying them.
In order that your progress may be sure and rapid, master
each lesson before proceeding to the next. After completing a
lesson in the Manual, and testing your knowledge of it, as
explained above, write out the test given for each lesson in "Pro
gressive Exercises." When your work has been corrected, fill
out all the blank spaces faithfully. These exercises have been
selected and arranged for the purpose of developing independent
reading and writing ability on the part of the student, and they
are of the utmost
importance. They should always be used in
■connection with the Manual, as their use will insure a
thorough
knowledge of the rules, exactness in and
writing, facility in
reading.
Your advancement depends upon your
knowledge of the
forms and phrases, and the facility with which
you can write
them. Therefore a great deal of practice in
reading and writing-
is necessary to acquire skill in writing and confidence in reading
ADVICE Ô THE STUDENT. xix
In addition to the work outlined in this Manual, we strongly

recommend the use of the exercises given each month in the
Learners'Department of the Gregg Writer. These exercises can
be used with great advantage from the very first lesson. Each
number contains many helpful suggestions, and a number of
shorthand pages that afford valuable reading and writing exer
cises for students at allstages of advancement.
Whether to use a
pen or pencil in writing will depend to a
large extent upon the temperament of the writer. If a pen is
used, be sure to select one that writes smoothly ; if a pencil, see
that it is always kept sharp. Do not exert any more pressure
than is necessary to make a clear character. Provide yourself
with a number of good pencils, and before the day's session
begins, sharpen them so that you will not lose any time from
your school work.

You must remember that in the learning of shorthand there
are two important factors systematic development and cultiva
—
tion of the mind, and skillful training of the hand, that the hand
and brain must be brought to work together harmoniously and
smoothly. This cannot be accomplished by unmethodical and

half-hearted efforts. If you attack the difficult problems with
confidence and determination, half of their difficulty will disap

pear. You must put enthusiasm into your study, and learn to
rely on yourself. Never give a second thought to what will be

the final outcome of your efforts. You will find that your reward
will be exactly gauged by the degree of proficiency you attain,

and that skill in any art comes only from infinite and determined
practice.
XX GREGG SHORTHAND.
The alphabet of Gregg shorthand.
CONSONANTS. VOWELS.
G R L N M Short. a as in cat O
"
Medium. a calm O
«
Long. a came
PB FV ChJ TD
rf V // ~" Short. i as in din o
down down down up Medium. den 9

<i
Long. dean ©
S Th Sh H
f or > ^ or
Short. 0 as in hot
"
down up Medium. aw audit
"
Long. d ode
BLENDED CONSONANTS.
Short. « as in tuck •*»
COMPOSED OF
Medium. <?<?
"
took *?
s~ ^~ Long. oo
"
doom
TeN, DeN „
TeM, DeM / ^"~~
-^ ^
eNT, eND
^ —
eMT, eMD
DIPHTHONGS.
DeF, DeV /? ^\7
/> 6^ COMPOSED OF
JeNT, JeND
U tr-(V in unit
MeN, MeM —
as <f
ow <>-<;t5
"
owl (f
"
TeD, DeD 01 aw
(i
oil <>>
f I d-C
l(
isle <D
SeS ;
FIRST LESSON.
1. Write the sounds of each word and omit all silent
letters; thus for aim write am (long sound of a), for cat
write hat, for knee write ne.
Consonants.
2. The alphabet should be mastered in sections, as
given in these lessons. It will be noticed that the con
sonants arranged in pairs, according to their affinity of

are
sound, and are distinguished by a difference in length.

There is no absolute standard as to length, as the charac
ters, being founded on ordinary writing, vary in size, slope,

etc., according to the personal habits of the writer. The
size of the characters given in this manual will be a safe
standard to adopt. The characters for the consonants in
this lesson are derived from an elliptical figure, thus :
KG RL NM TD H
3. All of these characters are written forward from
left to and T, D struck upward from the line of

right,
i
2 GREGG SHORTHAND.
writing. The G here given is gay, being the

pronounced
hard sound as in game, get, and not the soft sound heard
in gem, magic. The aspirate H is indicated by a dot
placed over the vowel. Practice all these characters until

can write them without the slightest hesitation.
you
VOWELS.
4. In writing by sound there are twelve distinct vow
els, instead of five, as in the ordinary spelling. These

twelve vowels arranged in groups, each group consist
are
ing of three closely related sounds, which are represented

in practical writing by the same sign.
5. In this lesson have the first two groups, which
we
are called the "A" and "E" groups. When joined to other
characters the circle or
ring is the most facile of all steno
graphic marks. In the body of a word it is usually as

easy to include a circle as to omit it, and it frequently
happens that by taking away an
angle that would obstruct
the continuous movement of the pen the circle actually
increases the speed with which the outline may be writ
ten. It follows that circles should represent very frequent
letters, and in this system the small circle represents e,
the most common letter in the language, and the large
circle represents a, which ranks second in importance. If
you leave off the connecting strokes of the a and e of
ordinary writing, you have the large and small circles or
loops, and these represent the letters A and E in this

system; thus ^
„
GREGG SHORTHAND. 3
6. Thecircle represents the short sound of a,

large
as heard in
cat, ran; a dot placed beneath the circle indi
cates the medium sound of the
vowel, as in calm, mar;
a short dash in the same
position indicates the long sound,
as in ate, aim. Practice the following :
a O cat kat ^
& & calm k a m ^3
a O came k a m
--3—
7. The small circle represents the short sound of i,

as heard in dim, rid (not the long sound of i, heard in
dime, ride); a dot beneath the circle indicates the sound
of e, in net ; short dash in the
as
get, a same position indi
cates the long sound of e, as in me, meek. Practice the
following :
I °
din din /*~
8 f den den ^~
e o dean den /^
8. The dot and dash are sometimes useful for enabling

the writer to indicate with precision the exact vowel
sounds in unfamiliar or isolated words, but otherwise they
are seldom used in practical work. In thefollowing ex
ercises they are introduced to give facility in applying
them, but are omitted in writing sentences.
4 gregg shorthand.
rules for Joining Circles.
9. When joined to a curve the circle is turned on the
inside of the curve.
^
eke e k f hack h a k
key k lay 1 a
e
"^
ear e r f-' ill i 1
egg 8 g •=»
—
> era e r a" }-&
ale a 1 e— -
gay g a -""3
10. Between two reverse curves the circle is turned

on the back of the first curve.
kill k 1 1 ~-*__^ rack r a k --er->
wreck r 6 k v-<r_>
lake 1 a k - —
cj~«
gear ger -—
trick t r T k ^^-^
>*»_,
rig rig _^—^ raS r & ff v_<=5

v
11. When joined to straight lines, the circle is written

forward —
as the hands of a clock move.
aim a m <=>
—
day d a ""V
me m e „
may m a
—
<=
him him I —
mean men
GREGG SHORTHAND. 5
12. When two characters join with an

angle, the circle
is written on the outside of the angle,
—
meek k
—
rear r e r
"-f m e
^
keg k 8 g ^-bt
—
, net n 8 1 —S
—
team tern <? gain g a n
-
&-
13. You can now

proceed to copy the following list of
words. In pay particular attention to the
doing this,
sounds of each word, and repeat them as you write. This
will help to the forms upon your memory, and at
impress
the same time familiarize you with the ordinary process
of note-taking. When you have gone through the exam
ples, test your knowledge of the lesson by covering up the
shorthand forms and trying to write the words correctly
without looking at the printed characters.
14. GENERAL exercise.

knee n e _^
take t a k
keen ken -s— tact takt
kick kik '—zr~\ tray t r a
ache a k t=r-> train t r a n
acre a k r <=r-v^ treat tret
acme a k m e nail n a I
6 GREGG SHORTHAND.
neck n 6 k _^
—
, tale t a 1
cake k a k -~sr-> tame tarn
ark ark a—, deem d e m
eat e t rim rim
kit kit rainy rani
hit hit hill h 1 1
had had <r mill m l 1
eddy 6di attic a 1 1 k
writ r I t calm k a m
meet met came k a m
creed k r e d ticket t i k c t
cream k r e m tickle tiki
merry m e r l deck d e k
lane Ian deacon dekn
lamb 1 a m d
decay e k a
lady 1 a d l rail r a 1
ready redi reel r e 1
deed ded
gray g r a
GREGG SHORTHAND. 7
grim grim
—
-
^-» —
arena arena <Zo-e>

s
dairy d a r I ^>" narrate n a r a t ^^
get g 6 t marine &

—
-
a^ m r e n
_q_p-
gain g a n „
—
^_
lick 1 1 k -
„_,
linen linen j. c,- kettle k 8 1 1 ^~>r~
Simple Word-Signs.
15. A large proportion of all written and spoken lan

guage is made up of a few simple words repeated over and
over
again ; indeed it is computed that about one hundred
of these words comprise more than one-half of all ordinary
language. In all systems of shorthand, brief forms are
provided for such words, and the

following list should be
committed to memory before proceeding further:
can ^— , at, it -^
go, good ^~" ■> would ^^
are, our
■ —
he a
■"
well, will
~
—
I O
(dot)
—
in, not a, an
'"
am, more the (th)
up
8 GREGG SHORTHAND.
phrase-Writing.
16. The simple words is a great help to
joining of
speed in shorthand writing, if done judiciously. It is a

difficult art to acquire if deferred, as is usually done, until
the student has formed a habit of writing the common
words separately. You should, therefore, assiduously cul
tivate the practice from the first lesson by the use of such
simple phrases as are here given. The broader application

of the principle in actual work will then become easy and
natural.
"
in the — ^"
it will -~—
"~
I can ^-r—> will not
I will Q— "
can not
' "—
would not -^~ it will not "

"~
I would ^ I can not ^r_L-
I am <=>
in our
at the --^
can ttie - —
^
Punctuation, etc.
17. The
period or full stop is expressed by the end s
,
of a paragraph by the dash by

>
, and the interroga
=
,
tion by Capitals and proper names may be indi

x .
cated by two short dashes under the outline. The

paren
thesis may be expressed
by the ordinary marks with short
dashes through them
■£ }-.
GREGG SHORTHAND. 9
18. The following sentences should be written without

referring to the preceding pages. If you have much diffi
culty in writing the words, you may rest assured that the
lesson has not been thoroughly mastered, and that you
require further practice on the examples already given.

Write slowly and carefully. As a good style is the first
essential to rapid writing, you should earnestly endeavor
to obtain such a command over the outlines that your
hand will execute them neatly and legibly when you
begin to "get up speed."
19. Writing Exercise.
Write the following sentences in shorthand :
Dan would-not take the ticket at-the gate.

I-will get the rare meat.
Can Lena not eat more cake?
Our cat would-not kill the rat in-the garret.
The greedy cattle may eat the hay in-the rack.
Minnie Miller will-not trim her hat in green.
Our train came in late.
Dick Allen came here at a late hour.
Can Hallie take the red hat ?

The League team will meet at-the Arena.
Had Henry the key ? He-will-not go in-our train.
A gooddeed may not tarry.
It-will go well.
10 gregg shorthand.
20. Reading exercise.
Transcribe the following:
^
SECOND LESSON.
21. All the characters given in this lesson are written

downward. CH is pronounced chay, not see, aitch; and
SH should be called ish, not es, aitch. The close relation
ship existing between SH and CH will be made clear by

pronouncing hranSH, oranCH, FrenSH, FrenCH; SH
should be written as a mere tick. These characters are
derived from another elliptical figure; thus
P B F V CH J SH
s r ; j / / ,
22, Should you have any difficulty in memorizing

these signs, the following mnemonics may be of assist
^~r(
'
ance: y?
23. In writing F, V, a rather vertical inclination is
desirable in order that the curve may join easily with

other characters. Practice the following outlines and in
without forming angle. The motion
doing so join fr,fi an
n
12 GREGG SHORTHAND.
is just the same as in writing a

part of 7 in long
hand, thus 'Az
free fre <^> feed fed
<^-"^
fray fra ^f fig fTg
frame f r a m ^2 — vain van <=^-
flash flSsh d-^ fail fal <=^_-
24. As the system is founded on the elements of long<

hand writing, and has the same freedom of movement, the,
circle may assume the form of a
loop where more con
venient.
yp /
dash d S sh Jack j a" k %^
fame f a m >
chat chat ^^
shade shad t^
lap 1 £ p
^~r*s>
teach t e ch lash 1 sh
^ a
^^>
25. Between an
oblique curve —
such as P, B, F, V —
and a
straight line, the circle is placed on the outside.
c^
palm p a m beam b e m
S
beat bet knave n a v
s*
Dave d a v tiff 1 1 f
^
GREGG SHORTHAND. 13
26. The base of the first consonant of a word (with

the exception of S before down strokes) rests on the line
of writing.
map m & p —
-^ match m 2 ch /^
deep d e p -—7^ midge m I j ■—-/*
cave k a v chief ch e f a/
^^
27. General Exercise.
if If J gem j 8 m J^
papa pap:1 sh nap n 2 p
Eva e v a" peal p e 1

* *
able abl <L cheap ch e p

<t
each e ch -/ beak bek X
age a j 7 jig jig ^~-
she sh e
*
balm bam
J^
bane ban chain ch a n
c^
f
fear f e r catch k a ch
s
1
beer b e r bread br8d
S
play pi a
C_^
breach brech
£
14 GREGG SHORTHAND.
cheek ch e k <A shave sh a v
reap rep yf image Imaj
peep pep £ jam j a" m J-
grave g r a v feel fel
evil evil ^ rave r a v
peach p e ch ledge 18j
frail f 1
r a
rage raj
flap flap fit fit
latch lSch
vague vag
brief bref
happy h a pi
nib nib
r* dip dip
<min ch I n
rich r I ch
y
calf kaf
navy n a, v I
3»
apple Spl shame sh a m
badge baj vim vim
shake sh a k
niche n I ch
7°
appeal a p e 1
heavy h8 vl
chap ch a p
fish
f6 fish
GREGG SHORTHAND,
28. Word-Signs and phrases.
X for the j-
put
be, but in which

7
for / in which the
7
have I have 7
change, which I have not 7
I shall ?
shall, ship
I shall not 2
before
about r I shall have
after
from the ./
ever-y J may be
(^
name
would be
the letter
form, from
will not be
been, bound <r ^7
which have
given
J
please ship C-,
please
please ship the

let, letter C-^
please have
Mr., market S-
16 GREGG SHORTHAND.
29. Writing exercise.
The good chaplain will preach if in good form, but he
may-be ill.
Can Eva catch fish in-the lake?
Papa may give him a chain for-the gate.

