Data & Probability Formulae

𝑖 𝑁
1. 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝐿 + ( − 𝑐)
𝑓 2
∑ 𝑓𝑥 ∑𝑥
2. 𝑥̅ = OR 𝑥̅ =
∑𝑓 𝑛
∑ 𝑥2 ∑𝑥 2
∑(𝑥𝑖 −𝑥̅)2
3. 𝜎 =√
𝑛
OR 𝜎 = √ 𝑛
−(
𝑛
)
 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 2
4. 𝜎 = √ ∑𝑓
− (∑ )
𝑓

𝑛1 ̅̅̅̅
𝑥1 −𝑛2 ̅̅̅̅
𝑥2
̅
5. 𝑋 =
𝑛1 +𝑛2
∑ 𝑓(𝑥−𝑥̅)
6. Mean Deviation= ∑𝑓
 2 2 2 2
𝑛1 𝜎1 +𝑛2 𝜎2 +𝑛1 𝑑1 +𝑛1 𝑑2
7. 𝜎12 = √ 𝑛1 +𝑛2
1
8. 𝐶𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)(𝑌 − 𝑌̅)
𝑛
∑(𝑥−𝑥̅)(𝑦−𝑦̅)
9. 𝑟 =
𝑛𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
∑(𝑥−𝑥̅)(𝑦−𝑦̅)
10. 𝑟 = 2 2
√∑(𝑥−𝑥̅) ∑(𝑦−𝑦̅)
 𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦−∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
11. 𝑟 = √ 2 2 2 2
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 −(∑ 𝑥) √𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 −(∑ 𝑦)
6∑𝑑 2
12. 𝑟 = 1 − 2
𝑛(𝑛 −1)
13. 𝑟 = ±√𝑏𝑥𝑦 𝑏𝑦𝑥
1
14. Correction factor = 12 (𝑚 − 𝑚)
3

