A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

3D POV Display

Submitted by

Bansode Prathmesh Baswant

Patil Rahul Ashok

Under the Guidance of

Prof. D.U.Chavan

DEPARTMENT OF E&TC ENGINEERING

Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur.

Academic Year
2019-2020
 Dr. J. J. Magdum Trust’s
Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering,
Jaysingpur – 416 101.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that,
Mr.Bansode Prathmesh B. , Mr.Patil Rahul A.
has satisfactorily completed the project / seminar work
entitled “3D POV Display” in partial fulfillment for award
of Bachelor of Engineering Degree in E&TC by Shivaji
University, Kolhapur.

Guide Head,
Prof. D.U.Chavan Dept. of E&TC Engg.

Principal External Examiner

Dr.D.N.Mudgal
 Dr. J. J. Magdum Trust‟s
Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering,
Jaysingpur – 416 101.
Department of E&TC Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the project work entitled
“3D POV Display” is presented before departmental
research committee (DRC) by, Mr. Bansode Prathmesh B.
and Mr. Patil Rahul A. under the guidance of
Prof.D.U.Chavan for the academic year 2019-2020
The DRC has approved the said project.

Head,
Departmental Research Committee
Department of E&TC Engineering
 Acknowledgement

First of all I would like to thank Prof. Chavan D. U. who is presently working as a
professor of Electronics Department, Dr J J magdum college of engineering for guiding me
through this project work. I am extremely grateful to her for all his invaluable guidance and
kind suggestions during all the phases of my project work. Her ever encouraging attitude,
guidance and whole hearted help were biggest motivation for me in completing this project
work.
I am thankful to the Chairman Mr. Veejhay J. Magdum of Dr. J. J. Magdum Trust,
Jaysingpur, for their encouragement. I am very grateful to Dr.D.N.Mudgal, Principal of Dr.
J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur for motivating me for this project work.
Also I am thankful to Prof.Mrs.Mohite T. H., Head, Department of E & TC Engineering
for providing necessary facilities for completion of this project/seminar work.
I am also thankful to Mr. Kolap M. , Mrs. Mahadik S. & Mrs.D.U.Chavan project
work for supporting me in completion of this project work.
Lastly I thank all the persons who have guided and helped me directly or indirectly.

Roll no Name Sign

26 Bansode Prathmesh B
27 Patil Rahul A

i
 Contents

Ch. No. Topic Page No.

Acknowledgement i
Content ii
Abstract iii
List of Tables iv
List of Figures v
List of Abbreviations vi
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Pov display 5
1.3 Objective of project 5
1.4 Outlines of project 5
1.5 Purpose of project 5
1.6 Goal of project 6
1.7 Functions of project 6

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7-11

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY: MATHEMATICAL /

EXPERIMENTAL / STUDY TYPE
3.1 Introduction 12
3.2 Block diagram 13
3.3 Block description 14-15
3.4 Hardware design 16-20
3.5 Hardware description 21-29
3.6 Design Details 30-31
3.7 Testing procedure 32-33
3.8 Output 34
Chapter 4 CONCLUSIONS 35-37
FUTURE SCOPE 38-39
REFERENCES 40-41
ii
 ABSTRACT

Our project features a spinning ring of addresable RGB Light Emitting Diodes
(LEDs) capable of producing a Persistence of Vision (POV) effect. This effect refers to the
optical illusion that occurs when multiple discrete images blend into a single image or
animation. The ring of LEDs is able to show images at a rate of 24 frames per second
(FPS), which produces cinema-like smoothness and clarity. A POV display has many
advantages over a traditional CRT, LCD or LED display, like power savings, less
complexity, easy configuration, attractiveness etc. To overcome the drawback of old
processor we have decided to implement the same display atop a new and advanced
microprocessor, the Arduino nano. This platform brings with it newer coding and a
different understanding of peripherals. ARDUINO INTERFACE BOARDS provide us
with a low-cost, easy-to use technology to create the project. We also aim to build the
newer display to work with modern forms of interfaces. To accomplish this, we will be
interfacing the display with an Android device. This project can be implemented with help
of any Android Smartphone/tablet running on Android 4.0

iii
 List of Tables

Table No. Title of Table Page No.

Table 3.4.2.1 Desired FPS 28

iv
 List of Figures

Figure No. Title of Figure Page No.

Fig 3.2.1 block diagram 13

Fig 3.4.1 System overview 16
Fig 3.4.2 FPGA Design 17
Fig 3.4.3 LED array 18
Fig 3.5.1 Arduino nano 21
Fig 3.5.2 ESP8266 23
Fig 3.5.3 DC motor 24
Fig 3.5.4 LED Strip 25
Fig 3.5.5 APA102 25
Fig 3.5.5.1 Wireless module 26
Fig 3.5.5.2 Inductive module 27
Fig 3.5.6 Power supply 28
Fig 3.5.7.1 Power module 29
Fig 3.9 Output 33

v
 Abbreviations

Abbreviations Description of Abbreviations

FPS Frame Per Second.
POV Persistence Of Vision
RPM revolutions per minutes

vi
 3D POV Display

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

As we live in 3D world in it . It is possible to build 3d holograms which build air

projection of that object which will be appear as that display as in air .The purpose of this
project is to design and create a persistence of vision (POV) display. The display will
allow the users to upload an image to be displayed through the wireless communication.
A persistence of vision (POV) refers to the phenomenon of the human eye in which an
afterimage exists for a brief time (10ms). A POV display exploits this phenomena by
spinning in one dimensional row of LED‟s through a two dimensional space at such a
high frequency that a two dimensional display is visible.
Persistence of vision traditionally refers to the optical illusion that occurs when
visual perception of an object does not cease for some time after the rays of light
proceeding from it have ceased to enter the eye. The illusion has also been described as
"retinal persistence persistence of impressions", simply "persistence" and other variations.
According to this definition, the illusion would be the same as, or very similar to positive
afterimages.
" Persistence of vision" can also be understood to mean the same as "flicker
fusion",the effect that vision seems to persist continuously although the necessary stream of
light is repeatedly interrupted for very brief instances and thus enters the eyes
intermittently.
Consumer electronic companies have created one degree of freedom POV displays
and usually sell them as clocks. Engineers have created 3D holograms using devices that
utilize only one degree of freedom. Others have created two degree of freedom POV
display, but they have not been able to create a smooth holographic image. We plan to take
these POV displays to the next level of complexity. Our design will include a spinning ring
of radiallyfacingout LEDs that will spin about an axis parallel to the XYplane. We will
then attach this spinning ring to another motor that will spin about the Zaxis. The ring will
have a spinning frequency of at least 30Hz to convey the persistence of vision concept.