I-have given him a map.
Jennie will-be here in an hour, if she can go.
Shall our Jack give papa the paper in-which it-will
appear?
I-have-not met the brave chief.
X-
y —
-
f a C_^>
^ ^ ^
^>c ^
THIRD LESSON.
31. The characters for the vowels given in this lesson

are derived from a small elliptical figure, thus:
32. The downward hook represents the short sound of
o, heard in hot, top; a dot beneath the hook indicates the

sound of aw, as in awe, law, while the short dash indicates
the long sound, as in owe, no.
^^
6 " rot rot
aw Y wrought r aw t ^-f-^
o t wrote rot ^-c^
33. The downward hook is placed on its side before

N, M, R, L, except when preceded by a downward char
acter.
on on ^—
coal k o 1 ^
or aw r omit omit
moan m o n home horn
nor n aw r dawn d aw n
17
18 GREGG SHORTHAND.
34. When preceded by a downward character, the

hook retains its usual form.
bore b o r
< pole p 5 1
bone boi foam fom 2—

/
shoal sh 6 1 , borrow b o r o <£

35. The hook represents the short sound of
upward
u, heard in hum, dumb (not the long sound of u heard in
use, which will be given in another lesson); a dot beneath

the hook indicates the sound of oo, in took, foot, while the
short dash indicates the long oo, as in doom, boom.
u "
tuck tuk /*""■
do f took tdbk sr-*
65 f tomb t ob m yj
—
36. To avoid an
angle, the upward hook is dropped on
its side after N or M.
muff f
—
nun nun »—
m u —
mood mood 3^ nook nook —*—*
moon m oo n a__
mug mug ^
37. Theupward hook is dropped on its side also after

K or G, when followed by R or L.
cool k oo 1 -~
gu" n 1
T*— g
curry k u r I —
*_* Gurney g u r n I
GREGG SHORTHAND.
rot _-*--'
cough k aw f
rot
t cope k 6 p
wrought r aw
wrote rot curb kurb
rut cuff kuf

rut
room r oo m gorge gor j
gush g u sh
law 1 aw
tawny t aw n I
low 15
loom toad t5d

loom
tore tor
n aw
gnaw
n aw t tug tug
naught
to t oo
note not
too too
Nome n o in
n aw r dough do
nor
nut dote dot

nut
do k dome d o m
nook n
d door dor
Maud m aw
duck duk
mode mod
20 GREGG SHORTHAND.
do d jaw J aw
oo
doom d oo m Joe j o
haw h aw Jove j o v
hoe ho t*
'
Shaw sh aw
who h oo "? shawl sh aw 1
paw p aw s show sh o
shut shut
pawn p aw n
f-
Poe po shoe sh do
pope pop S shoot sh 6b t
puff p u f hawk h k
jr aw
pool p oo I oak ok
/
beau bo hook h oo k
s
boor boor hog hog
fawn f aw n J-
hug h u g
foe f 6
*
2 orb aw r b
food f oo d l^ hollow h51o
chop ch 8 p
f whole hoi
chuckle ch u k 1 hull hul

GREGG SHORTHAND. 21
on 8 n . —
owed o d t^
own on c-- hood h do d J^
omit omit c ^ opal o p 1 <?_ ^
honey h u n I ^-^,
up up ?
hum hum "*—

hub hub ,/
whom h oo m -i —
"hobby hobl C
ought aw t ^^ obey o b a
£
hut hut ^ huff h u f
J
hoot hoot ^^ hoof hoof S
odd 5 d ^^ oven ii v n ^
awed aw d c^" hush h u sh '?
W AND Y.
39. W is expressed by the sign for do, because it is
equivalent to that sound when followed by a vowel, as
do-a-t —
wait.
we we & wall w aw 1 -z-
weave w e v S woe wo -^
wait w a t wool w do 1
^^ ^ „
22 GREGG SHORTHAND.
40. The combination WH is really sounded hw, as

h-w-e-1 —
wheel, and is therefore expressed by a dot placed

over W.
whit hw It h< whack hw & k ^>—
whig hw I g wheat hw e t ^
wheel hw e 1 whim hw I m A
41. The vowel E is equivalent to Y, as

e-o-r—yore,
and a special sign for Y is therefore unnecessary.
yacht y o t es~ yore y 6 r «--
yawn y aw n <e_ yawl y aw 1 e. -'
42. At the beginning of a word it is more convenient

to express YE by a small loop and YA by a large loop.
Where necessary the dot or dash may be used to denote
the exact vowel sound.
ye ye <?
s
yellow y8 1 6
yea ya ts yam ya m
yet y6 1 tf Yale ya 1
widow w I d o #/" wove w 5 v
wagon w a g n woof f
&r~^- w oo
P
GREGG SHORTHAND.
wash w 5 sh y yelp y8 1 p
wedge w 8 j / year ye r
wage w a j / yell y8 1
wade wad ^^ Yarrow y& r 6
weary w e r I =a^ willow w II o
walk w aw k -z_-^ way w a
wool w do 1 -^ . wave w a v
whiff hw If ^ wake w a k
whale hw a 1 ^^ yoke yok
44. word-Signs and phrases.
of "
body
all c judge
you, your «o
keep
care -~z
friend-ly
call ^-! public
far, favor o> full-y
fall, follow 2 look

24 GREGG SHORTHAND.
of the you will have

yy
of all if you have
of your if you will
of which / if you can
on the if you give
of our to you
on which do you
7
which the to give
on
*?
you have J to keep

-~?
you have not 2 to go
we have J on you
we have not J from you
we are from which

^7
°2
we will you can
you may be ^T^ you can not
you may have """T^ you can have

y
'v—'
you are your letter
you will -».

your favor
you will be ~y—yr have you given

GREGG SHORTHAND. 25
Oh, I pray all the people in-the yacht may reach the
shore.
We-will wash or weave the wool for-the chief.
I appeal to-you: which of-you took the body from-the
wreck ?
Are you able to read the name on-the check ?
We-have your-letter. May we make it public ?
If-you-are-not yet ready to-go, I cannot wait for you.
46. READING EXERCISE
<a —
y
<-
<=f— >
&■ \
. 7 ~ Z^
J- ^
7 < /* J- <£^" ,
FOURTH LESSON.
47. From the small elliptical figure given in the last

lesson we obtain two small curves which are written
downward to express the very common letter S, and up
ward to express TH. These forms can never be confused,
as
they are governed by simple and definite rules.
S TH
< > ^~ ~j
down up
Practice these characters; but in doing so, keep stead
ily in mind that the curves for S are written downward,

while those for TH are struck upward, and at a
greater
inclination.
48. Seeing that the small curves for S occur in writing
one of the forms of that letter in longhand, there should
be no
difficulty in remembering them; thus
49. There is more constraint on the hand in making

u, small curve in an
upward direction than a similar curve
downward. In certain joinings it is difficult to make an
exact upward curve, and it is for this reason that the

26
GREGG SHORTHAND. 27
small upward curve is

assigned to the representation of
TH, which is comparatively infrequent. Should this little
curve assume the appearance of a straight line under the
stress of rapid note-taking, the context will readily decide

whether T or TH was intended, as "I taught (thought)
so," or "Did you trow (throw) a stone?"
Rules for Joining S and TH.
50. When S is joined to a curve, write the sign in

the same direction as the curve in order to secure a uni
form movement. Do not change the form when a circle
intervenes.
spray s p r a face fas ,?>
sap sap <* skate skat
sabre s a b r <f sick slk *
reps ethics e th I k s <r*~}

reaps
r
p a k a s
pass s
g case ^
bees b e s
r guess g8s ^>
f slay s 1 a
sphere s e r
safe saf ■■? sale s a 1 P-^
puffs p u f s
{ race r a s ^-e.
28 GREGG SHORTHAND.
51. When S is joined to a

straight line form a
sharp
Do not change the form when a circle intervenes.
angle.
stay s t a >"f snow s n o J-^
set s 6 1 ^ seen sen ^—
nets n8ts _^r smack s m a k j. ^j-,
teas t e s ^f, same s a m .=» —
said s 8 d *y^ leans lens v.

**-?■
odds ods c^* knees n e s
days das ^-^^ hymns h I m s J.
52. It will be noticed that S is written in accordance

with the movement of the hands of a clock before K, G,
N. M, F, V, Sh, Ch, J ; but it is written with the reverse
movement before or after P, B, E, L, and after X, M, T, D.
53. When joining TH to 0, E, L, form a

sharp angle.
though th 5 -^ earth 8 r th ?—^
throw thro ~^-~? health h e 1 th «—^"
thought th aw t —
f' mirth m 8 r th
throne th r 6 n -^-^*— threat th r 8 t

GREGG SHORTHAND. 29
54. In words consisting of S or TH, or both, and a
vowel, write the sign in accordance with the hands of a
clock movement.
they th a sees s e s .y
<~?
say sa
essay 8 s a
s
Seth s8th heath heth cr~
see s e
a> hath h a th <r
55. The hooks may be regaided as minute curves, and

rules for joining S or TH to curves will therefore apply to
them. It is found more convenient, however, in words
beginning with so to write S in accordance with hands of
clock movement, and to form the combination us in many

words without an angle, as shown in the following ex
amples :
so so us u s
soul sol bus b ii s

s
sop s 5 p / gust gust
56. In practical writing Z is represented by the sign

for S; but an oblique dash marks the distinction in iso
lated words.
gas gas -
—
face fas j^r
^
gaze g a z - —
a phase f a z -s^
30 GREGG SHORTHAND.
57. The TH heard in breath may be distinguished from

the sound heard in breathe, if necessary, in a similar
manner.
breath b r 8 th
(£, bath bSth
breathe b r e tb ^ bathe b a tb
lath lath . o/ loath loth
lathe latfa loathe 1 otfa
NG AND NK.
58. The sound of NG, heard in

long, is expressed by
slightly lowering the N; and NK (which is sounded
ngk, as rang-k rank) by a longer sign.
—
ring r I ng -_«-. king k I ng "sh
rink r I ngk kink k I ngk
sing sing wing w I ng
sink s I ngk wink w I ngk
59. GENERAL EXERCISE.
as a z o
v save s a v
us us sweet s w e t >"
see s e thick th I k
seem s e m ethic 8 th I k
GREGG SHORTHAND.
solemn s 8 1 8 m link 1 1 ngk
scratch s k r a ch throat th r o t
scream skrem fasten f a s n
scrip b k r I p through th r do
^r
score s k 5 r berth b 8 r th
seek s e k both both
sleepy s 1 e p I booth b oo th
sell s 8 1 myth m I th
serene s 8 r e n gang g a ng
steel s t e 1 length 1 8 ng th
stray s t r a erase eras

j
strap strap terrace t 8 r a s

V
city sltl ^ shoes sh do z
said s8d shows sh

^ o z
snake s n a k fancy f a n s I
/
smash s m a sh efface 8 f a, s
smith s m I th zero zero
s r a thus th u s
spray p &>
32 GREGG SHORTHAND.
60. Word Signs and Phrases.

/
is the y
is, his
-
JL
their, there is not
-~
is there JS
any
business r there is -<
this o this is
^
those T this is the

'?-
them ■
this is not
•2
some - in this -O
ask — in those sr
that s<? in these -s?
was I was e
cause, beeause in that
course for that
next for this
state there will be

(
speak, speech r is that ><?
such ,
in such
7
GREGG SHORTHAND. 33
Please ask him if he said those people have had
good business all

through this season?
She essays to sing a song, but fails.
The nerves are made to feel, the lungs to breathe, the
nose to smell, the tongue to taste, the ears to hear.
All are made to suit a

plan, to act.
It-is well to know these : this, these, those, thus.

She cannot wholly efface all trace of-the acid from
the brass.
Do-not throw your waste paper on-the floor, but put
it in-the basket.
62. READING EXERCISE.
<s
FIFTH LESSON.
DIPHTHONGS.
63. A diphthong is the union in one

syllable of two
simple vowels uttered in rapid succession. The diph

are therefore
thongs expressed by joining the circles and
hooks for the vowels of which they are composed.
64. The simple vowels e and 60 uttered in rapid sue*

cession yield the diphthong u as heard in use, few, and
the sign for this diphthong is obtained by joining the
signs for these two sounds.

u <r> feud f u d
hue hu <r> mute m u t
fume f u m -<L_ unique unek
65 By rapidly coalescing and in

a
pronunciation the
00
diphthong ow, heard in now, out, is obtained, and it is there-

\JI.L\J kJAtllAO 1.<~>x uiicisc 1iWKJ BUI
j "■""•"&
ow ef
mouse m ow s -*9
how h ow <T now n ow

Tf
cow k ow TT bough bow X

34
GREGG SHORTHAND. 35
66. By rapidly coalescing aw and e in pronunciation

the sound of oi is obtained, hence this diphthong is
expressed by joining the signs for these two sounds.
oi cp
joy j oi o>
oil oi 1 *-«— -
annoy a n oi ,-p^p
toil t oi 1 ^-c—
-
Hoyle h oi 1 î -
67. In forming the diphthong, the circle should be

written outside the hook, as in the following examples:
<"-7P
youth u th <f~ cue ku
thou <**'
ounce ow n s <F~r th ow
toy t oi s* Roy r oi
68. Thediphthong i requires special attention. The

sign for it is simply a large circle with a line traced
through it, and resembles a combination of the large and
small circles, representing a' and e, which, if coalesced in
pronunciation, yield a sound almost equivalent to I. The

slightest variation of the circle is sufficient to denote the
diphthong, as will be seen by comparing the following
outlines:
fan fan U rap rap Y*

fine fin ^ ripe rip r
36 GREGG SHORTHAND.
69. The governing the joining of the circles

rules
apply to the diphthong I. In the words tile, Nile, for

instance, the sign is placed outside the angle as is done in
tale, nail. Study and practice the following outlines very
carefully :
1 <D mine m l n cs>—
fit ^
try trl ^p fight
sky ski >-z> Nile nil

-*-
my m I rhyme r I m ^& —
-~
VOWEL COMBINATIONS.
70. The facile representation of two or more vowels

which joined but do not form a pure diphthong, is not
are
the least important of the many advantages gained by a
simple but powerful connective-vowel scale. It is gener

ally sufficient to join such vowels together in natural
order as they occur, but in unusual words or names it is
sometimes desirable to indicate the exact shades of sound
by the use of the distinguishing marks.
Leo c—^
1 e o
^^& olio olio
Owen 5 8 n
f— cameo k a m e o ^-^
— e-
Noah n o a _J? snowy s n o I x^

GREGG SHORTHAND. 37
71. The combinations la, le, io, are

expressed by join
ing the large and small circles.
via via X lion 1 I 5 n . &~
fiat fiat Messiah m 8 s i a

g»
dial dia 1 ^JZ_^ iota iota ^^
72. Where necessary, the sound of la, as heard in

mania, is expressed by a dot placed inside the large circle,
and ea, as heard in create, by a dash in the same
place.
mania mania Olympia o 11 m p I a

<—
—
a -^-,
sl-^"
Amelia amelia c G> Arabia a r a b I a

<=)
X
area area QjP ammonia a m o n l
view v u of soil s oi 1 A^
mew m u -^ choice ch oi s
i
gout. g ow t -V high hi 6
ounce ow n s cn-r
chime ch l m O^-
boy b oi <T size s i z

9>
troy t r oi /~* type tip ~?

