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Tutorial N°2 Fluid Mechanics

This document contains 5 exercises regarding fluid flow concepts: 1) The first exercise asks about a steady 2D velocity field and identifies a stagnation point where the flow velocity is zero. 2) The second exercise considers flow through a converging duct and asks the reader to calculate material acceleration, pressure change, and streamlines. 3) The third exercise models flow through a diffuser and asks for an equation describing centerline speed. 4) The fourth exercise models converging duct flow and asks for an equation relating a particle's initial and final positions. 5) The final exercise considers a general 2D linear velocity field and asks several questions about its properties.

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140 views2 pages

Tutorial N°2 Fluid Mechanics

This document contains 5 exercises regarding fluid flow concepts: 1) The first exercise asks about a steady 2D velocity field and identifies a stagnation point where the flow velocity is zero. 2) The second exercise considers flow through a converging duct and asks the reader to calculate material acceleration, pressure change, and streamlines. 3) The third exercise models flow through a diffuser and asks for an equation describing centerline speed. 4) The fourth exercise models converging duct flow and asks for an equation relating a particle's initial and final positions. 5) The final exercise considers a general 2D linear velocity field and asks several questions about its properties.

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NCHE BORIS
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© © All Rights Reserved
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TUTORIAL N°2:

Exercise 1:
Consider the following steady, two-dimensional velocity field:

 
V   u, v   a 2   b  cx  i   2cby  2c 2 xy  j
2

Is there a stagnation point in this flow field? If so, where is it?

Exercise 2:
Consider steady, incompressible, two-dimensional flow through a converging duct (Fig.1). A
simple approximate velocity field for this flow is
V   u, v    U 0  bx  i  byj
where U0 is the horizontal speed at x  0 . Note that this
equation ignores viscous effects along the walls but is a
reasonable approximation throughout the majority of the
flow field.
1- Calculate the material acceleration for fluid particles
passing through this duct. Give your answer in two
ways:
a. As acceleration components ax and ay
b. As acceleration vector a . Fig1 :
2- If the pressure field is given by

P  P0  2U bx  b
2 0
2
x 2
 y 2  
where P0 is the pressure at x  0 . Generate an expression for the rate of change of pressure
following a fluid particle.
3- Generate an analytical expression for the flow streamlines.

Exercise 3:
Consider steady flow of air through the
diffuser portion of a wind tunnel (Fig.2).
Along the centerline of the diffuser, the air
speed decreases from U entrance to U exit as
sketched. Measurements reveal that the
centerline air speed decreases parabolically
through the diffuser. Write an equation for
centerline speed U  x  , based on the
parameters given here, from x  0 to Fig2 :

x  L.

1
Exercise 4:
Converging duct flow is modeled by the steady, two
dimensional velocity field of Exercise 2. A fluid
particle (A) is located on the x-axis at x  x A at
time t  0 (Fig.3). At some later time t , the fluid
particle has moved downstream with the flow to
some new location x  x A ' , as shown in the figure.
Since the flow is symmetric about the x-axis, the
fluid particle remains on the x-axis at all times.
Generate an analytical expression for the x-location
of the fluid particle at some arbitrary time t in terms
of its initial location x A and constants U0 and b .
In other words, develop an expression for x A ' . Fig3 :

Exercise 5:
A general equation for a steady, two-dimensional velocity field that is linear in both spatial
directions (x and y) is:
V   u, v    U  a1 x  b1 y  i  V  a2 x  b2 y  j
where U and V and the coefficients are constants. Their dimensions are assumed to be
appropriately defined.
1- Calculate the x- and y-components of the acceleration field.
2- What relationship must exist between the coefficients to ensure that the flow field is
incompressible?
3- Calculate the linear strain rates in the x- and y-directions.
4- Calculate the shear strain rate in the xy-plane.
5- Combine your results from questions 3 and 4 to form the two-dimensional strain rate
tensor  ij in the xy-plane,

  xx  xy 
 ij   
  yy 
 xy
Under what conditions would the x- and y-axes be principal axes?

6- Calculate the vorticity vector. In which direction does the vorticity vector point?

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