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 3D POV Display

The Conventional methods of displaying images are by using LCD display or LED
board. Propeller display is a special type of circular display that projects an image as if the
images are floating in the air. This project was started with a simple principle which is
frequently happening in our day today life, which is Persistence of Vision (POV).
Whenever the light from an image strikes on the retina, the eye retains the impression of
that light for a particular fraction of seconds (1/16th) depending on the brightness of the
image even after the image has been removed from the human sight. The proposed work
virtual displays are used in order to reduce the number of LEDs. The propeller is subjected
to rotate above 1200 rpm to obtain virtual display.

The core phenomenon on which the entire project is based is the Persistence of
vision. Persistence of vision is the phenomenon pertaining to the human eye by which an
afterimage is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the
retina. The way this phenomenon of persistence of vision works is based on the belief
that human perception of motion (brain centered) is the result of persistence of vision
(eye centered). Any motion that we see around us is the direct implication of persistence
of vision phenomenon at work. Persistence of vision is still the accepted term for this
phenomenon in the realm of cinema history and theory. Blinky POV [10] is a
reprogrammable LED kit that uses persistence of vision to create the illusion of text or a
small picture floating in the air.

The purpose of this project is to design and create a persistence of vision (POV)
display. The display will allow the users to upload an image to be displayed through the
wireless communication. A persistence of vision (POV) refers to the phenomenon of the
human eye in which an afterimage exists for a brief time (10ms). A POV display exploits
this phenomena by spinning in one dimensional row of LED‟s through a two dimensional
space at such a high frequency that a two dimensional display is visible. The way this
phenomenon of persistence of vision works is based on the belief that human
perception of motion (brain centered) is the result of persistence of vision (eye
centered). Any motion that we see around us is the direct implication of persistence of
vision phenomenon at work. belief was debunked in 1912 by Wertheimer but
persists in many citations in many classic and modern film-theory texts. Persistence
of vision is still the accepted term for this phenomenon in the realm of cinema
history and theory. Blinky POV is a reprogrammable LED kit that uses persistence of
vision to create the illusion of text or a small picture floating in the air. In the past, it
was scientifically proven that a frame rate of less than 16 frames per second caused
the mind to see flashing images. People still identify motion at rates as low as ten .

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Brief history of POV display

Since its introduction, the term "persistence of vision" has been believed to be the
explanation for motion perception in optical toys like the phenakistiscope and the zoetrope, and
later in cinema. However, this theory has been disputed even before cinema was introduced in
1895. If "persistence of vision" is explained as "flicker fusion", it can be seen as an important factor
in the illusion of moving pictures in cinema and related optical toys, but not as its sole principle.
Some natural phenomena and the principles of some optical toys have been attributed to the
persistence of vision effect. Patrick d'Arcy recognized the effect in "the luminous ring that we see
by turning a torch quickly, the fire wheels in the fireworks, the flattened spindle shape we see in a
vibrating cord, the continuous circle we see in a cogwheel that turns with speed".[8] Basically
everything that resembles motion blur seen in fast moving objects could be regarded as "persistence
of vision".
Natural occurrences of POV display
1.1.1 Sparkler's trail effect
The fact that a glowing coal appears as a line of light when it is moved around quickly has often
been used to illustrate the idea of persistence of vision. It is known as the "sparkler's trail effect",
named after the trail that appears when a sparkler is moved around quickly.
The effect has been applied in the arts by writing or drawing with a light source recorded by a
camera with a long exposure time.
1.1.2 LED POV displays
The term "persistence of vision display" or "POV display" has been used for LED display devices
that compose images by displaying one spatial portion at a time in rapid succession (for example,
one column of pixels every few milliseconds. A two-dimensional POV display is often
accomplished by means of rapidly moving a single row of LEDs along a linear or circular path. The
effect is that the image is perceived as a whole by the viewer as long as the entire path is completed
during the visual persistence time of the human eye A further effect is often to give the illusion of
the image floating in mid-air. A three-dimensional POV display is often constructed using a 2D
grid of LEDs which is swept or rotated through a volume. POV display devices can be used in
combination with long camera exposures to produce light writing.
1.1.3 ADDRESABLE LED
Addressable LED are also known as Digital led. Digital RGB addressable LEDs contain
their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections
for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain.
Data sent to the first LED of the chain can control the brightness and color of each LED
independently of the others. They are used where a combination of maximum control and minimum
visible electronics are needed such as strings for Christmas and LED matrices. Some even have
refresh rates in the kHz range, allowing for basic video applications. These devices are known by
their part number (WS2812 being common) or a brand name such as NeoPixel.

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1.1.4 COLOR-TOP / NEWTON DISC

Colors on spinning tops or rotating wheels mix together if the motion is too fast to register
the details. A colored dot then appears as a circle and one line can make the whole surface appear in
one uniform hue.
The Newton disc optically mixes wedges of Isaac Newton's primary colors into one (off-)white
surface when it spins fast.

1.1.5 THAUMATROPE
In April 1825 the first Thaumatrope was published by W. Phillips (in anonymous
association with John Ayrton Paris) The fact that the pictures on either side of the twirling disc
seem to blend together into one image has often been used to illustrate the concept of persistence of
vision.