38 GREGG SHORTHAND.
ripe rip noise n oi s -tf

T
d I ^"'
tile til j^- doughy o
guide gid ^ humid humid « S
scout s k ow t ^zr' Samoa s a m o a ^>-cP
kite kit ^7ST maniac manlak —

<=nS-\
vice vis
J Alloa a 1 o a <2_-t/?
price p r I s genial jenial

<*> XtEL^'
thy thi sa> signs sins o*-r
apply a p i i <2z> science s I 8 n s a^-r
sigh S 1 <5> pliers pli8rs . <l<a<
bias bias
X Romeo r o m e o ^—e— e.
iota iota <T^ Syme s I m &*■ —
guy gi <-~Z2> Siam s i a m ^ —
mouth m ow th -r^ Ionia Ionia <y-^>
coy k oi ^J> Lydia 1 1 d I a ^_^^

riot riot _^ labial labial
'-y^?
align a 1 1 n d I a ^&~*
<2_jzz- diary r I
alliance a 1 1 a n s
<2__j&? create kreat ^j&^
GREGG SHORTHAND.
use
how, out
why
while
new
right, write y-SP
allow
like
light
side
decide
reply
y
represent
kind
wire
client
yes <7
40 GREGG SHORTHAND.
75. writing Exercise.
All toil on-the soil is-not

joy.
That lad will fly a kite high in-the sky.
The youth said those nice links ought-to join in-this
way.
The scout will try to form an alliance.
We- will- write you if we-can-go to Troy to join in-the
fight.
There-was a straw in-the mouth of-the mouse we
caught in-the trap.

SIXTH LESSON.
Blended Consonants.
77. When two straight lines form an obtuse or blunt

angle, the natural "
tendency of the hand is to slur the "
angle and allow the lines to form a curve, thus
To avoid this, an unnatural restraint has to be exercised

on the hand, causing very decided pause and conse
a
quently a decrease in speed of execution. Hitherto the

obtuse angle has been deplored as a necessary evil," so
"
to speak, but in this system the characters have been so
arranged that a number of the most frequent combina

tions form an obtuse angle, and such angle not being
observed, the lines coalesce naturally in the form of a
large curve. As the curves can represent nothing but
the combination, there is no confusion, and thus, for the
first time in the history of shorthand, the obtuse angle
—
that great obstacle to swift and legible shorthand writ
ing —
has been almost entirely abolished in an

original
and distinctly scientific manner that gives to curves their
and develops consonantal blending
rightful preponderance
41
42 GREGG SHORTHAND.
so fully that onestroke of the pen frequently represents

three or four letters.
78. Master the following blended consonants, taking

care to pronounce them as syllables and writing them
upward from the line of writing.
TeN, DeN TeM, DeM eNT, eND eMT, eMD
79. The blends ten, den, tern, dcm are pronounced as
syllables, and minor vowels

occurring between the con
sonants are omitted. Although the blends ent, end, emt,
emd are pronounced as syllables, just as ch is pronounced
chay, the vowel preceding the combination is seldom

omitted.
EXAMPLES.
tenor denote temper demolish
rent band deemed prompt
<^y
tenets attendance £^"~'/^ temple
tenant tinsel /^-^ demur

GREGG SHORTHAND.
tenancy r—* tendency "~~~^ demure
tennis y^ timid ^ demitone
dense ^ temperate s^Z^ attempt
deny x-"^ optimism ^-~ wisdom
CONdense* ^ epidemic O^ atom
CONdemn w^ freedom <L^ talent
continent w^ kingdom ""plenty
patent anatomy trained

y^
sweeten phantom moaned
2^-~
chieftain victim J^ dawned

£
madden autumn
<^ fastened
bond sudden
mutiny ^~ ^
stencil ^^ land ^^ lamed
Yankton ^y- print C^ doomed
threaten 1^- brand & dreamed
mutton __^- lined ^^ steamed
estimate r^* sibilant

<^X academic
" "
*The prefix CON is denoted by K.
44 GREGG SHORTHAND.
81. In joining d to / or v and j to ent, the angle is

obscured in rapid writing, and the combination may be
written with one inflection of the pen.
DeP-V, Tive JeNT-D PeNT-D

,
<? (y
EXAMPLES.
defeat devote native gentle
C^ a- ^? cs—
legend opened spent happened
-€/ £y ^ &>
82. It will be found that tive generally occurs at the
end of words, as in native, active, and cannot be confused
with Def, Dev.
defy devout restive -^y?
edify divine motive
edifice divest attentive <S
deface divide genteel O*

"
—
defame /^2 — diffidence <P"? cogent

2>
GREGG SHORTHAND.
45
defect y?~y active ^r-^7 Gentile C?L'

deficit
^ festive
^<y regent
defense f^, negative .^-nf? tangent

devise
^p depend ^^y contingent _^>
divorce ripened
^^ *>
pageant /■
84. The syllables men, mem, are

represented by
lengthening m. that is
by joining m and n ; ted, ded, det,
by long
a strjke upwards, equal to t and d joined; ses
by
joining the two signs for s.
MeN, MeM TeD, DeD, DeT SeS
^^ r i
EXAMPLES.
men memory seated did basis
85. The combination Bet is only used at the begin

ning of
words, as in detail, detest, and is thus distinguished
from Ded, Ted, which occur at the end of words. The
stroke for Ted, Bed, is used only in very short words,
being usually indicated by a

disjoined dash as
explained
in paragraph 87.
46 GREGG SHORTHAND.
many nominate
denomi
menace
nation*
mention* 7
maintain
minute . s woman
ministry ^ women
month r- omen masses
manage ominous e_
faces
member remain cases
memorize -=-*=> Roman races
amen Norman _, teases
acumen romance ,_
,. possess
immense famine ^J lenses
eminence o—
- - —
o—-r
r demon ^ fences
emanate human sustain

eS> ^
emanation* heated
s ^^ cessation*
effeminate ? -" waited ^^^ resistance

CJ
'
*' "
Tion is represented by
"
SH."
GREGG SHORTHAND. 47
87. long words ted, ded, and sometimes ed, may be

In
expressed by placing t beneath or close to the preceding

character, but this sign may be omitted in most instances.
"
For example, eff ec

"
would be sufficient to suggest
"
"
effected in the sentence, An entrance was effected by
"
force."
demanded divided mended detected
attempted guided talented printed
and, hand, end -^ definite <2
time ^~ between
differ-^ s? want
difficult yy work
gentlemen ex agent /
says, system agency
j
society duty
/
entire -J>
temperance yy
48 GREGG SHORTHAND.
-^ at hand
in time
the time ^ fie says r
and the —
■/~ all my time
y"
and there — is the time
and there is — ~s~* for the time
—"
and will ^S at which time
and will be —
'
~X at that time
and am S and have

^
and I am 9- —'
and our
89. Advantage may be taken of the blending principle

in phrase writing, thus: t-mc for to me.
to do to make
to-day to my
to draw to know
to me at any time
to meet what to do
to mean in due time
to miss in due course

GREGG SHORTHAND. 49
90. WRITING EXERCISE.
Many men and women rise to eminence through a defi

nite motive.
The-time is well spent that is devoted to work, said a
wise man.
There-was an immense attendance at-the Tammany

parade.
The basis of-our system of society is-the freedom of
each member.
set definite time this-month for-the
If-you-will a
which will-be of
society to-meet we-may devise plans
great help to all of us in-this work.
The new tenant will-not pay his rent to-day.
The timid boy attempted to deny that he was there
at-that-time.
The agent was doomed to defeat.
The active boy was restive, but very genteel.
the on-that
I defy you to attempt to' divide people
point.
We steamed to -the doomed city and reached it before
day dawned.
The to demolish the edifice was detected.
attempt
It-is difficult to define the difference between the agents.
We want to -know why the train did-not go the entire
distance.
50 GREGG SHORTHAND.
91. Reading Exercise.
-*_ c?.
*-y?
f
9
o
-z, -y? J-
?r
y s> ,
"
*? -
<? >
6 y at-
^=> s
<~y?
*? C^ y
a -7-
ô -
yi
<L
—
- J- 7.
<? . y> r f /
/-*»
7 -Y
y?
/
SEVENTH LESSON.
word-Signs.
92. We give the complete list of word-signs,

now
arranged in alphabetical order. As most of these words

are of very frequent occurrence, the forms should be care
fully committed to memory and diligently practiced.

Many of the words in this list are written in accordance
with rules given at a later stage.
a, an •
agent
r
about agency
/
above f all
•
accept-ance allow
accord <^ always
accordance <*~^T am, more
acknowledge 0^ and, hand, end
acquaint-ance <T2> any
advantage 7 are, our {recol

lect in testi
after 9 mony)
51
52 GREGG SHORTHAND.
Q-a*
arrange-ment change, which
>l~~'
ask character
-^
at, it charge
be, but {by in s claim

phrases)
been, bound s clear-ly
become, book £ clerk
believe c client
between ^ could
beyond 7: course
body collect
bring corporation
business
r correspondence
call ^ credit
can — deal, dear
car, correct . — decide
care
^z>
deliver
carry desire
^zS
cause, because different-ce

GREGG SHORTHAND.
difficult <2, full-y

—>
direct y~ gentlemen
discount give-n
draft glad
during, Dr. go, good
duty God
effect y, gone
else, list got
enclose government
entire ~P great
ever-y have
fall, follow he
far, favor y how, out
firm I, eye
first 7 immediately
for important-ce
form, from improve-ment
friend-ly in, not

54 GREGG SHORTHAND.
influence move
7
instant-ce much
insurance must
invoice name
7
is, his never
judge new
keep newspaper
kind next
let, letter object
light oblige
like occasion
little of
look one
mail opportunity
market, Mr. other
Messrs. particular
mile please
most popular
GREGG SHORTHAND.
pnncip-fg C represent
public respect-fully
Publi-ScMioii right, write
pupil return
purpose satisfactory
put r satisfaction
quality says, system
question send
—?
railroad shall, ship
railway should
real, regard. side
receive sir
*—z
recent society
record some
refer-ence soon
^
regret speak, speech
remit-tance spirit
reply stand
r
561 GREGG SHORTHAND.
state j^
those
still (see tell, j^ three

till)
stock >-«>
throughout
JJZ> time
style
strong, stren gth >~ told
such / tomorrow
suredy A trust
tell, till ^ truth
temperance ^ turn (see term)
term s—
typewriter
until (see tell,
than, then r~
till)
that ^=> use
the (they i n
<- usual-ly, wish
phrases)
their, there — value
them -— very
this s-? want
thing, think sr
was
thank /^-. week

GREGG SHORTHAND.
wealth (see ivell) ^^ without
well, will would
were wonder
what word
when world
where a. work
while yes y
why dP yesterday
wire you, your

d2—
with young
Will the first book represent the purpose of your gov

ernment ? For one thing we can not credit the rumor that
Mr. King will go into the insurance business if he leaves
the railway work.
I regret that you did not enclose this particular letter
in your recent reply about the quality of the car of coal.
It is difficult to collect any money from Messrs. Ander
son and Day at this time.
He was then told to ask what had become of the book.

58 GREGG SHORTHAND.
Please return the policy, and if it is not in correct form

we will allow you to pay the premium when we receive it.
I wish to have a different clerk deliver the letter to the
editor and the other newspaper men who may hear the
speech on that occasion.

It is of
great importance that they should know that
this gentleman does not represent the full strength of our
society.
Why do you question the value of an
acquaintance
with the new
system in use on the railroad ?
Our agent is above such mean business.
Can you go home with him?
Was he in his usual good spirits?
Would any of you care to call tomorrow and acquaint
him with the state of the market ?
You will that such
acknowledge an
arrangement could
be of little use to my client, because he has a claim for
more than is given in your letter of the 4th inst.
Were you about to speak ?
I must say I fully believe that in this instance
you are
right, but how they can put their trust in him is beyond
me.
I wonder would he move out if you send him word ?

Did you ever see the body ?
After all, I think the judge will have to
an
opportunity
look out for some
agency while he is there.
good
What would you think the
right course to take to im
prove the newspaper ?
GREGG SHORTHAND. 59
/ o c - -^ -
c/* svr V C2-^
_/s> <^
<L
/ <C >
°p
-7
o ' £,>
o
r o
>-r
^° £ > A
-r
X 0> * S S
y
J --
-i **>"
—^ / /
J>
-7- ^-f CT~?

