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Practical 1 Linux Distributions

This document introduces different Linux distributions including Debian-based, RPM-based, and other distributions. It discusses popular distributions such as Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Arch Linux, Slackware Linux, and Gentoo Linux. It also summarizes popular desktop environments including KDE, Gnome, Cinnamon, Xfce, and LXde. The document provides an overview of the package management systems and requirements of different Linux distributions.

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Vishal Birajdar
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195 views7 pages

Practical 1 Linux Distributions

This document introduces different Linux distributions including Debian-based, RPM-based, and other distributions. It discusses popular distributions such as Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Arch Linux, Slackware Linux, and Gentoo Linux. It also summarizes popular desktop environments including KDE, Gnome, Cinnamon, Xfce, and LXde. The document provides an overview of the package management systems and requirements of different Linux distributions.

Uploaded by

Vishal Birajdar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical 1:

Aim: Introduction to Different Distributions of Linux.

 Debian Based Linux Distributions


The deb package type was created in 1993 for the Debian Linux
distribution. Debian is one of oldest Linux distributions and it's a very
popular choice on which new distributions are based. Popular
distributions that use .deb packages include:
1. Debian
2. Ubuntu
3. Linux Mint
4. SteamOS

1.Debian
In 1993 Ian Murdock announced a new Linux distribution that was to be
developed openly with the GNU philosophy. Ian gave his distribution
the name Debian, which is a combination of his girlfriend's name Debra
and his own name. At first, it was a small project, but today Debian is
one of the biggest open source projects in existence.
Debian is a universal operating system and supports almost all CPU
architectures, and it is a very popular in the server space. Although
Debian is known for rock solid stable software, there are variants. There
is Debian old stable, stable, testing, unstable and experimental. As you
go from old stable to experimental, you find newer and less stable
software. As for package management, Debian uses two package
managers, apt and aptitude.

2.Ubuntu
Announced in 2004, Ubuntu is based on Debian unstable. Ubuntu is the
most widely used and most popular Linux distribution today. It's also the
Linux distribution surrounded by the most controversies. Ubuntu started
with the Gnome desktop, but a few years ago Ubuntu developed its own
desktop environment named Unity. The Ubuntu installation process is
easy and thus is popular with those new to Linux. Ubuntu uses apt and
its graphical fronted Ubuntu Software Center for package management.

3.Linux Mint
Linux Mint is a popular distribution based on Ubuntu. Mint started out
simply being Ubuntu with pre-installed multimedia codecs and
proprietary drivers. However, it has since grown and is a very popular
alternative to Ubuntu.

 RPM Based Linux Distributions


RedHat created the rpm package format for use in its distribution.
Popular RPM based distributions include:

1. RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)


2. CentOS / CentOS Stream
3. Oracle Linux
4. Fedora
5. OpenSuse
6. Mageia
7. AlmaLinux
8. Rocky Linux

 Fedora
Fedora is the upstream of the commercial RedHat Enterprise Linux
distribution, or RHEL for short. What makes Fedora special is it uses
newer technology and packages from the open source world than RHEL.
Fedora, like RHEL, uses the yum package manager.

 OpenSuse
OpenSuse started out a German translation of Slackware Linux, but
eventually grew into its own distribution. OpenSuse is known for the
KDE desktop and stability. For package management OpenSuse uses
zypper and its graphical fronted, the Yast software center.

 Mageia
Mageia Linux is an fairly new Linux distribution that is based on
Mandrake Linux. Mageia is easy to install and easy to use. Mageia
utilizes urpmi and drakrpm for package management.

 Other Linux distributions


 Arch Linux
Arch Linux uses pkg.tar.xz packages and has it's own package manager
called pacman. Arch does not come with a graphical installer and the
whole installation process is done via a terminal. This can be
intimidating for new Linux users. The main philosophy behind Arch is
KISS – keep it simple, stupid. Arch has been forked in some popular
beginner-friendly distributions such as Manjaro Linux.

 Slackware Linux
Founded in 1992 by Patrick Volkerding, Slackware is the oldest Linux
distribution in use today. Slackware does not have a package manager
and all the software is compiled by the system administrator or normal
users of the system. Slackware packages are simply source code. If you
really want to learn a lot about the Linux really works, use Slackware.

 Gentoo Linux
Gentoo is based on the portage package management system. Gentoo
can be difficult to install and can even take as long as a couple of days to
complete the entire installation process. The advantage of such an
approach is that the software is built for the specific hardware that it will
be running on. Like Slackware, Portage uses application source code. If
you like the idea of Gentoo, but are looking for something beginner-
friendly, try Sabayon.

 Graphical User Environments


When choosing the right Linux distribution for you, it can be confusing
given the variety of choices in desktop managers. While Microsoft
Windows users only have one desktop manager, Linux users can chose
their desktop environment. The desktop environment, or the graphical
user interface (GUI), is what is displayed on the monitor. Said another
way, it's how the system looks. Popular desktop managers include KDE,
Gnome, Xfce, Cinnamon and LXDE.

 KDE
KDE was created in 1996 and is probably the most advanced desktop
manager on the market. By default KDE includes several applications
that every user needs for a complete desktop environment. KDE has
some features that are not available in other desktop managers. The
KDE workspace is called Plasma. Combine Plasma with the other KDE
applications and you get what is called the KDE software compilation,
or KDE SC for short.

Popular distributions that use KDE include:

1. OpenSuse
2. Slackware
3. Linux Mint
4. Kubuntu
5. Mageia

 Gnome
Gnome is an desktop manager made for the community and by the
community. This is a great example of how the open source community
works. Gnome can easily be expanded with the use of plug-ins. It doesn't
require a lot of resources and can be a great choice for older and slower
hardware. Popular distributions that use Gnome include:

 Debian
 OpenSuse
 Fedora
 CentOS
 RHEL

 Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a fork of the Gnome desktop manager and is developed by
the Linux Mint community. It recreates the look of Gnome 2 with an
modern touch. The minimum system requirements for Cinnamon are the
same as they are for Gnome.

 Xfce
Xfce is an excellent choice for older computers. Light and fast are Xfce's
two biggest features. The system requirements are a measly 300Mhz
CPU and 192Mb of RAM. Popular distributions that use Xfce include:

 Debian
 Xubuntu
 Fedora
 OpenSuse

 LXDE
LXDE is an another fast and light desktop manager. Based on the
OpenBox windows manager, LXDE is suitable for old computers.
Popular distributions using LXDE include:

 Lubuntu
 Debian
 OpenSuse
 Linux Mint

 Unity
Unity was developed by Canonical for their Ubuntu Linux distribution.
To date, Ubuntu is the only distribution that uses Unity. Unity requires
greater hardware resources than most graphical environments. You'll
need a 1 GHz CPU and 1Gb RAM in order to get Unity to work. With
those specs, Unity will be so slow that it's almost unusable. For Unity,
the more RAM and CPU, the better.

Conclusion : In this way ,We studied about Different Distributions of


Linux.

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