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Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Science Notes - Chapter 1

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Yash Ardeshna

This document discusses nutrition in plants. It explains that living organisms require food to survive and plants get their food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant leaves and uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. The document also describes different modes of nutrition like autotrophs that produce their own food, heterotrophs that rely on other organisms for food, and parasites, saprotrophs, and insectivorous plants that get nutrients in alternative ways.

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Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Science Notes - Chapter 1

Uploaded by

Yash Ardeshna
226 views5 pages
This document discusses nutrition in plants. It explains that living organisms require food to survive and plants get their food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant leaves and uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. The document also describes different modes of nutrition like autotrophs that produce their own food, heterotrophs that rely on other organisms for food, and parasites, saprotrophs, and insectivorous plants that get nutrients in alternative ways.

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NUTRITION IN PLANTS NOTES

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This document discusses nutrition in plants. It explains that living organisms require food to survive and plants get their food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant leaves and uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. The document also describes different modes of nutrition like autotrophs that produce their own food, heterotrophs that rely on other organisms for food, and parasites, saprotrophs, and insectivorous plants that get nutrients in alternative ways.

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© All Rights Reserved
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
226 views5 pages

Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Science Notes - Chapter 1

Uploaded by

Yash Ardeshna
This document discusses nutrition in plants. It explains that living organisms require food to survive and plants get their food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant leaves and uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. The document also describes different modes of nutrition like autotrophs that produce their own food, heterotrophs that rely on other organisms for food, and parasites, saprotrophs, and insectivorous plants that get nutrients in alternative ways.

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Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Science Notes - Chapter 1

Introduction to Nutrition in Plants

Living and Non-Living Organisms

 Living organisms like human beings, plants and animals need food to survive and
exist.
 Living organisms reproduce, respond to the environment and also adapt.
 Living organisms respire and excrete as well.

Cells
Cells are tiny units that help make up a living organism. Hence, they are also called building
blocks of an organism.

 A cell is constituted of three major parts :


 A thin outer layer called the cell membrane.
 A spherical structure located at the centre of the cell called a nucleus.
 A jelly-like substance that surrounds a nucleus called the cytoplasm.
To know more about Cell, visit here.

Single and Multi-Cellular Organisms

 Organisms that are made up of just one cell are called single-celled or Unicellular
organisms. E.g.  Amoeba
 Organisms with more than one cell in their body are called multicellular
organisms.
 All human beings, plants and animals are multicellular organisms.
To know the difference between Unicellular and Muti-Cellular Organisms, visit here.

Nutrition
Nutrition is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation by the body.

 Nutrition is very important as the nutrients from the food consumed enables living
organisms to build their bodies and grow.
 Nutrition helps to repair damaged parts and organs.
 Nutrition also provides energy for carrying out various functions.

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs


Organisms that make food themselves are called autotrophs.

 Plants are an example of autotrophs as they make their own food using carbon
dioxide, water and light energy.
Organisms that rely on others and usually take in ready-made food made by the autotrophs are
called  heterotrophs.

 Animals and human beings are an example of heterotrophs as they depend on


plants in many ways for their food.
To know the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs, visit here.

Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process of synthesis of food by green plants.

 This process usually takes place in the leaves of plants.


 The process requires chlorophyll (green coloured pigment), sunlight, carbon
dioxide and water. 

Organelles

 Organelles are tiny cellular structures inside a cell and perform specific functions
that are important for the cell.
 They are found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
 E.g. Chloroplast is the cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts

 The chloroplast is a type of organelle that exists in plants.


 These organelles contain chlorophyll, the green coloured pigment that is
responsible for carrying out the process of photosynthesis in plants.

Chlorophyll

 Chlorophyll is the pigment that is responsible for the synthesis of food in green
plants.
 This pigment green colour to its bearers and is abundantly found in leaves.
 Chlorophyll is locked inside the chloroplast.

Process of Photosynthesis
The process of photosynthesis takes place in the leaves, the “food factory” of the plants.

 Carbon dioxide is taken in through tiny pores on the leaves called stomata.
 Water and minerals that are required for the process are transported to the
leaves from the roots through the stem.
 Chlorophyll helps the leaves use the energy from the sunlight to prepare food
using the carbon dioxide, water and minerals.
 Oxygen is released as a by-product  of this process.
 The equation can be given as:
Nutrients Being Replenished in Soil

Nutrients

 Plants absorb mineral nutrients from the soil in order to make their own food and
for other important processes.
 Soils need to be enriched with nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
etc regularly.
 Only then can we grow plants and keep them healthy.
 There are 17 most important nutrients for plants.
 6 are called macronutrients and rest are called micronutrients.
 Macronutrients are required in large quantities while micronutrients are required
in very small quantities.

Other Modes of Nutrition

Symbiotic Relationship
Organisms that live together and share their shelter and nutrients are said to be in a symbiotic
relationship.

 Certain fungi live in the roots of trees.


 The tree provides nutrients to the fungus and, in return, receives help from it to
take up water and nutrients from the soil.
 This association works well for both the fungi and the tree.
 Another most common example is of Rhizobium bacteria.
 They reside in the root nodules of leguminous plants.
 The bacteria provide a plant with nitrogen that they fix and in turn, they get
shelter and food from the plant.

Rhizobium

 Rhizobium is a type of bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a soluble


form that can be utilised by plants (nitrogen fixation).
 It usually resides in the roots of leguminous plants like peas, gram, moong etc
and is instrumental in providing these plants with a rich source of nitrogen.

Nitrogen Fixation

 Nitrogen is an important nutrient required for soil and for plants.


 However, nitrogen in the atmosphere is not easily accessible.
The process by which nitrogen is converted into a form that can be used by plants and
other living organisms is called nitrogen fixation.

Parasites
A  parasite is a heterotroph that completely depends on another organism for its food.

 The organism to which the parasite latches onto is called the host.


 The host, in the process, is deprived of all nutrients for its own growth as they are
consumed by the parasite.
 For example, Cuscuta (Amarbel) is a nongreen plant that takes readymade food
from the plant on which it is growing.

Saprotrophs
Organisms which rely on dead and decaying matter for their food are called Saprotrophs.

 This mode of nutrition is called saprotrophic nutrition.


 For example, Fungi.
 Fungi secrete digestive juices on the dead and decaying matter and convert it
into a solution.
 Then they absorb the nutrients from it.

Insectivorous Plants
Plants that feed on insects are called Insectivorous plants.

 These plants are green and carry out photosynthesis.


 But, they grow in nitrogen-deficient soils.
 So, in order to get nitrogen, they feed on insects.
 These insectivorous plants have their parts modified for attracting and catching
insects.
 For example, The pitcher plant, Venous flytrap

Did You Know?

Cactus Plants

 Most of the photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of green plants.


 However, in case of some desert plants, it takes place in their stem and even
branches.
 Cacti are found in the desert and their leaves are modified to spines to avoid loss
of water due to transpiration.
 Therefore, their green stems enable them to carry out the process of
photosynthesis.
 

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