^ V?.
EIGHTH LESSON.
Compound Words.
95. A number of compounds may be obtained by join

ing two simple word-signs. An example of this was
given
in the second lesson, in the word "before," and the follow
ing words are formed on the same principle :
anybody ~r whatever
anyone -<"—
indifferent-ce -J?
before meantime
beforehand meanwhile
nevertheless
elsewhere
(nevtr-l)
everybody nobody
X notwithstanding
everyone <*^
(notwiths)
—
forthwith ^ republic
hereafter
<y somebody
however
T
somehow
J__a>
thereupon whenever
z
60
GREGG SHORTHAND. 61
whereas thereto
wherever wherefore
someone
whereupon
sometime therefrom
somewhat whereon
somewhere wheresoever
thereafter therewith
f
therein whatsoever
therefore whensoever
s>
7
thereon whomsoever
^7
96. The past tense of
word-signs may be denoted by
the short dash struck upward ; and the terminations er,
or after
word-signs by a disjoined r.
wanted director / ^-
c_^-
speaker / insured
"7
represented insurer
7\
^
collector enclosed
caused giver
caller thinker
62 GREGG SHORTHAND.
PHRASE-WRITING.
97. practice of joining small

You should cultivate the
words, for without it great proficiency can never be at

tained. All the common phrases consisting of two or
three words should be written with the same facility as
an ordinary word form, but nothing is gained by straining
after special forms for uncommon phrases, or where the

outline requires more than five efforts of the pen. In ,
phrase-writing, experience must ever be the supreme

teacher, but the following hints will be useful :
(a) At the outset join only short and common words.
(b) The words should make good sense if standing

alone, as / am
glad.
(c) The outlines for the words should be capable of
being easily joined.
(d) Avoid phrases which carry the hand away from
the line of writing; in other words, aim at onward move
ment.
(e) Pronouns are generally joined to the words they

precede, as I am, I shall, you can, we have.
(/) A qualifying word may be joined to the word it
qualifies, as good men.
(g) The prepositions to, of, in, and the conjunction
and are generally joined to the words
they precede, as to
have, of which, in case, and there.
In
practicing the phrases given in this manual, keep
steadily in mind that they are given as examples and that
GREGG SHORTHAND. 63
you are to form your own phrases similar lines in your

on
general practice. Study them with a view to noting not
only the nature of the joinings, but the nature of the

words
joined.
it is of all ^*- I am
is it ^ is not ■*— I can <=>

—
<
of the </- I ask 9-. I was

^>
to the to ask I have ^/

to this ss? you ask -2-, you have /
in the we ask I would ^f^
on the we are 3^
he would a^
of his from the J__s I will «2

y
of their from you he will

j <z
of your oo which the X you can -*—-»
yes, sir <A which is y I told &-
no, sir which can X~> I trust <?~r
is the that the ^ of which y
in our there is _-r on your ^^
of our there are _^— in which

GREGG SHORTHAND.
which in such in this

on
y 7
by the 77 this thing s?r in these
by which
r there were _- in those
and have there will

•
in thus
^
it was sY may be I send
-r
ought to
■
to you s^> will be
for it shall be first time

X
for the X would be when that
for this
y upon which 9 the want
r~
with the ^ more than —
and am
with this ^y to keep -7 and I am
■^-£2 at hand
in reply all right
-y
your letter
'
all my — please say
I enclose '
all ^ state
day please
we enclose in question to credit

-^7
I believe 5 in regard .
—. you told me
why have y with regard —

- about this
I think eS^ I regret n

good deal
GREGG SHORTHAND. 65
99. In many phrases the word to may be represented by t:

to be to favor to receive -"-*■
pf -j
*~—°
to have -7 to please ^ .
to regret ^
to pay to become -< to reach

^C --^
to see -^ to believe -^ to let -

-*=>
to say >"£> to reply to look -^—- -"

^y
to to like &
to ship ^ represent *--r-
to which to refer to honor ^<~,—

^ ^
100. When the word as is repeated in a clause it can
be. abbreviated to s:
as well as <J < as much as j—-,
as
as good as ^
3
as many j>
—
^>
as great as >—
x< as long as «>
^
101. When the word been is preceded by /ias or have,

the %
may be omitted:
have been / has been
I have been / it has been
you have been / which has been 7

what has been
they have been <^> <^f
we have been 7 there has been
-f
66 GREGG SHORTHAND.
Omission of Words.
102. The phrase of the may be omitted, being implied

in writing the words it connects close together.
your letter of the ^_^> ^ time of the d /^

J
4th inst.
°f the
credit of the firm _^2_ ^^^ >^
business of the y
state of the case
^
> ~r *^^
newspaper
arrangement of the o^^y end of the week _^£->

book
103. Omit from and to in such phrases as from time to

time.
from month to
from time to time
month
from day to day ^^ from year to year -a_a_^
from season to
from week to week er^'
c^*
season ■*£_
104. Omit after in such phrases as day after day, but

do not join the words.
time after time //^~ week after week
day after day yy^ month after month
hour after hour ^- ^ year after year

GREGG SHORTHAND. 67
105. Omit to after the words able, respect, regard, refer

ence, glad.
able to say C~y in reference to the

~Z
in respect to the in reference to the
_^^
matter
in regard to the to
_
< glad see
matter
106. Any unimportant word may be omitted where the

grammatical construction of the clause or sentence would
compel its restoration when transcribing.
in the world in such a way

/
here and there week or two -y
more and more son-in-law
some of them today or tomorrow
some of those one or two
ought to know one of the best
to have
7
in the way ought
hand in hand ought to be
that is to say more or less

3
at a loss one of the most
for the first time one of our
X-
€8 GREGG SHORTHAND.
on the question ~7 out of the question <^v"7
day or two glad to see
I would like to
in reply to your
-y know
ought to receive will you please say

^
107. The do not
requires special treatment.
phrase
This is a very common phrase, and 1 do not is said to be
the most common three-word phrase in the language.
When do not is preceded by a pronoun, it is represented
by the sign for dn.

<f
I do not they do not think
you do not -^ I do not know 6^-
do not ^
they you do not know
we do not &^~ we do not know
I do not see d^ I do not care
you do not see ^ you do not care
we do not see <r^ we do not care
they do not see ^ I do not like
I do not think <^ you do not like
you do not think -^ they do not like
you do not regard ^— we do not regard

GREGG SHORTHAND. 69
108. Don't may be distinguished from do not writ

by
ing don.
I don't see <y~^ I don't believe ^(To

I don't think cf^"'7 they don't like
you don't know ss^~~r' we don't care
you don't say ^*^> they don't know
Special business phrases.
109. In order that you may be able to write simple

business letters, vve now present some brief forms for the
complimentary beginnings and endings of letters.
Dear sir Very respectfully I

Dear sirs I am in receipt
Yours truly We are in receipt

I am in receipt of
Yours very truly ^
your favor
We are in receipt
Very truly yours of your favor °^P
I am in receipt of
Yours respectfully ^^_^
<=D ""
your letter
70 GREGG SHORTHAND.
Gentlemen: —
Why do we not hear from you in re
to your bill ? If the goods were not all right, we

gard
would like to make them so, and if they were, you should
settle for them without delay. Please write us about this

matter. Yours truly,
My dear Sir: I am in receipt of your letter of the

—
10th inst.,and have today written to the Eagle Insurance

Co. about your insurance. When I receive a reply from
them, which will be in a day or two, I shall write you

again. Yours very truly,
Dear Sir: —
Your favor of the 6th inst. received, and

in would say that I do not know much about the
reply
business in question. Anybody can get the particulars
about it from the head of the firm, and I would therefore
refer you to him. Very truly yours,
I do not like to mention a

particular name, but I
know that there are
many people here and there who say
there has been more or less difference on the question.
It was said that one of the most important men in this
city is hand in hand with the trust in this matter.

Thereupon someone said that nobody had any right
to make such a statement beforehand and therefore it was
of no value whatever. Somehow it was thought that

notwithstanding this the business would forthwith be
taken up, but nevertheless new difficulties arose.
GREGG SHORTHAND. 71
A
-^ t
? ^
y>
5> O c^1 7 — <7^r /

^
^ ^ 2- ^ ^ > - <^
^/ _
^
^^
^ At? *
^
tfT-> /»
y; ^
?y
^
S* c ^ =
*?
NINTH LESSON.
THE ABBREVIATING PRINCIPLE.
112. Drop the terminations of long words, i. e., write
only what may be necessary to suggest the word when

transcribing. This natural method of abbreviation is used
to a
great extent in longhand, as "Eev" for "reverend,"
"
"exam" for "examination,"
"
ans for "answer," "anon"
for "
anonymous," etc., and is therefore very readily ap
plied in shorthand. By this simple principle which is one—
of the results of the insertion of the vowels —
a marvelous
brevity of outline is obtained without detracting from the

legibility of the writing. The application of it depends,
of course, upon the individual upon his familiarity with
—
the words and subject matter. Every writer can readily

apply the principle to long words, and adapt it to the
special requirements of the line of work in which he may
be engaged, whether it be commercial, literary, legal,
medical, or scientific. It relieves the student from the
necessity of memorizing hundreds of rules with their ex

"
asperating exceptions," and long lists of arbitrary con
" "
tractions —
consonantal skeletons of words —
which he
may never have occasion to use in his

particular line of
work, and
"
Lists of Distinguished Words," having the
72
GREGG SHORTHAND. 73
same consonants but different vowels. As the student

advances in the he will find many of the forms
study
given in the manual are shortened under this principle,
and it is well to bear in mind that words so abbreviated are
supposed to occur in sentences. For instance, in writing

the sentence received with great enthus(iasm)," it
"
He was
would be sufficient to write enthus for enthusiasm; and

the same form might be used for enthusiastic in "He met
with most -*
a
enthus(iastic) reception."
Rules for expressing r.
113. The circle or

loop is written with a reverse move
ment to express E :
(a) At the beginning or end of straight lines, or be

tween two straight lines in the same direction.
heart arm heard harsh
C>^ a ^ P
hat aim head hash
<*- <=r— y 4
yard mere dare share
^ 6
Yates me day shay

^ </
74 GREGG SHORTHAND.
tire manner tardy Tartar
tie many tidy tatter
(b) Between a horizontal and an upward character.
mart cart girt billiard
mat cat get blade
(c) Between a downward character and T, D, N, M.
barn part chart farm
y7 £. y j—
bane pate chat fame
X y
Note.— As there is a tendency to curve the straight lines in rapid writing,

the distinctive method of joining the circle, illustrated in the words part and
chart, is adopted to prevent any possibility of misreading.
114. By changing the form of the reversed circle to a
loop at the end of a straight line the letter S is added.
dares manners stars tires
y* _-~ y y
GREGG SHORTHAND. 75
115. Before straight lines the letter S, when followed
by a vowel, may be written contrary to the usual method

of joining to express E.
sermon assert serge sardine
£
e- / 6^-
seem asset siege sateen
y
-*— ^
/
Omission of Consonants.
116. The letter E may safely be omitted in many words.

certain serve surface affirm
J 3-
surprise large starch march
117. At the beginning of words war, wor may be rep-

resented by waw and wu
respectively.
war warn ward worth
■Zr-
118. Omit D when it immediately precedes M, V, or J.

admit advocate adverb adjoin
Z I
76 GREGG SHORTHAND.
119. In the under the pre

following words, coming
ceding rule, the initial vowel may also be omitted.
advise advance avoid admire
*> J, J _-
120. This enables us to form many useful phrases.

to advise I advise to advance to avoid
S ^ J /
we will advise we advise I admire we admire
121. When slightly enunciated, T or D may be omitted

at the end of a word.
fact best defect mind
y f <* —
122. When necessary, the termination Id may be ex
pressed by raising the end of I.

old field killed reeled

art o- hurt o> Armenia a
^
hearty <y hard o>"' ardor cy^"'
army a. —
D harness A r earn 0
GREGG SHORTHAND. 77
yearn ^
dirt garden ,
—
-gy
Yarmouth =*- —
>- batter guarantee . —
^X1
hereto o^-> barter X gird --

—
&^
harmony o © tender courtesy --e^
armory o —
t_o mermaid merit _^
Armada <=>—& murmur pert
arch / murder depart y
hermit a ^ dart pardon y
urge / Nairn bird
near __» martyr burden
mar — -° marten spared y-

dear lard shepherd
jeer / alert shirt
anger
<=>-*
Hilliard charter
longer ^
poniard ^y churn A
attire <^ card ^y journey A
miner carter ^s sojourn I
meter cartridge germ
^r
78 GREGG SHORTHAND.
Germany f- "
sort
2/
adjust /
charm 7 sergeant adjourn
fern *-
margin latest
~3?
farmers o—*^ learn bold
vernacular /t3~> circle fold
jars clergy past y

~y
ledgers warm last
soldiers warmth demand

£~-y
hammers i_, <^>
worthy hardest y
service warlike optimist
surplus cfl-7 worse child y

f
ascertain 9-"- administer -e-° chemist
The harness of the artillery horses was

very hard.
There is certain to be a lack of harmony between
the teacher and the tardy pupil.
The notes on the chart show that most of the armor
of the Armada was made of wood.

GREGG SHORTHAND. n
The director sat in the old armchair near the door,

and saw the
boy shoot the dart at the bird on the barn.
Carter girded his horse, leaped with a light heart into
the saddle, and sped like a dart until he neared the
water's edge; then his horse parted the foam of the angry
stream and carried him in safety to his journey's end.
My worthy friend, I warn you it is not worth your

while to begin war. If my words show warmth, it is be
cause of the warm regard I have for my ward.
I feel certain I can

you when you survey the-
serve
surface of the road to ascertain if the service rendered by

the former surveyor was satisfactory.
Mr. Harmon will advise you if thore is any change in
the price of the best starch.