1.1.6 KALEIDOSCOPIC COLOUR-TOP

In April 1858 John Gorham patented his Kaleidoscopic colour-top. This is a top on which
two small discs are placed, usually one with colors and a black one with cut-out patterns. When the
discs spin and the top disc is retarded into regular jerky motions the toy exhibits "beautiful forms
which are similar to those of the kaleidoscope" with multiplied colours. Gorham described how the
colours appear mixed on the spinning top "from the duration of successive impressions on the
retina". Gorham founded the principle on "the well-known experiment of whirling a stick, ignited at
one end" (a.k.a. the sparkler's trail effect).

1.1.7 RUBBER PENCIL TRICK

A pencil or another rigid straight line can appear as bending and becoming rubbery when it
is wiggled fast enough between fingers, or otherwise undergoing rigid motion.
Persistence of vision has been discarded as sole cause of the illusion. It is thought that the eye
movements of the observer fail to track the motions of features of the object.
This effect is known as an entertaining "magic" trick for children.

1.2 pov display

Persistence of Vision (POV) display are a fun way to create interesting long exposure
photographs and light displays. The display consists of a single row of LEDs controlled by an
Arduino NANO. When the display is turned on it appears to be flickering in a random pattern,
but if we move it quickly back and forth, we will see text or an image appear. This 3D POV
display project is incredibly customizable & we can able to share any pictures or videos.

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1.3 objective of project

Our project focuses on meeting the tremendous growth of advertisement. Persistence of

vision (POV) provides a unique technique to display our messages for advertising in an
efficient way and proper utilization of provided space. It is much more attractive than LCD
displays or Dot Matrix displays for displaying messages. POV display is a trending in markets
. it is better way to show images as well as videos.

1. The purpose of this project is to design and create a persistence of vision (POV) display.

2. The display will allow the users to upload an image to be displayed through the wireless
communication.

3. A persistence of vision (POV) refers to the phenomenon of the human eye in which an
afterimage exists for a brief time (10ms).

4. A POV display exploits this phenomena by spinning in one dimensional row of LED‟s
through a two dimensional space at such a high frequency that a two dimensional display
is visible.

1.4 Outline of project

Our project focuses on the making the pov display which shows images as well as videos
.This display can be show images in air form which will look like holograms. that the image
diving in the air . which is hologram

1.5 PurPOSE OF THIS PROJECT

We have selected this project because it presents a good balance of hardware, software, and
mechanical problems are we are excited to face and solve. Programming the LEDs to spin and light
up with precise timing is something all three of us are particularly excited to do. Beyond the
challenges, the project will be incredibly fun to present. We think our project has the capability of
providing a type of entertainment a lot of the other projects lack. Overall, we are extremely excited
to work on this project

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1.6 Goal OF THIS PROJECT

Provide the user with a 3D holographic experience via persistence of vision

1.7 Functions & FeatureS

a. Measure RPM of each motor to ensure animations maintain proper position on

sphere
b. Balanced physical design for safety and minimal vibration
c. Display pictures, patterns, and text at 30 frames per second (FPS) 3
d. LEDs will spin at a rate of at least 30 Hz for smooth animation
e. LEDs have a refresh rate of over 5 KHz for smooth animation
f. LEDs have 24bit RGB color capability

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Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Persistance of vision display using Arduino.Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August

2017, pp. 7–12, Article ID: IJECET_08_04_002

Persistence of Vision (POV) Wands are a fun way to create interesting long exposure
photographs and light displays. The wand consists of a single row of LEDs controlled by an
Arduino Uno. When the wand is turned on it appears to be flickering in a random pattern, but if
you move it quickly back and forth, you will see text or an image appear. This wand project is
incredibly customizableThe core phenomenon on which the entire project is based on is
Persistence of vision. Persistence of vision is the phenomenon pertaining to the human eye by
which an afterimage is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the
retina. The way this phenomenon of persistence of vision works is based on the belief that
human perception of motion (brain centered) is the result of persistence of vision (eye
centered). Any motion that we see around us is the direct implication of persistence of vision
phenomenon at work.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED PROPELLER DISPLAY

International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research & Development Vol. 05,
Spl. Iss. 01, Ver. II, Mar’ 2018, pp. 151 – 156

The Conventional methods of displaying images are by using LCD display or LED board.
Propeller display is a special type of circular display that projects an image as if the images are
floating in the air. This project was started with a simple principle which is frequently happening in
our day today life, which is Persistence of Vision (POV). Whenever the light from an image strikes
on the retina, the eye retains the impression of that light for a particular fraction of seconds (1/16th)
depending on the brightness of the image even after the image has been removed from the human
sight. The proposed work virtual displays are used in order to reduce the number of LEDs. The
propeller is subjected to rotate above 2000rpm to obtain virtual display.

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 3D POV Display

3-D Spherical POV Display with Rotating Semicircular Line of LEDs

International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer
Engineering Volume 8, Issue 1,

The paper presents the concept and the technical solution of a 3-D persistence of vision display
generating a colour image on a sphere surface created by a rotating semicircular line of LEDs. In
persistence of vision displays, an image is generated by light points (usually LEDs) placed on a
mechanically moved element (usually a rotating element). For adequately high rotational speed of
the line of LEDs, cyclic flashes of diodes synchronized with their current angular positions, created
for the human eye the optical illusion of a clear still image.
The newest generation of 3D displays is mechatronic spherical cylinder devices supplied
with a set of miniature LED lamps mounted on a semicircle or a line. Fast rotation (more than 20
rps) of lighting LEDs creates a volume colour image. The method of imaging relies on the POV
(persistence of vision) effect. The mechatronic techniques described below create new possibilities
in the volume imaging of objects. Potential applications of the imaging techniques are the
possibility of making world weather maps, for intercontinental air traffic or to create volume human
portraits.

