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DFC20123 - Topic 2 - 1

The document discusses key concepts in relational databases including: - Relational databases organize data into related tables and use relational database management systems (RDBMS). - The main components of a relational database are relations (tables), tuples (rows), attributes (columns), and domains. Each relation has a primary key to uniquely identify tuples. - Relational databases support integrity rules like entity integrity and referential integrity to maintain data accuracy.

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32 views15 pages

DFC20123 - Topic 2 - 1

The document discusses key concepts in relational databases including: - Relational databases organize data into related tables and use relational database management systems (RDBMS). - The main components of a relational database are relations (tables), tuples (rows), attributes (columns), and domains. Each relation has a primary key to uniquely identify tuples. - Relational databases support integrity rules like entity integrity and referential integrity to maintain data accuracy.

Uploaded by

Zoro Ro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DFC20203

Database Design

Topic 2: Relational Data Model


2.1 Explain Relational Databases

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2.0 Relational Data Model

1. Explain Relational Databases CLO 1


Relational databases Apply fundamentals of DBMS, relational data
RDBMS packages model and normalization concepts in database
Relational database components
development process.

Applications areas of RDBMS


Properties of tables Show a well-structured database using the
database query to manipulate a database with
Characteristics of relation scheme
an appropriate commercial Database
Relation instance Management System (DBMS) in solving an
Relation keys organization’s requirement.
Integrity rules

2. Explain Operators of Relational Algebra


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2
“ RELATIONAL DATABASES
Data organized into rows and columns all of
the data stored in a column should be in the
same domain.

RDBMS
Type of DBMS that stores data in the form of
related tables which promoting easier database
design, implementation, management and use.
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RDBMS Packages

Microsoft
Oracle SQL Server IBM DB2

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Relational database
components
RELATION Table composed of rows and columns
TUPLE Row of record in a relation
ATTRIBUTE Column or field in a relation
CARDINALITY Number of tuple in a relation
DEGREE Number of attributes in a relation
DOMAIN Pools of values of specific attributes of relation
PRIMARY KEY Unique identifier of tuple in a relation
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Relational database
components
Attributes

Relation COURSE
CourseCode CourseName CourseCredit
DFC20123 Database Design 3 Tuples
Primary Key
DFC20113 Programming Fundamentals 3

Domain

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Application areas of RDBMS

Airlines Banking

Universities Telecommunications
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Properties of table in a
relational database

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Relation scheme
What is
Relation A named of relation defined by set of Common convention:
Scheme? attributes and domain. Relation Name(attribute-1, attribute-2,…attribute-n);

• Relation name Example:


• relation name is distinct from all other relation name. Branch (branchNo, street, city, postcode)
• Attribute name * Primary key is underlined

• Each attribute has a distinct name


• Order of attributes has no significance
• Order of tuples has no significance
• Domain
• Values of an attributes are all from the same domain.

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Relation instance
What is
Relation Example:
Instance? A tuple at a specific moment of time. Branch (branchNo, street, city, postcode)
• Primary key is underlined

• The relation instance change when tuple is updated, The relation instance for branch is:
deleted or inserted. (B123, Jalan Merak, Sibu, 96000)
(B124, Jalan Oya, Mukah, 96400)

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Relation key
Primary Key

Foreign Key

Candidate
Key

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Relation key
Primary Key

Foreign Key

Candidate
Key

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Relation key
Primary Key

Foreign Key

Candidate
Key

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Integrity rules
Constraint or restriction that applies to all instances of the
database.
Entity Integrity Referential Integrity

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THANKS!
Any questions?

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