The bane of art is the want of hard, earnest work.
One day I tried to draw a bird in the old vineyard ; but I
was so put out at my failure that I beat my head against
one of the beams in the barn.
The war with
Spain is at last a
thing of the past.
The advance guard of the army made a boldattempt
to reach the garden.
If you wish to advance in the best manner possible,
you must learn each lesson well before attempting the

next.
80 gregg shorthand.
<-
7 <^ <-
y —
> -^ - —
-2~ * 7 —f
<-.
-S?
y
s& ~s^* 6 O
^ ^^ ^
~^ ,
7 ^ ^
y
'
" ^ ^
■*-/>
{
s^> — - -—-
^ -
-y {
-
y<fy —
/ ^—^
^ -^ y
y <y ~
/>
p
,<? / v-f* ^ y <^* ^ x

x
TENTH LESSON.
Omission of vowels.
126. When two vowels not forming pure diphthong

a
come together, the minor or unaccented vowel may be

omitted.
deity ratio royal radius
127. For convenience in writing many words, the pre

ceding rule may be extended to the diphthong u by
omitting the circle.
new due tune music
128. In the body of a word short u and ow are
omitted before N, M, Ng and Nk.

come run round found
Js
gun rung sunk pungent
£
81
82 GREGG SHORTHAND.
129. While the omission of vowels in general is left

to a
large extent to the judgment of the writer, the
very
following suggestions will be of assistance :
(a) The vowel may be omitted in dis and mis; also
in be, de and re when a better outline is obtained by doing
so.
disease disarrange discipline misapply
^f
misguide beneath begun decision
6 yy y
debar review recede replace
^y
2
(b) A vowel may often be omitted between two
reverse curves.
maker struck skill attract
(c) A vowel may often be omitted between B and

P,
a horizontal or
upward character.
pity pithy apathy bad

^ y <y
rapid carpet petition open
2
GREGG SHORTHAND, 83
(d) A hook vowel may sometimes be omitted between
T, D, E, L and P, B.
stop drop adopt Dublin
jf ^r y
arduous c^7 drown disclaim
genius sound y design â-
theory surround discern
adduce y foundry misguide
museum ground misplace

-y>
fun legion behalf
punish disarm belong
chum dispel bemoan y.

lunch discourse benign
trunk dishearten benumb
column distance begrudge
front discard beseech
brown discharge betray 7*

84 GREGG SHORTHAND.
splore ^d^^ revise facile <^y

deceit ^^~ resign massacre —
^_
desert ^£-~ recite sugar -<—%_.
debate ^ff occur equal <r-^_^
depart ^-&- currency secure *>^^
depone ^L figure actual cry^—
debase pickle mutual

^/f _—
^-
—.
depot ^£ repetition president <^-~
refund epithet error «——
y
refute homeopathy author «*"—
reverse happen y again ,sr-»_
General Rules.
131. There are a few words in which the marks for
distinguishing the aspirate and shades of vowel sound

should always be used.
ah! <? who ^ ye #
awe f hue, hew s yea ^
owe, oh! <? hay O woe -v
hoe f high O woo »,

GREGG SHORTHAND. 85
132. When H or
preceded by A and
W is followed by
a vowel, A may be expressed by a dot placed on the line
close to the next character.
ahead away awhile award
■
<e—•-
■J
133. In the body of a word it is sometimes more con
venient to express W by a horizontal dash under the
vowel, but this clash may often be discarded in practical

writing.
twig twin squeak equity
134. The affix thing is expressed by placing

ing or a
dot beneath, or close to, the preceding letter; and ings is
expressed by the sign for S in the same position.

being speaking writing writings
/ 7 ^cz>
r
something giving things willing
135. The affix ly is expressed by a small circle, and

ily, ally by a loop.
only early readily totally
86 GREGG SHORTHAND.
FIGURES, ETC.
136. Dollars is
expressed by d; hundred by n placed
under the numeral; thousand by th ; million by m placed
on the line close to numeral ;
pounds (weight or money)
by^?.
$5 500 $500 5,000
jr y
$5,000 500,000 5,000,000 $5,000,000
5 lbs. (or £5) 500 lbs. (or £500) £5,000 £500,000
^ 7 *F
aha! quorum —
e_^
—
queer
•—
5^
ahem quench swear S—

__^^
ahoy quail ^-~q_^ swore f* —
awake ■3^
tweak <s~^ sweep <^~
awoke acquit
■
i—> ^-j< quota —2^-
aware
•<2^ quack ,^r_1 squall 'J_>-
equator dwell ^r^" switch y

GREGG SHORTHAND. 87
beware c nothing — tardily
bequeath ~6 everything ; heartily <^
persuasion ^ dealings ^r finally <y-
roadway _^ charming y $8
77
Broadway 77? smarting ^ 900
?
gateway certainly 6,000
-zf* r^
<7
headway y calmly ^
$300 y-
warning ^ gently y 7,000,000 y-
anything prettily (^> £700

-°.
f
Some of the soldiers came at the first sound of the gun,

but the others took a run around the town and did not
return until noon.
I am told that the work at the foundry is advancing

very rapidly.
Here is that bill for hay which you owe me. Ah ! I see
by your eye you do not mean to pay me. Oh, I do not
stand in awe of your high-flown words, I assure

you. I
can hoe my own row.
Awhile ago I awoke from a dream while away from

home, in which I was aware that I was to await the appear
ance of a man who was not yet awake.
88 GREGG SHORTHAND.
The famous artist will receive $20,000 from the presi

dent of the art museum for his painting of the massacre
of General Custer's army.

I am well aware that he has been away on the conti
nent for many months, and that he will not return until
next season.
After
riding down
Broadway, Mr. Warner went through
a
doorway and up a narrow stairway to see the president
of the Front Street bank about improving the roadway
He was wearing a cutaway coat.
Without warning the column swept down the mountain
side, and clashed ahead of the army to clear a pathway

for the artillery.
139. Reading Exercise
rr
9 X '
7^ -^ ■
■> t~- y «r ?
9- X y^
<L. >
_^T , {£ r"^ '
-<? J
^
_
y ^_
>
y~7 —y '
^"" ty s ^
y ^ ^ a
^
GREGG SHORTHAND. 89
<r> -^~~7 "^

y
V <*~> -5, J
<2-- ^y <>--< ,- > t> <?
ar^ _
J~. c^>
y £—»-r \
? <C —
y
*~r *-f
y 7 -
*
#
r*> ?^~ ^ ^9 yK
y
X
7
3^Z <2^
\ i v^p
y* y ^ y.
<r J „
■y
ELEVENTH LESSON.
Joined prefixes.
140. A large number of the words begin with prefixes

derived from the Latin and Greek, and for these and
other common
beginnings of words special contractions
are provided. As after is represented by af in the list of
word-signs, you will have no difficulty in using it as a

prefix or in reading af-noon as afternoon. It is also an
■easy matter to extend the application of aw the word-
—
sign for all to at, or at the beginning of words ; and it

—
is quite natural to use / which represents for as a word-

—
sign to represent for, fore as a prefixal contraction. It

—
is desirable to notice that the sign /, when used as a
prefix, is always followed by another consonant, and there

is, therefore, no difficulty in deciding whether it is used
as a prefix or
simply as the letter/. This also applies to
some of the other
prefixes.
141. The following is a complete list of the joined
prefixes with examples for practice :
AFTER 9 AL, OR
afternoon ^_ almost & c-
afterdinner /^-" ordinary z^~
90
GREGG SHORTHAND.
UL -*-> EX r ?
ultimate y exceed y
ulterior *J>-*
expel 7^
COM, CON, —
FOR-E, FUR j
COUN, COG
comply forgive y»
^>
continue -y foretell y
county furnish
w y>
cognomen forearm* Ja—
EM, IM OUT
- —
<r
employ outcast
-^ ^r>-^
emblem outset
-c*~ <&-
impress PER, PRO C
-^
impart -s- permit
EN, IN, UN —
profound
Zs
enlarge SUB J
-y"
s
invite subdue y
j
unjust subpoena A
7
*When for ox fore is followed by a vowel, disjoin the/.
92 GREGG SHORTHAND.
aftertimes T^7 commingle
afterthought %/ conceit
aftermath concert
also consign
almanac concern
O
ordain <y consist
organ condemn
ornament contemplate
ultimatum confound
ultimo (ult) confide
compel convey
common convince
compass contention
7
competition condensation
^
commission convene
commence concave
commotion condole
GREGG SHORTHAND.
—*~~~*
insert
■
concussion -5,-
console '~2__ invent

y
counsel -^ ^
unfit
counter •— ^ unkind
cognate '~*-t£ uncouth -^-^
cognitive unlearned
emperor exaggerate /
embers excess ?
r
emboss expend &
T
imprint experience <€
impartial exit j^
£-
impoverish exert
enrich extol —
->*
enlarge excite <^-
entwine yf exhaust ?
enthusiasm _/? examine c=3
envy exploit C —-tc
.7
engine explosion £-r
Z
34 GREGG SHORTHAND.
forfeit outstanding try?

7
forsooth outnumber
7
fortune y outcome
forsake
J* pernicious y
formula persist ^
y^
foreground yy profane S
forerunner ^ profess 7
s
forefinger submit
y
foresight sublime* <_jP
y
forenoon sublease* *-*
-4_
furnace sublet* ^
y
further j. subordinate* p—
furtive y subway* 0
furniture y~ subdivide y>
forehead
y subsidy j^~
foreordain ;y substance y?
outdo y subside j
outfit
<&. subsequent a
*In a few words S is written contrary to usual joining to clearly express Sub
GREGG SHORTHAND. 95
Positive and Negative words.
143. There is a most important limitation to the use
of the prefixes En, In, Un, and Em, Im. They are only
used when a consonant follows the prefix, as, 'mpress for
impress, 'ndow for endow ; but when a vowel follows En,
In, Un, or Em, Im, the initial vowel is always inserted.
This is necessary in order to make a clear dis
absolutely
tinction between the positive and negative forms of certain
words.
material modest
immaterial immodest
mortal notice
immortal unnoticed
moderate unnerved
immoderate moral
known —
^_ immoral
unknown -»-c: innate ^t^
necessary _^»
inept o-^-
inner
unnecessary ^>
unnatural immersion
^^
96 GREGG SHORTHAND.
Compound Joined prefixes.
144. Two or more simple prefixes may be joined to
form compounds.
imperfect inform
-5> 2-
imperceptible conform
unprofessional perform
unprovided unfortunate
y
incontestable
J unforeseen
uncondemned unfurnished
unconquerable inexcusable
-^
unaccomplished encompass
-*? y
unaccounted inexpedient
7-
incognito inexplicable
unimpaired excommunicate
uninitiated inconvenient
2
inexperience inconstant
inexpensive unconscious
y
insubordinate incomplete
GREGG SHORTHAND. 97
Irregular Compounds.
145. A few compounds may be formed by joining de.
dis, mis, or r to the

non, prefix.
discountenance -^*^ recommend
discontinue recognize
disconcert recognition
miscompute reinsure
^7
misconduct re-enforce
~?
recompense reform
"2r
unrecompensed reformation
^y
reconcile noncontent
recommit nonconformist
REPORTING CONTRACTIONS.
146. The following are useful contractions under rules
given in previous lessons :

( order &^
expect
except C subject /
explain Cy~ effort ^
exercise 2.^ force 7

98 GREGG SHORTHAND.
perfect altogether cS
9
exchange / confident-ce
•?
excellent -=- country
probable progress
consider-ation communicate
1
already <L^» territory
We expect them to make an effort to secure recognition

in the convention.
We have your favor of the 30th ult., and the subject to
which you refer has already received our most earnest
consideration.
Please inform us if he will consent to perform the work
in complete conformity with the memorandum furnished
by your concern.
Such injudicious statements and intemperate language

on part of your counsel are altogether unnecessary,
the
and will have a most pernicious effect.
Foresight to plan and fortitude to sustain are necessary

to secure permanent success.
What I said was that he was unknown to the general

public, but well known to the police.
The counsel for the defense contended that the com-
GREGG SHORTHAND. 99
mission was immaterial, and the account could not be

collected in that county.
It was unnecessary for him to recognize the immoderate
statements of unknown parties.
We found Mr. Hammerton so inexperienced and ineffi
cient that we could not continue to employ him.
We will furnish the complete outfit named in your order

of the 5th inst. on
receipt of $5. It is probable that the
expense of the other items will not exceed $2.50.
y _ ^r -~?
r&
f
624927A
TWELFTH LESSON.
DISJOINED prefixes.
149. By disjoining certain letters and prefixes tr and

a vowel may be expressed ; thus Con disjoined becomes
Contra, Ex becomes Extra, In becomes Intro or Inter,
Al becomes Alter, Ul becomes Ultra, and the letters R
and D (sometimes used for Re and Be) become Retra and
Betra. By adding the letter S to some of these we
get
Cons, Ins, Res, Bis, which, when disjoined, become Con-
stru, Instru, Rcstri, Bistro.. The letters el may also be
disjoined to express elect ri. In each of these combina

tions the expresses tr and a vowel, and as
disjunction
the vowel may vary, you should not attempt to give it a
definite sound. The forms coming under this principle
will speedily become impressed on
your mind as
they are
peculiarly distinctive.
150.By mastering the general principle governing

these prefixes the task of memorizing them is rendered
easy. Before going further the following table should be
very carefully studied and the outlines written repeatedly.

The hooks for Alter and Ultra should always be written
as shown in the following table:
100
GREGG SHORTHAND. 101
CONTR- —
contr(a)k "7L contract
(or counter)
CONSTR- ->
constr(u)k —
> construct
EXTR- >
(or exter) extr(a)k extract
INTR-
(inter, enter, intr(i)kat intricate
intel)
INSTR- -*■ instr(u)k — instruct
RETR- ,^
—
retr(a)k retract
RESTR- ^r restr(i)k % restrict
DETR- <^
- detr(a)k detract
[or deter)
DISTR- y distr(a)k
y~> distract
ELECTR- <^
electr(i)k <3-^, electric
ALTER- c alternat alternate
3
ULTRA- ultramarn ultramarine
151. Gen ERAL EXER CISE.
contraction contraband c
-?
contribute 7 contrary TL>
control "^ —
contrast j
counteract ar->
contravene J
contradict ~y contrivance J
counterpart <£ intelligence
countersign 5^ entertain
countercheck 77 enterprise
counterfeit 7 international
countermand "^ —
-
interpret
countermarch intercede
y^
constraint ~y interweave
•—
>
construction intersect
"7
extravagant y interview
3>
extreme intellect
exterminate ? instruction
extradition 9^7 instrument

2
extraordinary retrieve
?
external retrospect
interest J retraction
introduce ^ retribution
intervene J retrograde
intelligent y restrain
restriction
"? electricity
detract electrician
detriment electrify ^y
determination electrotype
distraction electrocute
^7
c
distrain alteration 9
distress altercate
distribution alternation
y
distrust f alternative y?
destruction ultramontane
-7
152. Some very useful compounds are obtained by
joining simple syllables, such as un, in, dis, re, non, to

disjoined prefixes.
uncontradicted uninterrupted 7
uncontrolled unintelligent "77
incontrovertible unintellectual
J
unconstrained reconstruction
-7
inextricable unreconstructed
uninteresting unretracted
unrestrained T^7 misinterpret f
unrestricted ~"^H, nonintervention y
redistribution / unalterable /"
something new teeth extracted without pain

Here is —
by the aid of electricity.

The international society will not intervene to restrict
the working of the new extradition laws.
We have no control of the contract for the construction
or reconstruction of electric cars after January first.
His work was of an instructive and constructive char
acter, and not of a destructive tendency, as was stated by
the electrician.
The distribution of the lights in the new district is in
direct contravention to the only intelligent interpretation
of the contract.
The alteration in the method of distributing the funds
which were contributed early in the year has caused ex
treme distress.
An experienced and extremely intelligent man should

be placed in entire control of the enterprise in question —
about that there can be no

controversy
In a interview the manager said that the
subsequent
interest and enthusiasm manifested by the intelligent
audience at the first performance of the opera had been
most extraordinary.
*
O ^-^
f y? -
&
£y 17
s~S <? V 1 ?
7
<Z-£?
^£P
7
> 2> 7 - <r V <^ y <?
O^ X - ^
^ £
s&
■y «<? y ^
J
~
<4
P c^ . J
7
(y M
y / y ; ^
y?
THIRTEENTH LESSON.
155. DISJOINED PREFIXES— CONTINUED.