𝜎𝑥 𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦−∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
15. 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 𝑟 6𝑦
=
∑ 2
𝑛 𝑦 − 𝑦(∑ )2
 𝜎𝑦 𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦−∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
16. 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟 𝜎𝑥
= 2
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 −(∑ 𝑥) 2
𝐶𝑜𝑣(𝑋,𝑌)
17. ̅
𝑌−𝑌 = 2 (𝑋 − ̅
𝑋 )
𝜎𝑥
𝜎𝑥
= 𝑟 (𝑋 − 𝑋) ̅
𝜎𝑦
𝐶𝑜𝑣(𝑋,𝑌)
18. 𝑋 − 𝑋̅ = 2 (𝑌 − ̅
𝑌 )
𝜎𝑥
𝜎𝑦
=𝑟 (𝑌 − 𝑌̅)
𝜎𝑥
 𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
19. 𝑏𝑥𝑦 × 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 𝑟 ×𝑟
𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥
20. ∑ 𝑦 = 𝑛𝑎 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥
2
21. ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎 ∑ 𝑥 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥
( ̅ )
22. 𝑌 − 𝑌 = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑋 − 𝑋)̅
( ̅ )
23. 𝑋 − 𝑋 = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑌 − 𝑌)̅
Probability Formulae
1. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝐴 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
2. 𝑃( ⁄𝐵) = and
𝑃(𝐵)
𝐵 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
3. 𝑃( ⁄𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐴)
′
4. 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 1
𝑛(𝐴)
5. 𝑃(𝐴) =
𝑛(𝑆)
Coordinate Geometry Formulae
1. 𝐷 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) 2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 ) 2 + (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 ) 2
𝑚1 𝑥2 +𝑚2 𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2 +𝑚2 𝑦1 𝑚1 𝑧2 +𝑚2 𝑧1
2. (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = ( , , )
𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝑚1 +𝑚2
3. If 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 𝑧 = 0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Then = =
𝑏1 𝑐2 −𝑏2 𝑐1 𝑐1 𝑎2 −𝑎1 𝑐2 𝑎1 𝑏2 −𝑏1 𝑎2
Angles between two planes
𝑎1 𝑎2 +𝑏1 𝑏2 +𝑐1 𝑐2
4. cos 𝜃 = ±
2 2 2 2 2 2
√𝑎1 +𝑏1 +𝑐1 √𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐2
Algebra Related Formulae
2 2
1. 𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
2 2 2
2. (𝑎 + 𝑏) = (𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 )
2 2 2
3. (𝑎 − 𝑏) = (𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 )
4. In the quadratic equation,
2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, then
2
√𝑏 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=±
2𝑎
 𝑖+𝑗
5. 𝐶𝑖𝑗 / 𝐴𝑖𝑗 = (−1 𝑀𝑖𝑗 )
−1 −1
6. 𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴 𝐴 = 𝐼
−1 1
7. 𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗. 𝐴
𝐴
′
8. 𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒:
𝐷𝑥 𝐷𝑦 𝐷𝑧
𝑥 = , 𝑦 = , and 𝑧 = ,
𝐷 𝐷 𝐷
𝑛! 𝑛!
9. 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = ( and 𝑛𝐶𝑟 =
𝑛−𝑟 )! 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟 )!
Calculas Formulae
𝑛 ′ 𝑛−1
1. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑛𝑥
′
2. If 𝑦 = 𝑐. 𝑓(𝑥 ), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑓′(𝑥)
′ 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
3. If 𝑦 = 𝑢 ± 𝑣, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = ±
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
′ 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
4. If 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑢 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑢 𝑣 −𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
′ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5. If 𝑦 = , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 2 = ×
𝑣 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Complex Number Formulae
1. 𝑟= √𝑎
+ 2 𝑏 2
𝑏 𝑏
2. tan 𝜃 = ⇒ 𝜃 = tan ( )
𝑎 𝑎
3. If 𝑧 = 𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃), then
𝑛 𝑛
𝑧 = 𝑟 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
1 1
2𝑘𝜋+0 2𝑘𝜋+0
4. 𝑧 = 𝑟
𝑛 𝑛 (cos ( ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ))
𝑛 𝑛
Where 𝑘 = 0,1,2,3,4,5, … … . . 𝑛 − 1)
 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐶
Sine Law: = =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
2 2 2
Cosine Law: 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶
2 2 2
𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
2 2 2
𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
𝐴−𝐵
𝑎−𝑏 tan( )
Tangent Law: 𝑎+𝑏 = ( 2
𝐴+𝐵)
tan( )
2
𝐵−𝐶
𝑏−𝑐 tan ( )
=( 2 )
𝑏+𝑐 𝐵+𝐶
tan ( )
2
 𝐶−𝐴
𝑐−𝑎 tan ( )
=( 2 )
𝑐+𝑎 𝐶+𝐴
tan ( )
2
Trigonometry Ratios Trigonometric ratios are
the ratios between sides of
Opposite

a right-angled triangles.

𝜃
Adjacent
• There are six trig ratios in which three
are primary trig ratios and other three are the
reciprocal of the three primary trig ratios.
• Three Primary Trig Ratios are:
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑂
• 1). Sine𝜃 = OR Sin𝜃=
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐻
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴
• 2). Cosine𝜃= OR Cos𝜃=
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐻
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑂
3). Tangent𝜃 = OR Tan𝜃 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴
 Relationship between Trig Ratios
1). Reciprocal Relations
1 1
i). Cosec𝜃= ii). Sec𝜃=
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
1
iii). Cot𝜃=
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
2) Quotient Relations
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
i). tan𝜃= ii). Cot𝜃=
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
 3) Square Relations
2 2
i). Sin 𝜃+Cos 𝜃 = 1
2 2
ii). Sec 𝜃 = 1+tan 𝜃
2 2
iii). Cosec 𝜃 = 1+Cot 𝜃
Relation between Radians and Degrees
180° 𝜋
1radian= and 1° =
𝜋 180°
*Length of an arc of a circle
can be calculated by: 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
𝑠
and its angle by: 𝜃 =
𝑟
Formula to find the Area of a
sector a circle is given by 𝐴 =
1 2 1
𝑟 𝜃 OR 𝐴 = 𝑟𝑠
2 2
 Explore to Learn More!!!
“Math is not about Performing.
It is about understanding”
Math is Fun if learned with keen
interest and enthusiasm.
Math is a Magic as it brings immense
joy and pride when getting an answer.
EXPLORE & THINK DEEPLY.