Persistence of Vision Control Using Arduino by- I.J. Intelligent Systems and
Applications, 2014, 01, 102-111
This paper mainly emphasizes on the POV (Persistence Of Vision) technology. In current
era in which energy is the main factor in designing all the applications, maximum and efficient use
of the energy is very important. A POV display has many advantages over a traditional CRT, LCD
or LED display, like power savings, less complexity, easy configuration, attractiveness etc. To
overcome the drawback of old processor we have decided to implement the same display atop a
new and advanced microprocessor, the Arduino duemilanove. This platform brings with it newer
coding and a different understanding of peripherals. ARDUINO INTERFACE BOARDS provide
us with a low-cost, easy-to use technology to create the project. We also aim to build the newer
display to work with modern forms of interfaces

Persistence Of Vision Display- IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10,
Issue 4 Ver. III (July – Aug. 2015), PP 36-40

Persistence of vision technology has gained immense popularity in the field of electronics
due to its wide range of applications and ease of usage. Persistence of vision (POV) refers to the
phenomenon of the human eye in which an afterimage exists for a brief time. A POV display
exploits this phenomenon by spinning a one dimensional row of LED's through a two dimensional
space at such a high frequency that a three dimensional display is visible. The LED matrix is
connected to the Raspberry Pi, which is fast & programmable credit card sized computer. The
display is user-friendly when interfaced with a touch pad compatible with the Raspberry Pi.

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ARDUINO and GSM shield- International Journal of Applied Science and

Engineering 3(2): December, 2015: pp. 49-54

Persistence of Vision (POV) is a unique concept that we experience in our day-to-day life
whenever an afterimage of something seems to persist for 1/30th of a second on the retina of our
eye. POV display creates a perception of an image; occupying a spatial portion in rapid succession.
This paper proposes the concept of persistence of vision using ARDUINO, Microprocessor
ATmega328, Arduino GSM shield and a series of LEDs used for display wherein the Arduino GSM
shield is used to interface ARDUINO with the SIMCOM modules. The theory behind this lies in
the fact that, as long as the entire path between an image and human eye is complete during the
visual persistence time, „the whole image is perceived‟.

Design and Implementation of a Cylindrical Persistence of Vision Display-

Waleed Al-Natsheh, Bashar Hammad, Mustafa Abu Zaid Published 2019
Engineering2019 6th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (ICEEE)
Persistence of Vision (POV) is a relatively new and low cost concept to display messages
instead of typical flat screens that can be used for warnings and advertisements in streets and
commercial sectors. The idea is based on a number of LEDs installed on a platform that spins
rapidly to create an illusion of a continuous image. In this work, a cylindrical POV is presented to
show messages in the space (3D) rather than a plane (2D). One of the challenging issues is to
synchronize the frequency of control signals from a microcontroller with the motor speed to result
in a non-flashing display and have a resolution that is good enough to let viewers distinguish
different characters. A special software application utilizing Visual Basic is developed to interface
hardware components together in a user-friendly environment

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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.1.1 Selection of topic

In this primary stage we have gone through many topics on that we can work.
Finally we have selected this topic,so by doing this we can design 3D POV display

3.1.2 Block diagram

After finalising of our project topic. We started working on block diagram. After
working on this we have made the selection of block diagram

3.1.3 Selection of modules

After selection of block digram we will select differnt modules and assembles it

3.1.4 Hardware design

In this we need to select led accordingly to resolution.the system needs hardware
such as wireless charging module ,hall effect sensor etc

3.1.5 Interfacing with hardware

In this stage the microcontroller is interfaced with hardware and tested it.Then each
hardware part is assembled

3.1.6 Testing and check result

Here we will check all hardware and software are working correctly or not

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3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

TRANSMITTER ARDUINO DC MOTOR LED ARRAY

NANO

RECEIVER

Fig 3.2.1

Persistence of vision is an optical illusion in which many discrete images are blend into one single
image on the human mind. This particular board has a set of ADDRESABLE LEDs that we can
program to display the POV effect. We have already implemented a POV display based on Arduino
Nano. The display used is based on Arduino Nano that is used to control the switching of
addresable led LED‟s

The display consisted of the following components:

Arduino Nano: Processor used is ATmega328. Arduino Nano consists of 14 Digital

input output pins and 8 Analog input pins. It is used for switching the LED‟s at
appropriate time.

DC motor –12 V: Used to rotate the assembly at high speed to induce the persistence of
vision effect. We are using a DC Motor of 700 rpm.

Motor speed controller: it is used to control the speed of the motor.

LED array: LED array which produces the desired output.which display holographic image

Transmitter : is for using data transmission .in this project we used Android appliacation for
transmitting images and videos.

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3.3 BLOCK DESCRIPTIONS

3.3.1Spinning Stand

The spinning stand will be the mechanical portion of our project. It will hold the LED
ring (which will be spinning in the XYplane)and microcontroller unit while spinning about the
Zaxis.This creates the two degrees of freedom we need to achieve the 3D effect of our POV
display.

3.3.2 Motors

In order for the persistence of vision phenomenon to take effect, the ring of LEDs must
spin at a relatively fast rate. Our motors are rated to spin at 500 RPM at 12V, but we need the
LED ring to spin at 900 RPM (Equation 4.1) if we want an FPS of 30. Buying a motor that
rotates at the speeds we require is too expensive. So, we will be using a gear ratio of 1:4 to
increase the RPM of the LED ring while keeping the motor’s RPM at a manageable value.