O I
ANTA, E, I MAGNA, E,
(or Mac)
antagonist magnanimous
antecedent magnet
o
antipathy magnificent X
CENTRA, I MacDonagh
central MULTI
centrifugal multiform
X
DECLA, I multitude
declare OVER
decline overdue
HYDRA, O overthrow
hydrant CP, UNDER
<P
hydraulic understand
&
hydropathy ^ underneath
106
GREGG SHORTHAND 107
PARA X
SHORT, SHIP
parasite £ shorthand
parallel shortcomings
POST* shipwreck
x
/.
postman y- shipshape y
SUSPI, E or
s
post-office x<- SUSCEP
SELF or
CIRCU-M suspicion v~
selfish /
c/ suspense
circulation susceptible
r
circumstance TRANS
SUPER, SUPRE v transaction

&y
superfine ^J translation
supreme _j_ transcend
*Post is written on the line close to next character; Para is placed above
antidote sy antimony o__

O
anticipate 7 antithesis
-
X-
o^
—
antediluvian centralize
j-
centripetal /^^. overbalance
declaration v^ overcharge
declined overcome
declivity 2 overestimate
hydrophobia underlie
&
hydrocarbon undertake
~7
hydrogen undertook
<&
hydrostatic underground
magnetism undercharge
magnesia <y paradox
magnify paradise
Macintosh paralysis
MacKenzie paramount
multiply ( paragraph
multifarious paragon
overtake paraphernalia
overstate
postpone
overlook
postage
GREGG SHORTHAND.
j
post-mortem x^- superior
postal K-^
superintend ^
postal card X^ suppress
self-evident 7 superb 7
>
self-conscious superhuman €Ti —
self-esteem ry supervise 4>

self-sufficient shortlived
y
self-improvement shortsighted
self-conceit
—y shipboard r
circumvent 2 suspect j_^
circumference Z suspension r
"7
circumnavigate suspend _/>

X>
superannuation susceptive y
superabundant r transfer 7
supercilious g> transmit ^ *
superficial V transmission
<*>
superfluous 7 transplant y&s
supernatural * transport Zr
157. COMPOUND DISJOINED PREFIXES.
untransacted <=:r~>
insuppressible >
—r
^ unselfish
untransparent f
untranslatable ^-t3'
unparalleled 7^
untransferable ~Z. unsuspected jjr
self-control unsuspicious
self-contradic ^-x
concentrative
tion
disinterested eccentric 2^
self-interest comparative X
158. The words misunderstand and misunderstood may
be expressed by writing stand and stood under mis. This
may also be extended to understand and understood when

preceded by a
pronoun.
misunderstand misunderstood I understand we understand
o p..
^ >- y
159. The prefixal forms may be used to represent the
words extra, enter, over, under, short, alter, center, the next
word being placed beneath.
extra discount enter into over the under any
c --?
y =>-
short time alter the center rail over which
/--—-' c /—
7
GREGG SHORTHAND. Ill
It is said that the extreme of the

length magnificent
armory is exactly two hundred feet.
The circulation of the magazine was over
fifty thousand,
without taking into account the extra copies sent out as
samples.
When I undertook to overcome the external forces at
work, I found there was internal trouble as well.
It was self-evident that coal would be recognized as
a contraband of war.
There general suspicion that his antagonist was

was a
a man of
great intelligence and magnetism.
The celebrated French savant declares that it is possi
ble to effect a complete cure of hydrophobia.
He will soon establish a central hydropathy, if he can
secure a site near the new
post-office.
Mr. MacKenzie reported that the postman displayed
unparalleled self-possession under the trying circum

stances.
The superficial enthusiasm of the multitude was short
lived, as was anticipated.
Thissystem of shorthand is the very antithesis of the
antiquated methods, and it is comparatively easy to dem
onstrate that it is vastly superior to any of them, because
there is a
superabundance of evidence in its favor.
&■
/r.
4 -
f . ^ -3
-
y
X
-2 y^ / ^ ^3>
s*=> v_tf> ^> y
^
^ ^ /<?
^ ^c
y
2 x <Y -r
3
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FOURTEENTH LESSON.
Joined Affixes
162. Very little explanation is necessary in respect to

this lesson, as it is the simplest section in the entire
system. In the terminations Ful, less, Ment, Ness, Self,

the first letter indicates the syllable which is to follow.
For example, in writing amusement it is only necessary
to write amuse-m —
the m indicates the syllable. These

affixes are
very convenient and, at the same time, very
legible, as, owing to the insertion of the vowels, the letter
which denotes the affix can only be read as an affix sign.
Particular attention should be paid to Pose and Position,
as they are useful in actual work for making a clear dis
tinction between Proposal and Proposition and other words
of a similar character. You should get into the habit of in
dicating the plural of Tion, Sion, always add the S to the
affix sign in actions, decisions and similar words. The affix
ward is usually expressed by wawd, in accordance with
paragraph 117, but in some words it is sufficient to write d.

ABLE, IBLE, 7 FUL, FORE ^
BLE
notable -*^ bashful

/
audible c^y wherefore
113
LESS _^
SELF
artless >.—
-- himself
breathless yourself
hopeless ty myself
MENT SELVES
amusement themselves '

T
experiment C^ ourselves
temperament yourselves ?
NESS SION, TION
sadness omission
hardness formation J f>
attentiveness y2 expedition £^r

POSE X CIENT, TIENT ^
impose ancient „
T
propose patient
7 £
POSITION WARD
imposition onward
T
proposition forward
f
GREGG SHORTHAND.
163, General Exercise,
noble pliable
suitable
7
credible
r
payable awful
X
peaceable lawful
7
horrible handful
salable
7
useful
eatable wonderful
r
humble thoughtful
I
nimble heretofore
readable aimless
-~r
seasonable homeless
admissible
r fearless
X
admirable moment
laudable defacement
assignable armament
attainable
T ailment
*7
formidable ^rT augment
bareness ^- one's self
fairness nation
lateness session
rudeness section
pertness y oration
smartness ^^ fashion
expose 7 sentient
exposition 7 impatient
oppose 7 homeward
opposition 7 inward
compose reward
7
composition downward
7
suppose 7 upward
supposition 7 awkward
depose ^7 afterwards
deposition y towards
dispose y eastward
disposition < Edward

Compound Joined Affixes.
164. The immense power obtained by the careful selec

tion of signs for the simple only understood
affixes is
when you come to deal with the compounds. They are
simple, and their utility is really extraordinary. Take
Lessness, for instance. The I stands for less, and N
for Ness; joined together they represent Lessness as in
bv'eathlessncss, hopelessness, thoughtlessness. And it should
be remembered that there being no vowel between the
consonants clearly indicates that the letters represent a
compound.
feebleness fearlessness
7
hopefulness breathlessne.ss
7
thoughtfulness hopelessness
■z
aimlessly
playfulness <V
fearlessly
hopefully X
thoughtfully recklessly
t7
playfully ^ hopelessly £_ D
actionable
■
^*-
heedlessness
fashionable
7.
thoughtlessness
I suppose you are aware that such a

proposition will
meet with persistent opposition.
The most thoughtful of them soon arrived at a decision
that the proposed expedition was in its recklessness not
worthy of serious consideration.

The argument of the opposition to the exposition was
clearly stated, but the movement in favor of it was won

derfully active.
Owing to the dullness in trade it was not thought
seasonable at that time to impose a duty on anything
going to that section of the country.

The bashful child blushed very prettily at the compli
ment from the noble statesman.
However much may regret it, the composition of

we
the government shows that the ancient order is rapidly
passing away. The tendency is ever upward and onward,

and antiquity should not privilege error, nor novelty
prejudice truth. Success is the reward of merit.

He fearlessly stated that heretofore the movement had
been eastward, but that in the near future the tide would
again flow westward.

As they neared their end
journey's they moved forward
more
rapidly, and soon the ancient
city lay before them.
The wonderful attentiveness to the careful disposition
of the armaments was viewed with amusement those
by
wlio believed that a
peaceable solution of the difficulty
would be arrived at.
gregg shorthand. 119
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v X y >" c=rr
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FIFTEENTH LESSON.
disjoined Affixes.
167. ING, THING, INGLY, INGTON, INGHAM. As

explained in a previous lesson, the affix ing, thing is ex
pressed by a dot, and ings by writing the sign for s in the
ing position. You can now carry this principle a little
further by writing ly in the ing position for ingly, ton for
ing ton, and m for ingham.

feeling feelings feelingly
y
Washington Wellington Birmingham
168. FICATION, MENTAL, MENTALITY, SHIP

The letter / disjoined, and placed close to the
preceding
character, expresses f cation; the letter m disjoined ex
presses mental or
mentality; the sign for sh disjoined
expresses ship.
specification fundamental friendship
$
ornamental
steamship
120
169. BILITY, BEETY, BAEITY, ICAL, ICLE. The

letter b disjoined expresses bility, berty, barity; and k dis
joined expresses ical, icle in words of more than one
syllable.
feasibility liberty barbarity
classical chronicle medical
170. -PJTY, -LITY. The letterdisjoined, and placed

r
close to the preceding character, expresses arity, erity,

etc., and I in the same position expresses ality, ility, etc.
popularity prosperity utility
£ t
171. OGEAPH, ETC, GEAM, GEIM. The letter o
disjoined expresses ograph; and the other letters are
added to express ographer, ographic, ography. The letter
g expresses gram or
grim when disjoined.
lithograph lithography lithographer
lithographic diagram pilgrim

172. EGEAPH, ETC. The small circle

disjoined and
placed over the last character expresses egraph, igraph;
the other letters are added to express egrapher, igrapher,
igraphic; a loop expresses egraphy, igraphy.

telegraph telegraphy telegrapher
telegraphic caligraph caligraphic
173. TJLATE, ETC. The letter u

disjoined expresses
ulatc; the other letters are added to express idation,
ulator, ulative.
speculate speculated speculator
y-9
speculative formulate manipulate

7
yr
174. -CITY and -STIC. The letter s
disjoined ex
presses acity, icity, ocity; st disjoined expresses astic,estic,

istic, ostic.
tenacity felicity pomposity
s^T
p y
elastic domestic artistic
>•- s^X
y
175. OLOGY. The letter o

disjoined and placed on
its side expresses ology, or

ological.
theology physiology chronology
7
176. -TIC, -NTIC. The large circle disjoined expresses

otic, etic, itic, etc. A disjoined n expresses antic, entic, etc.
systematic energetic politic
o
-7o o
hypnotic gigantic authentic
•A <^L
willingly «-—
£ appallingly ^y
knowingly __^ soothingly .w
pleadingly cXgî warningly ^
strikingly i^~jS> cheeringly /
meaningly grudgingly „
^
smilingly Millington
24 GREGG SHORTHAND.
Farmington 7-^- sentimental
Kensington experimental
TP-
Harrington sacramental
<2^
Dillingham ^— monumental
Rockingham —
^_ hardship
codification clerkship
-y
qualification workmanship
y
edification
<; apprenticeship
ratification airship
y
gratification — township
?
signification -^v partnership
modification -y authorship
mortification
~^> steamship
amplification kinship
°7>
indemnification y worship
identification
<o nobility
certification
sensibility
1
jollification y advisability
legibility nautical -^
desirability
7
x periodical ^^
affability
7 ethical ^
article grammatical
clerical priority <^

physical X majority
~7t
psychical minority —
musical authority o£__.
tentacle singularity -<
chimerical sincerity ^-r
icicle docility y^
<e
radical facility
9^
diabolical nationality y
technical brutality ^
cuticle criminality
magical photograph 7
bicycle photographer J^
barnacle
y: photographic 7
phonograph X modulate
>^7 manipulator
stenograph rc
stenographer y^-^ cumulative

x
autograph populated &
typography immaculate
y.
biography ci> articulate
phraseography inarticulate
y
mimeograph emulative
geography insulate —r
hectograph adulation
monogram stipulation
phraseogram insulator
anagram osculation
?
epigram tabulate
X
cablegram expostulate
stimulate population
stipulate regulate
7<
emulate perambulate
GREGG SHORTHAND.
matriculate ■—
r<-=s atheistic
sagacity statistics
capacity 7? biology
mendacity philology
veracity J ornithology
loquacity phrenology
rapacity mythology
rf
vivacity tautology
opacity X geology
complicity etymology
duplicity automatic
y>
publicity erratic
catholicity pneumatic
elasticity arithmetic
journalistic y phonetic
ecclesiastic despotic
bombastic frantic
majestic Atlantic
-7?
A newspaper article was read which fearlessly exposed

the shameful manipulation of the telegraphic messages
from Washington by the speculators.
The radical section of the convention, being in a
major
ity, proceeded to formulate a
programme heartily advo
cating the ownership by the municipality of all public
utilities.
The sudden appearance of a lithograph of the president
was greeted with enthusiastic
applause by the majority.
It is a
physical impossibility for us to tabulate all the
returns received from the small townships throughout the

state.
The heartless character of this man and his terrible
brutality are well known to those in authority.