3.3.3 LED STRIP

The LEDs we have chosen for our project have high enough refresh rates for our POV display to
run smoothly and have 24bit RGB capabilities. The LEDs rely on serial data transmission, which
allows for a low profile when it comes to wiring. In fact, only six wires are required to drive all 240
LEDs we plan to use in our project. We plan to create software that will precisely time when these
LEDs turn on and off to create smooth images for our POV display
.
3.3.4 Control Unit

The control unit will be consist of a PCB board with the Atmega328P and a Bluetooth
module.The Atmega328P chip will transmit designated voltage to drive the motor to the base of
TIP transistors which will then accordingly control the voltage to the motor thus control the
spinning speed of the motor,. The microcontroller will monitor the RPM of the horizontal axles
through slip ring connection and monitor the RPM of the vertical axles through Bluetooth module
since the motor driving vertical axle is not on the plate, and we decide to transmit data by Bluetooth
to avoid transmit data through two slip ring which may cause much noise while transmitting. . It
will then use this data and manipulate the input of the PWM transistors wired to each motor in
order to control the voltage supplied to the motors. The microcontroller will also transmit data via
wires to the LEDs for timing and display purposes.

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3.3.5 Motor Encoder

The motors we purchased for our project have builtin encoders. The encoders will be able
communicate the motors‟ RPM with the microcontroller. The encoders use the Hall Effect to
measure the rate at which the motor is spinning. Equipped with 16 magnets placed equally on the
rotor, each time the magnet pass through the sensor, the sensor generates an impulse, and the
encoder will return the value of total magnets pass through the sensor in one second. The motors
can perform 64 counts per rotation of the main shaft. With a gear ratio of 18.75:1, this translates to
1200 counts per rotation of the motor‟s output shaft. So recording the number of magnet passing
per second and the real RPM can be calculated by:
The RPM equations is

RPM= ×60SEC

The accuracy of the encoders will allow us to accurately control the speed of the motor shafts in our
project.

3.3.6 TIP120 PulseWidth Modulation

Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is a modulation technique used to control the voltage a load
receives. We decided to use the TIP120 transistor to control the voltage supplied to the motor. For
the PD5 and PD6 port on the ATmega328P chip, it supports PWM function, we connect each port
to the base of the transistor to control the voltage delivered to the motor. Our microcontroller will
use the encoders to measure the speed of the motors, and control the rotation speed of the LED ring
using the TIP120 accordingly. The TIP transistors we will use can handle voltages up to 60 V and
currents up to 5 A.

3.3.7 Power Supply

We will use two power sources for different parts : a 5V power supply with maximum current of
10A and a 12V power with maximum current of 5A. Each LED can draw a maximum of 60 mA
when all three color channels (RGB) are at full brightness, which results in white light. Adafruit
suggests using the OneThirdModel 1. Assuming 1/3 brightness, it will be 20 mA for each unit, as
they are all connected tothe power supply parallelly, the total current will be 100*0.02 A=2 A. The
control unit will also be powered by the 5V source. For the motor, since the motor needs 12V
voltage to run at its full speed, we will supply 12V voltage to assure the rotation speed, and because
the stall current or maximum current is 5A, using a 12V with 5A maximum current is adequate.
While considering using a voltage regulator to provide both 12V and 5V power using a single 12V
AC to DC converter, it is risky to burden all current to one power source, with LED drawing 2A,
motor drawing 4 to 5 A, it passed the maximum current of 12V 2AMP power supply will be used

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3.4 HARDWARE DESIGN

3.4.1 system overview

Fig 3.4.1 System over view

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3.4.2 FPGA design

Fig 3.4.2 FPGA design

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3.4.3 LED arrangement

fig 3.4.3 LED arrangement

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3.4.4 Tolerance Analysis

3.4.4.1 Critical Component

The critical component we will do the tolerance analysis on is the motors and how we can achieve
a desired FPS using our 12V DC motors and gear ratios.

3.4.4.2 Tolerance Analysis

The key for persistence of vision is the coordination between the spinning LED strip and the
timing LEDs shining. The minimum FPS humans see continuous motion is 24 FPS 2. We calculate
howfast the motors will spin with the following equation:
60 [sec/min] × =LED ring RPM (1)

Since we will be using a ring of LEDs for our display, one rotation of the ring results in two
passings of LEDs. The motors in our system ultimately determine the RPM of the LED Ring. We
plan on using a gear ratio of 1:4, with the motor have the smaller of the two gears. So, to determine
the necessary motor RPM we use the following equation:

Desired FPS Desired LED Ring RPM Necessary Motor RPM

Desired FPS Desired LED ring RPM Necessary Motor RPM

24 720 180

30 900 225

36 1080 275

Table 3.4.2.1

Table containing necessary motor RPM based off desired LED Ring RPM We will use a 12V +/5%
power supply to drive the two motors. To ensure we can drive our motors at a sufficient RPM, we can test
our motors’ RPM using a tachometer.

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3.4.5 Power Analysis

Power analysis for single element

3.4.5.1 LED Strip

240 LEDs will be mounted on the spinning ring in our project. For each LED, it can draw up to
60mA.Since all LEDs are connected in parallel, and Adafruit suggests using the OneThird
Mode as described in section 2.2.5, the total current for all LEDs would be 20 mA *240 LEDs =
4.8A. According to the datasheet of the Dotstar LED Strip, a 5V supply voltage is needed
.
3.4.5.2 Motor

A 1 9:1 Metal Gearmotor is used in our projects to spin the LED ring. The motor accepts
maximum 12V voltage and 5A current. The actual voltage of the motor depends want to use on the
RPM that we want to use

3.4.5.3 Power analysis for the whole project

The LED and the wifi modules are connected in circitury Thus, we need a total of 1.76A +
40mA*2 = 1.84A. Both of the LED Strip and wifimodules need a 5V supply voltage. By
experimenting, one motor requires 0.27A when 12V is supplied under no torqueload

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3.5 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

3.5.1 Arduino Nano

The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the
ATmega328 (Arduino Nano 3.x) or ATmega168 (Arduino Nano 2.x). It has more or less the same
functionality of the Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package.It lacks only a DC power jack,
and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one.The Arduino Nano can be powered
via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or 5V
regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected to the highest
voltage source. These pins apart from serving their purpose can also be used for special purposes which are
discussed below:

Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx): Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial data. They are
connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.

External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3: These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising
or falling edge, or a change in value.

PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11: These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using analogWrite() function.

SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK): These pins are used for SPI communication

In-built LED Pin 13: This pin is connected with an built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH – LED is on and
when pin 13 is LOW, its off.

I2C A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCA): Used for IIC communication using Wire library.

AREF: Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with analogReference() function.

Reset Pin: Making this pin LOW, resets the microcontroller.

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Fig 3.5.1

ATMEGA328P IC details:

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3.5.1.2Arduino nano specifiacation:

1. Microcontroller ATmega328
2. Operating Voltage (logic level): 5 V
3. Input Voltage (Recommended): 7-12 V
4. Input Voltage (limits): 6-20 V
5. Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM Output)
6. Analog Input Pins: 8
7. DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
8. Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 2 KB used by bootloader
9. SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
10. EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
11. Clock Speed: 16 MHz

3.5.2 ESP8266
It is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip, with a full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability,
produced by Espressif Systems in Shanghai, China.The chip first came to the attention of
Western makers in August 2014 with the ESP-01 module, made by a third-party manufacturer Ai-
Thinker. This small module allows microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network and make
simple TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style commands.The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB
of built-in flash, allowing the building of single-chip devices capable of connecting to
Wi-Fi.

Fig 3.5.2

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ESP8266 specifications

1. External QSPI flash: up to 16 MiB is supported (512 KiB to 4 MiB typically included)
2. IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi
a. Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network
b. WEP or WPA/WPA2 authentication, or open networks
3. 16 GPIO pins
4. SPI
5. I²C (software implementation)
6. I²S interfaces with DMA (sharing pins with GPIO)
7. UART on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be enabled on GPIO2
8. 10-bit ADC (successive approximation ADC)
9. 32 KiB instruction RAM
10. 32 KiB instruction cache RAM
11. 80 KiB user-data RAM
12. 16 KiB ETS system-data RAM

3.5.3 DC motor
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor.
DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from
existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled
over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in
its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can
operate on direct current but is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and
appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and
hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement
of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.
In order for the persistence of vision phenomenon to take effect, the ring of LEDs must spin
at a relatively fast rate. Our motors are rated to spin at 500 RPM at 12V, but we need the Spinning
Plate to spin at 720 RPM (Equation 2.1) if we want an FPS of 24. We will be using a 700 RPM
motor for the LED Ring because the RPM necessary to evoke a refresh rate of 24 FPS is less than
30 RPM. Given the motors are rated at a free-run RPM of 500

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Fig 3.5.3

3.5.4 LED strip

We choose to use DotStar APA102 (5050) LED strip in our project because it supports
hardware SPI, which has high enough refresh rates for our POV display to run smoothly. It also has
24-bit RGB capabilities. The LED strip relies on serial data transmission, which allows for a low
profile when it comes to wiring. In fact, only four wires are required to drive all 81 LEDs we plan
to use in our project. We plan to create software that will precisely time when these LEDs turn on
and off to create smooth images for our POV display.

These are addressable 5-meter-long 5V RGB LED strips that come packed with 300
APA102Cs. APA102 LEDs are very similar to WS2812s with a few caveats: APA102s can be
controlled with a standard SPI interface, and they have an extremely high PWM frequency. There is
access to each APA102 LED, and each strip length can be easily modified. You will be able to
control each LED RGB individually

Fig 3.5.4

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Fig 3.5.5

3.5.5 Wireless Charging module

The Wireless Charging Module can be applied in electronic equipments in common use for
close wireless charging or power supply. Consisted of a transmitter and insulation coil, it could
serve as a replacement for the Wireless Power Supply with stable 5/9/12V output voltage and
maximum 600mA output current. Its small size and insulation coil is more suitable for using in
wireless project.

Fig 3.5.5.1

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In general a wireless power system consists of a "transmitter" device connected to a source

of power such as a mains power line, which converts the power to a time-varying electromagnetic
field, and one or more "receiver" devices which receive the power and convert it back to DC or AC
electric current which is used by an electrical load. At the transmitter the input power is converted
to an oscillating electromagnetic field by some type of "antenna" device. The word "antenna" is
used loosely here; it may be a coil of wire which generates a magnetic field, a metal plate which
generates an electric field, an antenna which radiates radio waves, or a laser which generates light.
A similar antenna or coupling device at the receiver converts the oscillating fields to an electric
current. An important parameter that determines the type of waves is the frequency, which
determines the wavelength.
Wireless power uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication devices
like radio, another familiar technology that involves electrical energy transmitted without wires by
electromagnetic fields, used in cellphones, radio and television broadcasting, and WiFi. In radio
communication the goal is the transmission of information, so the amount of power reaching the
receiver is not so important, as long as it is sufficient that the information can be received
intelligibly. In wireless communication technologies only tiny amounts of power reach the receiver.
In contrast, with wireless power transfer the amount of energy received is the important thing, so
the efficiency (fraction of transmitted energy that is received) is the more significant parameter. For
this reason, wireless power technologies are likely to be more limited by distance than wireless
communication technologies.
In inductive coupling (electromagnetic induction or inductive power transfer, IPT), power is
transferred between coils of wire by a magnetic field. The transmitter and receiver coils together
form a transformer . An alternating current (AC) through the transmitter coil (L1) creates an
oscillating magnetic field (B) by Ampere's law. The magnetic field passes through the receiving
coil (L2), where it induces an alternating EMF (voltage) by Faraday's law of induction, which
creates an alternating current in the receiver.

Fig 3.5.5.2

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3.5.6 Power Supply

We will use two power sources for different parts: a 5V power supply with maximum
current of 10A and a 12V power with maximum current of 5A. Each LED can draw a maximum of
60 mA when all three color channels (RGB) are at full brightness, which results in white light.
AdaFruit suggests using the One-Third Model [49]. Assuming 1/3 brightness, it will be 20 mA for
each unit, as they are all connected to the power supply parallel For the motor, since the motor
needs 12V voltage at its full speed, current is adequate. While considering using a voltage regulator
to provide both 12V and 5V power using a single 12V AC to DC converter, motor drawing 2 to 3
A, Therefore, we decided to keep our two voltage source instead of just one.because of this we are
using a SMPS power adapter

Fig 3.5.6

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3.5.7 power module

Fig 3.5.7.1

This is the power module which is to be used for power supply connctivity and wireless charing
output. This board requires 12v DC . Which will be provided by 12v 2 A SMPS adapter.

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3.6 DESIGN DETAILS

First we need a source which streams a video signal. In the original design WE did it over
WIFI. I wrote a program to capture the screen of a computer and send this data to an ESP8266 via
WIFI. The problem of this approach is that the ESP8266 was too slow and the WIFI bandwidth
was just enough for 16 FPS. So now we use an ESP32. We were thinking that all problems are
fixed, but it turned out that the ESP32 also doesn't offer more bandwidth over WIFI than the
ESP8266. The ESP32 has enough computational power to decode a video stream though. So we
ended up sending JPEG images over WIFI to the ESP32. Therefore the ESP32 hosts a website. On
this site you can select images or videos and the website will then stream JPEGs to the ESP32.
JPEG decoding needs a lot of memory so we have a problem there too.

Next we need to control the LEDs themself. For this to work we need to know the exact
position of the LEDs at every moment. Therefore I added a Hall effect sensor. Every rotation it
passes a magnet and thus enables the detection. Then we measure the time of the rotation. We
assume that the next rotation will take the same time. Therefore we can calculate our position. This
process is repeated over and over. To control the LEDs we use an F PGA. We could also use a
microprocessor but it will probably be too slow. The most outer LEDs need to be refreshed around
10.000 times per second. An FPGA is easily up to the task and will do that with less jitter.

3.6.1 PROGRAM FIRMWARE (FPGA)

To program the FPGA we need to install a software from xilinx:

1.After installing Open ISE iMPACT and click "No" if asked and also "Cancel" for a new project
form.

2.Connect the FPGA Board Cmod S6 and wait for the drivers to install. Double click on boundary
scan.

3.Then right click on the new window and choose "Initialize Chain". Click "No" again and close
the new form

.4 Now we should see a symbol "SPI/BPI", double click on it. Choose the file "SPIFlash.mcs". In
the new form choose "SPI PROM" and "S25FL128S" and Data Width "4". Click "OK". Then
single click on the "FLASH" symbol again. It should be green now. Then press "Program". Click
"OK" on the new form and wait. Programming done

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3.6.2 Program esp 8266

Install the esp32 core on the Arduino ID,

Needed libraries:

1.AUTOPID BY Ryan Downing V1.0.3 (can be installed over the library manager)

2 ArduinoWebsockets by Gil Maimon, modified by me (download the

zip file and install it)

Open the file povdisplay.ino in the folder povdisplay.

Choose under tools board: "DOIT ESP32 DEVKIT V1". Leave the other settings as they are.

Connect the esp32 board over USB and download the program.

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3.7 Testing Procedure

3.7.1 Testing the Arduino Board and Connections

When first time we switch on the board, we will see that an LED labeled L connected to the pin
no. 13 of the board will light up to indicate that the board is working. The led in the LED column
connected to this pin 13 will also glow. Thus we will get only one LED to glow, one connected
to pin 13. The board can then be connected to a pc and the desired program can be loaded into it
to obtain desired glowing LED effect. After the desired program is loaded, disconnect the USB
from the board.

3.7.2 Testing the LED Module

Before we run the display on full scale, we need to check that all the LEDs are connected to the
Arduino board and that each one displays the desired color when a particular value is stored in
the Arduino. The most common problem that occurs in connection of LEDs is when we connect
the LEDs to wrong pins in the controller. This may cause a totally different pattern to be
displayed and may give an impression that the display is out of sync. Care must be taken to
connect the LEDs in a sequential manner to the pins on the controller. Miss sequenced pins may
cause the display to appear inverted or in the form of a mirror image of what is originally to be
displayed.

3.7.3 Testing the Motor Speed and Synchronization

Now we are ready to rotate the display. But before we start the motor, make sure that no wires
are tangles to any of the parts that will rotate when we turn on the motor. This can cause
extensive hardware damage! Now put the toggle switch in the motor controller module to ON
position. Initially keep the potentiometer at slowest speed and check that no part is hanging out
that may cause the assembly to dug or to get tangled during operation. Finally when everything
is checked out, slowly start increasing the speed by rotating the potentiometer until a satisfied
resolution is obtained. If still the display doesn„t work properly, try to remove excess weight
from the mounting assembly which may cause the motor to operate at low RPMs.

3.7.4 Testing the Motor Speed Controller

It might happen that the controller might not be supplying sufficient power to the motor to
operate to its full capability. To ensure that the module is working at its full potential, check
voltage

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3.7.A TESTING PARAMETERS

1. Supply the motors with the maximum voltage our 12 V power supply could supply: 12.6
V.

2. Measure the motors’ RPM to ensure they are faster than the necessary motor RPM.

2. Supply the motors with the minimum voltage our 12 V power supply could supply: 11.4
V.

3. Measure the motors’ RPM to ensure they are faster than the necessary motor RPM.

4. Checking the wireless module input as12 volt

5. Checking the wireless power module as 12.3 to 12.6 volt.

6. Checking the wifi network

7 Maintain the motor RPM

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3.8 flowchart

Start

Initialization data
]