It is a
gratification to receive an ornamental piece of
lithographic work or
specimen of
a neat stenographic
penmanship from former pupils.
Make up your mind to photograph on your brain the
formation of all word signs and other contractions. The
thoughtful classification of all the principles of the sys
tem is helpful in the
study of the art of stenography.
It should stimulate you to know that there are
only a
few morelessons in this system of phonography.
Will you steadily pursue this course until
you have
achieved your purpose to become an
expert stenographer?
May success and prosperity attend your efforts.
<3-£>
> -"■
7 j
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7
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7 r^ c <-
SIXTEENTH LESSON.
Analogical Abbreviation.
180. It is very desirable that you should acquire a

habit of dealing with similar beginnings and endings of
words, applying to small classes of words, in an analogous
and harmonious manner. The following illustrations
should be carefully studied and practiced :
first X subserve y
J-
firm surface <?
affirm o2_
survey j
confirm
ZX-
survive j
infirm
7X
surfeit j.
subsidy y surprise <u
substitute j^ sure -r
substance t-r assure 9
substantial t^r reassure

-X>
subsequent X treasure
^~2f
130
GREGG SHORTHAND.
measure voyage
—r
/
/
leisure disparage
—X
injure cartage
y
adjure 7 postage
9
perjure courage
f y
conjure cottage
7 y
assume 9 _
bondage
x
resume
— bandage ^7/
presume <k_ acquire <z~~&
•assumption *-, require —

-^G>
resumption ^_ inquire -^
presumption esquire 3-&

^
message afflict l^
-7
passage inflict
/ reflect
y
package y^-
f
7
baggage conflict
y
/
luggage affliction z*
dotage -7 infliction
^-r
reflection requisition
y^, "7
election acquisition
contain disquisition
retain describe
maintain transcribe
detain inscribe
obtain ^ description
other transcription
mother inscription
whether prescription
d-
neither result
either insult
brother (y consult
"2
father cX insist
perverse resist
7 yr
reverse desist
P
converse consist
P X?
inquisition persist
GREGG SHORTHAND.
subsist production
/
praiseworthy C#~ introduction
trustworthy -*. contradiction
blameworthy (X^-y° defective
Broadway 7> detective
gateway -** effective
doorway ê adjective
roadway ^y instructive
petition X constructive
partition &T destructive
competition restrictive
y^
hesitation ^r injunction
visitation
7 conjunction
salutation C-^ disjunction
addition y momentary
condition y complimentary
expedition y* elementary
extradition y supplementary
I presume some trustworthy man like Mr. Hethering-

ton will be in charge of the matter, and that he will insist
upon the production of the election notice, or at least
inquire into the qualifications of all suspicious parties.

After much serious reflection, it is my firm conviction
that a substantial subsidy will be necessary to prepare
the way for an early resumption of the work.
It was
subsequent to this event that his brother said he
neither heard nor

anything about etymology.
read
The director said that the expedition shown in the de
livery of the message was praiseworthy, and his compli

mentary references were most encouraging to the men.
When I was passing the partition doorway I saw him
take the postage stamps.
Let me assure you if you presume to attain any great
measure of success in the study of the lithe and noble
"
art of stenography," you must bear in mind that a

great
deal of repetition work
is necessary. Such a desirable
consummation cannot be reached without effort.
On reflection I trust that the prospect of ultimate suc
cess will confirm you in your resolution to persevere, and

that you will willingly devote many hours of far from
desultory study to writing these exercises and to the tran

scription of matter written from dictation. That is the
only way in which you can hope to acquire a perfect
knowledge of this useful art-science.
2 ^ -s? <w cl, s> y

—
-9 _
<2^
^r ^_£p ^r
T -~<- -<? >
A?^ <^ 7 ^ <zr ^jy s~
s> 7
r
*7
y
7 y y
~
>
9
, y
y
' >
y y
-
y?
y y *- . ir
f y
- c
SEVENTEENTH LESSON.
Advanced phrase writing.
183. Omission of Wokds. The rules for the omission

of words in phrase writing are of great importance, and
should be carefully studied. We now give a few more
illustrations.
in reference to the
in order to judge
-X matter
in regard to the
in order to prepare
-T>y matter
what is your name in order to see
what is your name I would like to

and business
r know
on the subject I would like to have

7
question of time kindly let us know
sooner or later thanking you for

your attention XT-*
little or no in a week or two ,^>
little or nothing in such a manner
on account of the
in the matter
way ^-e*"^
up to the time some time or other y^^

136
184. Inteesection. The expedient known as inter

section, or the writing of one character
through another,
is sometimes useful for special phrases. In applying this
expedient you must rely very largely upon your own
judgment. In your daily work as stenographer or reporter,
you may find some terms peculiar to the business in
which you are engaged so frequently occurring that special
forms may be adopted for them which will be brief and
yet absolutely distinctive. Very often the intersection of

one character
through another will meet the exigency.
The following are useful examples:
price list X- —
Canadian Pacific ""^X
Board of Trade y Grand Trunk -— -^<
A. M. .©— endowment policy —

r
y
P.M. X- indemnity policy —
Democratic party î tontine policy ""T^
Republican party ^ per barrel 77-
Baltimore and xT^

^ per dozen j£>r
Ohio (B. & O.)
New York Central -^-. per pound (X
Michigan Central per share <X
Illinois Central «-_*—

bank draft *y
Union Pacific _^
vice versa y
a 38 GREGG SHORTHAND.
185. Indication of "Ing." The affix ing and a fol

be expressed
lowing the, his, you, your, their, and, this, may
by writing the word sign in the ing position.
knowing the
doing the -^
doing his knowing their -^
doing your knowing this "<?
doing their working and
doing this îh having the 7

giving the coming and
giving their having their
giving you having your
186. Modification of Word Forms. The forms for

certain words are modified to permit of phrase writing.
past week few months J_ _^r
£,
for a few
last week
months
this week few minutes
for a few
next week
minutes XTy
few days yx days ago
for a few days weeks ago
in a few days months ago

ye
years ago as fast as possible
some weeks ago as long as possible
many years ago as low as possible
several days ago as many as possible
few days ago as much as possible
day or two ago as near as possible
week or two ago as soon as possible
year or two ago least possible delay
as far as at an early date
as fast as at an early day

at as early a date
as large as
Y as possible
at your early con
as long as
venience X
at your earliest
as low as
convenience X
as many as ■*
1 early reply v
as much as I am sorry
-i—p
as near as ,2-^=
I am sorry to say
as soon as I am sorry to hear
as far as possible I am sorry to learn

we are in receipt of your

we are sorry c2-tf esteemed favor
*tr
we are in receipt of your
we are sorry to say
*S esteemed letter
I beg to acknowledge
we are sorry to hear
receipt
we are sorry to
I beg to enclose
learn
you will be sorry I beg to thank you
you will be sorry we beg to acknowl

to hear edge
you will be sorry we beg to acknowl
to learn edge receipt
I am very sorry by this mail
we are very sorry by today's mail
to him
by this day's mail
I told him return mail

by
you told him by mail
esteemed favor J by same mail
your esteemed
favor
J by early mail
esteemed letter of course
your esteemed
letter of course it is
I am in receipt of your
esteemed favor of course they will
I am in receipt of your as a matter of '
eeteemed letter 2-^—

course
as a matter of fact first class

2_^) y
call your attention
to the fact first class manner y
in point of fact first class condition
be sure
£ over and over again
to be sure
again and again
you may be sure on account of that
I am sure «_, , on account of this
we are sure account of my

g_^ on
you will be sure -,

City of Chicago
please find enclosed

y X City of Boston
tyZ^ —
>
X
enclosed please find -> to be able
please let us hear

£
^
<~— shall be able
from you
I would be
7
pleased ^y will be able
we will be pleased ^ ^
should be able
?
present time y~ would be able
X
at the present time &^~~ will not be able
at the present
X7
have been able
moment
on the present
have you not been
occasion
able
Dear Sir: We have drawn you to-day at three

on
days' sight for the amount of your invoice of the 5th ult.
This bill is long past due, and should have been paid
some time ago. On account of this we trust you will not
again disappoint us, but will endeavor to pay at presenta

tion of draft. Let us hear from you on the subject as
soon as possible. Yours truly,
Gentlemen: I send you enclosed a letter written the

next day after you were here. I believe the writer will
do all possible his part to induce the company to come
on
on this side of the street, but I know nothing of his in

fluence with them, and it is the last thing in the world I
expect them to do if they have looked into the matter
carefully. Let me know what they decide to do, and

when I return from my vacation I will call and see
you.
Yours truly,
Dear Sir: Will you kindly let me know the next time
you are in the city? It is a long time since we have had

a settlement of and
our
joint account, on our
part we
would like to have an

understanding, as it may be the
means of preventing further trouble. I spoke to Mr. Bell
about that balance you mentioned, and he said it would be
paid in due time. Of his condition financially, I know

very little, but it is said that he is not very good pay.
Wishing you success, I remain,
Yours truly,
GREGG SHORTHAND 143-
y? -y^^ y* —
■
± ^ ) 4/
-^>
y cX^y
£
y.
**
Tsr-r ^p
'-V ^ . 7
7 cr-v"
/ ^_ >«-, -A. /
} ^=>
<z_^
-^^^
cX X ^
9 ^tr -
^ *
a-^-
'
y^7
X >~ 7 ?
y \ =2- /^
^
^^ t2
EIGHTEENTH LESSON.
189. INITIALS.
A o H •
0 V ^
B '7 I & P 7 w „
c ^ J y Q --»> x \
-*"
D K *-~i
R X Y
—
JHj o L S Z
/ /"
F 7 M ——
T --
G , N —
U
^— ^
190. DA YS AND MONTHS.
Sunday uS January August

c/-
Monday — —
February 7 September
1 ***
Tuesday --? March October
Wednesday <S>-r April (^ November
Thursday May <—>

December
■5^
Friday <x June >

Saturday C^ July /
144
191. principal Cities.
New York —
«— -
Minneapolis ^, New Haven _^
■^ Patterson X~X
Chicago Jersey City X"
Philadel °^- ^
—
Louisville <>—
y Lowell —c -
phia ^
y
(-*— Omaha Nashville
Brooklyn > <■
—
^>
St. Louis Rochester Scran ton

y
Boston St. Paul Fall River

r
Baltimore 7. - Kansas City Memphis
y
San
Providence Wilmington
Francisco <t? X
Grand
Cleveland Denver
Rapids
Cincinnati Indianapolis Camden
Buffalo Allegheny Trenton
New Orleans Albany / Lincoln
Columbus Hartford CiX-

Pittsburg
St. Joseph
Washington y Syracuse 7
Detroit Worcester Des Moines
•^
Salt Lake
Milwaukee Toledo
City
Newark Richmond Springfield X

192. STATES AND TERRITORIES.

North
Alabama Kentucky -—3.
Dakota
Alaska Louisiana -^
Ohio
Arizona Maine 5- Oklahoma
^
Arkansas Maryland Oregon
Massachu Pennsyl
California ^
setts vania
Colorado Rhode
Michigan
Island
Connecticut Minnesota _
South
Carolina
Delaware South
Mississippi r
Dakota
District of
Missouri ■x^ Tennessee
Columbia
Florida <Le Montana ^ Texas
Georgia Nebraska Utah
Idaho y Nevada Vermont
New Hamp
Illinois
shire Virginia
Indiana New Jersey

Washington
Indian West
New Mexico
Territory Virginia
Iowa a? New York Wisconsin
Kansas North
Carolina Wyoming
POINTS OF THE COMPASS, ETC

193. In certain lines of business the
following forms
will be found very useful:
north -^
north-east
south (7 south-east y
east -2"
north-western
west ^ south-western
y
northern -^ north-eastern
southern -J^—
south-eastern y
eastern 2-"~
north-west quarter -^
western £-— south-west quarter .a
north-west -^> north-east quarter ~^_^
south-west ■£) south-east quarter X
General Rules.
194. The prefix Ex is

expressed by es, and this nat
urally suggests the omission of k in X (eks) in the body
or at the end of a word.
Many writers have done this
for years, but it has been necessary to make exceptions in
certain words —
and exceptions are always objectionable.

The letter X may now be expressed at the end or in the
body of words (but not at the beginning) by a slight

modification of the curve for s, as shown in the following

examples :
mix box tax lax vex
-^ 7 ^ ê
7
195. The rule for expressing ed and er, or after word-
signs may be extended to other derivatives, as shown in

the following examples :
creditable claimant movable
196. When the distinctive appearance of the primitive

word-form can be preserved, it is allowable to join to form
the derivatives.
favorable careless nameless
^^ ^
(
fable kill nail
197. In forming plural of certain abbreviated

the
words, it is desirable to clearly indicate that the primitive

form is an abbreviation. This can be done by making
a slight change in the manner of
adding s.
names cares families
198. When word-sign or contracted word ends with

a
s, the plural is expressed by joining s with an angle
Compare the words given in the following lines :

causes instances respects
y 7 y
consist insist resist
y -r
-r
199. In joining the affix ness

angle is sometimes
an
formed for the purpose of clearly distinguishing it as an

affix. Compare the words given in the following lines :
lowness thoroughness hardness
loan thrown harden
200. A be expressed by two short dashes

hyphen may
struck upwards between the connected words or
syllables.
co-equal re-assert good-will
201. If it should be found desirable to indicate with
precision the short sound of any vowel, a small curve can
be placed beneath it.

minion immigrate onion
202. following words are given

The to illustrate the
importance of placing the second circle outside the line

when two circles are joined:
namely daily payee carry
-& y^ y ^3
nigh die pie kind
—a?
^^ X) '-s>
203. Before t or d the prefix form for con

may also
represent can.
candidate candor cantaloupe
candidacy canteen candle
204. When more convenient the prefix form tor decla, i,

may be joined.
declare decline declivity
205. In many words the affix ship may be joined.

hardship clerkship friendship
y Lr
206. There are a fewinfrequent words, consisting of

several vowels in succession— usually Indian names
in which it is more convenient to write the letters separ
ately, and to indicate their connection by
drawing a line
underneath.
Lehigh ayah yahoo
yy °y x>-
207. Cents when preceded by dollars may be expressed

by writing the figures representing them very small and
over the numerals for the dollars
; when not preceded by
dollars the sign for s is placed above the figure. Per cent
is expressed by s written below the figure.
$8.50 five cents five per cent
A meeting of our representatives was held in Chicago

on
Tuesday, June 4th, which was attended by agents from
the following cities : St. Louis, Detroit, Minneapolis, St.
Paul, Buffalo, Kansas City, Omaha, Denver, and Spring
field. The meeting adjourned on Wednesday, after a
somewhat heated discussion as to where the next gather
ing should be held. The representatives from the north

west claimed that they were entitled to recognition, and
that either Minneapolis or St. Paul should be favored. It

appeared, however, that the representatives of these cities
were somewhat
jealous, and to avoid the necessity of
choosing between them, it was finally decided to hold the
next convention either in Cincinnati or Cleveland, as the
committee, after due inquiry, might deem advisable.
Mr. Martin positively declined to accept an assignment
to Oregon, stating that he was aware of the causes which
led to the transfer.
209. reading Exercise.
-^ '-fy^r v ,
—
^*y y x <?> s&
A SHORT VOCABULARY.
A another belong
r absent answer
4 benefit
absolute appear benevolent
abundant appearance beside
accom
application better
modation
accomplish <2£> arrive bound

y
<?y accuracy assembly ^ boundary
accustom attention c
across d^ attorney calculate
address author cancel
7 advertise authorita cancellation

tive ^7
affidavit average capable
y
<2-^? alphabet avoid career
America B cargo
among beauty casually

y
amount behind catalogue
behold y certificate
annual 77~-
GREGG SHORTHAND
D distinguish
7 danger doctrine
defendant E
X degenerate eminent
degree energy
democratic endorse
conclusion demonstrate engage
congregation demoralize England
■ —>-—>
congress derive enormous
"""^ connection desirable enough

y
""3— > consequence <^" </ develop entitle
conspicuous ^^ dictate epidemic

-z
constant ^zf disadvan etc.
tage
contingent y^* disappoint evident
ment
co-operate ^7 discover exorbitant

y
y
cultivation ^*^ discuss y expedient
—
lr> curious dispropor
^r express
tionate
"> custom ^^~ distinct ?^7 extenuation