Initialization LED Strip

Initialization wifi module

Initialization wifi circutiary

Check
no
data
Available

yes

Output to led strip

Display led strip

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3.9 output

Fig 3.9

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Chapter 4
CONCLUSION

The conventional LED displays used in advertisements and information display uses
an individual matrix of LEDs for each character. For example in a display using 8X4 Led
matrix for a single character, 10X8X4 LEDs would be required to display a word consisting
of 10 characters, increasing the circuit complexity. Our circuit uses a low power Arduino
Duemilanove board, with 7 multicolour LEDs and a low power motor. This technology saves
power monumentally. The display is configurable to show any pattern in any colour through
an Android device that dictates its output as shown in figure [4.9]. The display is extremely
attractive to look at and gives a sense of being a transparent display. By using a motor of
higher RPM, one can achieve more clarity in the display While we met all the specification
detailed in our proposal and pleased with the performance we achieved, we have many plans
for building on the initial foundation and continuing with additional refinement of the project.
We succeeded in building a proof of concept , on the test bench , a rugged design; however,
our project is only foundation on while many other interesting projects could be built . The
RGB LED‟s have done a great job, however I would like to either get defused LED‟s (we
used a clear LED casing ) or LED‟s in which each color diode in LED housing was closer
together. Sometimes, depending on the viewing angle, it can be difficult to tell that two
different color diodes in the same LED aren‟t two side by side LED‟s.

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In conclusion, this project really demonstrated competence combining a difficult

integration of the mechanical and electrical system to build persistence of vision display. We
built a general standalone system which can receive input from any device wirelessly to print
out a display based on the pixel information. We demonstrated this by connecting with the
alphabet character recognition system. The onboard system is fully contained system, capable
of outputting the display varying RPM speeds and not carrying about what the system
interfaces with it as long it follows a standardized wireless protocol developed by us.
Overall, we were able meet all the requirements as specified in the verification table.
At the end of the semester, our team was able to display images using 1DOF of our display at
24 FPS, with the spinning plate rotating while the LED ring remained stationary. During our
Final Demonstration, we were able to display a still-image of Super Mario and the GIF
images

4.1 Advantages

1. It is one type of optical illusion that seems like holographic image. Which creates
pictures more live as it appear as real screen

2. It is better than scrolling display.scrolling display only suppose to be letters ,

characters and alphabets .which are just scrollerd ,fade in , fade out effect shows but
this display provides lots of virtual effects which brings more attractiveness in
graphics images as well as video in small size

3. Low cost & cheaper.

4. Power supply requires less which will be provide life long span for the display

5. Greater frame rate could give greater quality.as 24FPS frame rate give better
resolution

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4.2 Limitations

The mechanical portion of our project also poses some safety concerns. Our ring of LEDs its
support structure will be rotating at a rate of 900 RPM. The support structure will house a motor.
motor spinning at 900 RPM is not something to take lightly. We will advise the UIUC Machine
Shop to create some sort of protective cover that we will put over our rotating device to protect
those around it.

1 If motors RPM is increased then its effect will be disturbed. If the motor RPM is lower
then image quality will be disturbed as well as if motor RPM will be increased more than
refrence RPM image will be disappear

2 Effect may be varied due to viewing angle. Display angle must be 120 to150 in this angle
we will see image clearly

3 Darker room will be required for better viewing

4 If image quality is too low then it cannot be able to show higher resolution

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FUTURE SCOPES

1.Using this screens we can create more perfect graphics this is volumetrix display which
provides better graphics

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2.Designing future display which is more interactive and touch screens . more suitable for AR
and VR

3. creating laser dispaly for sharpest projection . It is also known as Vector display.

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REFERENCES

JOurnals

[1] Wertheimer, 1912. Experimentelle Studien über das Sehen von Bewegung.
Zeitschrift für Psychologie 61, pp. 161–265.
[2] Bazin, André (1967) What is Cinema?, Vol. I, Trans. Hugh Gray, Berkeley:
University of California Press.
[3] Cook, David A. (2004) A History of Narrative Film. New York, W. W. Norton
& Company.
[4] Metz, Christian (1991) Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema, trans.
Michael Taylor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[5] Mohammad Mohiddin, Musipatla Premalatha, Bodapally Kedarnath, K. Sanath
Kumar and K. Venkata Krishna Prasad. Implementation of Brain–Computer
Interface Technology using Arduino. International Journal of Electrical
Engineering & Technology, 8(2), 2017, pp. 25–35.
[6] Karna Patel, Mrudang Patel and Nirav Oza, Wireless automation and Machine
Learning of a Rolling-Mill Using Arduino and Android. International Journal
of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp. 09–21.
[7] Joseph and Barbara Anderson, “The Myth of Persistence of Vision Revisited,”
Journal of Film and Video, Vol.45, No. 1, 1993, pp 3-12.
[8] George John P., Togis Thomas, Vishnu Balakrishnan, Vishnu N Nair, “Design and
Implementation of Microcontroller Based Propeller Clock”, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering,
Vol. 3, Issue 2, February 2014, pp 7673

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[9] Robinson P. Paul, Ghansyam B. Rathod, Vishwa R. Trivedi, Punit V. Thakkar,

„Persistence of Vision Control Using Arduino‟, International Journal on Intelligent
Systems and Applications, 2014, pp. 102-111
[10] KarthikKrishnamurthi, Saikat Mukherjee, MikhilMohanan, RishanaJohny,
“Propeller LED Message Display based on Persistence of Vision”, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering,
Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2015, pp 210-213
[11] Coltheart M. “The persistences of vision.” in Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, The Royal Society
Publications, London, 1980, pp. 57-69
[12] . Andrew B. Watson, “High Frame Rates and Human Vision: A View through the
Window of Visibility”, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal March 2013, pp 18-32
[13] Manavi Sharma and Krishan Mohan, “Low Cost Propeller LED Display”,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management
(IJAIEM), Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2015, pp 39-42

LINKS

https://blog.arduino.cc/2017/06/09/prophelix-is-an-amazing-3d-pov-holographic-
display/?queryID=undefined

https://www.instructables.com/id/Huge-POV-Display/

https://www.hackster.io/mircemk/arduino-horizontal-pov-display-dcf041

https://blog.tindie.com/

https://maker.pro/.

https://www.instructables.com/id/Huge-POV-Display/

https://hackaday.com/2012/09/11/full-color-video-on-a-spinning-pov-display/

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