GREGG SHORTHAND 155
y* extempore j-^> hitherto L
F ^y hundred -
R language
failure \ —
&> likewise
familiar ignorant-ce —
f
litigation
^—*~-
X^T- financial incoherent local
<^_^ flour incompre- —

•*? logic
^Sr hensible /
<£^-, frequent indeed *— **"

loyalty
fulfill independent
"—
""; luxury
J
G indispensa M
-f ble
X general innocence magazine
7 generation -y?
instantane
ous
~7 manufac
ture
'-^~*-£>^
gratitude institute material
—
"&X guarantee -** institution maturity
H intend melancholy
head J memoranda
quarters
memoran
hereinafter X journal dum
y
herewith /, jurisdiction method
juxtaposi-
—
misfortune
hieroglyphic
t tion
~y
^
156 GREGG SHORTHAND
mistake <—-- o'clock policy
moderate C^, operation poverty
C^
moderation X opinion practical
month ordinary practice
mortgage original predecessor

7
mortal organization y prepare
N otherwise presentation
neglect P prevail
numerous previous
7 passenger
number x- patriot private

CSp
o <y patriotic privilege

o
obedient patriotism proceed
oblige 7 patronage proceedings
obligation X^> peculiar proportion
obvious z^. pecuniary punctual

c
observe perpendicu Q
X lar
occur
(Z, person -al quantity
occupy plaintiff quarter

T fy (ptflE.)
GREGG SHORTHAND 157
$ ^
R social tuition
--"-s
really J socialism tranquil
refuse sort trustworthy
remark steady,study u
request XX strange unavoidable
-"""^ strike union

requirement
requisite *~~~
struggle universe
7
>^^ student V
resignation
resort •*~-" success X valuation
responsible -A-^ successful variety
rule successive P various

7
revolution suggest X vicinity
s J sufficient 7 virtue
scarce T volunteer
secure -^^ testimonial vulgar
serious -^ testimony w
thankful y warrant
significant-ce ^--J
singular ^ thousand widespread

y
situation _^^ thwart withdrew
BUSINESS LETTERS.
^2^ <- y
^ &-> 2_-
y> -y
y^
y^
7 - _
x X
<£>
0^~r ô y y -i ^ -
.
x ^ ~-^
a- y ^"> ^ 7 ^ y y*
7 .
/&
'
^5"
y
•?
»-tf -^ " ""
«-' c
X
X y
SHORTHAND AS A MEANS OF MENTAL CULTURE.
£ ^ CsS-
ay*
7^ ^ ^
^ •
$T ^-/ j, 9 <Z
~^ * <y
f ? y?
-
y ^7 j?
*» -rf art-
Y 7
d.
y- r
7
*^. -*-? c. -
r y;
s* &
/ *. _ 6, (C -^ ^
^=
"T7
■^ x
COURT TESTIMONY.
Xe
<y •
z~ (^ ^ ^ _
>—
x "^
y
y
r
<=^T2_
•7
-?
>y y
7^c; xrz>
A y xx> y <y
7
7 9-
x,
y
KEY TO SHORTHAND PLATES.
business letters.
Dear Sir:
When we heard from you the other day we certainly were
under the impression that you desired to act as our repre

sentative in your city. We regret to find that this was a mat
ter if misunderstanding on our part, and under the circum

stances we must .ask you to be good enough to return the sam
ples which we forwarded to you with our last letter. The terms
therein mentioned were for your own information only, and we
therefore trust that you will keep the whole matter strictly
private, and not divulge our conditions to any one. We trust
that at some future time you will be in position

a to enter into
negotiations with us to act as our agent, and if you do so, we
feel sure it will be to our mutual advantage. Yours truly,
Dear Sir:
Your card of the 15th inst. in regard to renewal of your con
tract is at hand, and in reply would say that the territory in

which you reside is now controlled by our home office and we
would respectfully refer you to them. No doubt they will be
to make contract with you on the same con
perfectly willing a
ditions. Yours truly,
SHORTHAND AS A MEANS OP MENTAL CULTURE.
With shorthand every person may form his own books of ref
to his requirements, and that in the same

erence according own
161
KEY TO SHORTHAND PLATES.
space as though they were printed ; and no selection of printed

books would contain and only contain what he wanted. Any
person who will collect only for a brief time such facts into short
hand as appear likely to be useful in life, and sometimes read over
what is so collected, will find the ideas secured again and again
recurring in future reading, If this selecting be continued, it

will come to be recognized that nearly every newspaper or
maga
zine article, and not a few of the so-called new books, are but a
more or less ingeniously contrived patch-work of old ideas, though
doubtless the writer in many cases believed them to be original;
and the reader will end in knowing ideas apart from words, and
will recognize them in whatever dress they may be presented,
just as we know our friends by their features, however they may
be attired. For ideas, as seen in print, heard in words, or felt in
the mind, are much like the stars —
many reflections of a few
originals. —
C. R. Needham.
TESTIMONY.
Q. Have you at any time held a position in that company?

A. During the year 1901 I was elected director, but I notified
the parties that I was not eligible.
Prior to that time you had not been
Q. a director of the
Northern Pacific? A. No, sir.
Q. What relation, if any, did you sustain to the Chicago,
Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company? A. The railroad
is the old Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Company. I am not
sure that I am a director. I may be. I do not recollect that.
I know I am in the new
company.
Did you hold any position other than that of director of
Q.
the new company? A. No other.
What relation do you sustain to the Northern Securities
Q.
Company? A. I am president of the company.
KEY TO SHORTHAND PLATES. 163
Q. What are the holdings companies' stocks?

of the railroad
A. The amount held of the Northern Pacific is very large,.
$140,000,000 or $150,000,000. Of the other companies, between
$45,000,000 and $50,000,000, I should appraise it.
Q. What interest has the Great Northern Company in the
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railway Company? A. It
owns half of the stock of the original railroad company.
GREGG PUBLICATIONS, ETC.
GREGG SHORTHAND MANUAL. Bound In cloth $1,50

PROGRESSIVE EXERCISES IN GREGG SHORTHAND.
These exercises are intended to test the student's knowl
edge of each lesson, and to develop independent reading
and writing ability 50
GREGG SPEED PRACTICE. 272 pages. A combination of

reading and writing exercises and dictation practice, copi
ously illustrated with shorthand forms; designed to afford
a comprehensive review of the principles of Gregg Short
hand and to provide material for developing speed. .11.00;

postpaid 1.10
GREGG SHORTHAND DICTIONARY. Contains the out

lines of about 7,000 words. Bound in leather, vest pocket
size 1.00
GREGG SHORTHAND PHRASE BOOK. Contains about

2,400 useful phrases. A great aid in attaining speed, and in
valuable to all practical writers. Bound in leather, vest
pocket size 75
READING AND WRITING EXERCISES IN GREGG

SHORTHAND. Advanced practice matter— business let
ters, articles, law forms, etc. designed to follow the Man
—
ual and Progressive Exercises 50
TAQUIGRAFIA FONETICA GREGG PANI. An adapta

tion of Gregg Shorthand to the Spanish language. Bound
in cloth 1-50
LESSONS IN SHORTHAND PENMANSHIP. By John R

Gregg 10
FACTORS OF SUCCESS. Compiled by H. T. Whitfordand

written in GreggShorthand; a very interestingand instruc
tive reading book 25
PRACTICAL POINTERS FOR SHORTHAND STUDENTS.

By Frank Rutherford. Invaluable to ambitious stenog
raphers and students. Full of helpful suggestions about
shorthand, typewriting, office work and reporting. 131
50
pages, bound in cloth
GREGG PUBLICATIONS, ETC.
LETTERS OF A SELF-MADE MERCHANT TO HIS SON.

Written in Gregg Shorthand and illustrated. A choice col
lection of the famous "Letters" issued by special arrange
ment with the publishers of the original work 50
PUNCTUATION SIMPLIFIED. By J. Clifford Kennedy.

An admirably concise presentation of the rules of punc
tuation 25
RATIONAL TYPEWRITING. By Ida McLenan Cutler and
Rupert P. SoRelle. A complete textbook for class or self
instruction in the art of typewriting by the "touch" or
"piano" method. In three forms Single Keyboard, Double
—
Keyboard and Oliver Keyboard, uniform in style. Bound

In cloth, end opening 1.00
WORDS: THEIR SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION. DEFI

NITION AND APPLICATION. 128 pages, bound in cloth.
A spelling book with a new and pedagogical idea. Each
Word is spelled, pronounced, defined and applied; teaches
the dictionary habit 25
WORDS EXERCISE BOOK. A series of test exercises de
signed to accompany and supplement words. Paper cover .10
THE GREGG FOUNTAIN PEN. A high-grade fountain pen

at a moderate price. Each pen sent in a neat box with
filler and directions 1.50
THE GREGG PENCIL. Manufactured for stenographers
in accordance with special formula of Mr. John R. Gregg.
decided upon after extensive experiments. One dozen ill
a handsome box 50
ENGLISH-PROGRESSIVE STUDIES. By Frances Effinger-
Raymond. A succinct presentation of the essentials of
English 75
THE GREGG WRITER. A monthly magazine, containg a
"Learners' Department," with numerous helpful suggest
ions for students, advanced writing exercises, a reporting depart
ment, etc. Single copy, 10 cents: subscription per year 1,00
THE GREGG PIN. A blue and white emblem, gold lettering.
representing the ellipses on which Gregg Shorthand is
founded; in two styles— pin and button 30
THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY

NHW YORK
CHICAGO
Gregg Speed Practice
A Manual of Speed Dictation
Combined with a Review of the Principles of Gregg

Shorthand
Carries the Student The mosT;
from copiously illustrated

theory to practice dictation book
258 on
pages;
cloth. the market
Price One Dollar; Postpaid $1.10
GREGG PUBLISHING CO.

THE
151 Wabash Ave., Chicago 1123 Broadway, New York
THE GREGG
WRITER
Jl Monthly Magazine Devoted to Shorthand,

Typewriting and Commercial Education
VOL. X. No. 7 MARCH 1908
Contains a "Learners' Department," with numerous helpful suggestions for students,

advanced reading and writing exercises, a "Reporters' Department," etc.
Single copy Ten Cents; subscription per year One Dollar
THE GREGG PUBLISHING CO.
CHICAGO NEW YORK

Gregg Shorthand Phrase Book
Contains about 2,400 useful phrases
of all kinds; a great aid in attaining
speed, and invaluable to all practical
writers. Bound in leather, vest pocket
size, uniform with Dictionary.
Sent to any address, postpaid, for
Seventy-fi'he Cents
Gregg Shorthand Dictionary

Contains the outlines for about 7,000
words.
Bound in Russian leather with side
stamp in gold ; vest pocket size ;
convenient for reference.
Sent to any address, postpaid,
for One Dollar
THE GREGG PUBLISHING CO.

151 Wabash Ave., Chicago 1123 Broadway, New York

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, RESEARCH LIBRARIES

A LIGHT LINE PHONOGRAPHY

JOHN ROBERT GREGG

THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY

NEW YORK Gft) CHICAGO

Copyright, 1901, by John R. Gregg

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1893,

"indited in the United States of America, Great Britain and

Advice to the Student xvii

The Combinations Ng and Nk 30

Disjoined Affixes 120

The system of shorthand presented in this manual is now

taught in more than double the number of representative public

any other text-book on shorthand. When it is remembered

consequently attracted little attention except from a few earnest

Within six months from the publication of the system in this

The distinctive features of the book may be summed up as-

the long, pedantic discussions about "

(b) It presented but

from the "Learner's," "Corresponding," and "Reporting" styles

(d) No word was given in the exercises which would be mate

An important innovation is the introduction of phrase- writing

wards obtain an easy command of phrase-writing. By using

convey impression of artistic ease of execution that is a con

stant source of inspiration and encouragement to the student.

the subject, and in the arrangement of the exercises which

my long experience as a teacher has given me a distinct advan

tage over most authors in enabling me to understand the needs

of both teacher and student, and it is my intention to spare

publications of the system as nearly perfect as possible.

gratitude to the countless teachers and writers of Gregg Short

All history has shown that when a limit to

paralleled success of its writers. For half a century clever pho-

theory of the author is that the trend of shorthand progress

ordinary writing. In this there is a great and obvious advan

This great and vital distinction marks the difference between

is meant Isaac Pitman, Benn Pitman, Graham, Munson, Longley,

racy and hesitancy in the Pitmanic systems. Owing to the awk

place under pressure of rapid execution. In contrast with this

formity of movement and the prevalence of curves in the Gregg

be written. In these experiments the results of the investiga

writing. When he was almost disheartened, there came to him

alphabet that would endure. The alphabet of Gregg Shorthand

guage and the movements used in ordinary writing.

alphabetic characters would have entirely nullified in practice

system. But even a cursory glance at the alphabet will show

carefully thought out in accordance with the respective values

def dev, jent, fend. Hitherto it has been customary in short

as they have appropriately been termed, by special rules and

far-fetched devices, -with, innumerable "exceptions," and the

recognizes the truth that the same sounds should always be

represented by characters or signs which are both written and

system, and renders its acquisition a comparatively easy task.

investigator be with the Gregg alphabet as a marvelous welding

SYNOPSIS OF LEADING PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE.

ten either light or heavy.

(2) Written on the Slope of Longhand, thus

(5) Angles are Rare. —

govern ordinary writing. By a practical combination of these

only be obtained with the old methods by years of painstaking,