Quirino State University: Minority, Race and Ethnicity in Pop Culture

QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
MADDELA CAMPUS
Maddela, 3404 Quirino
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Module 4: MINORITY, RACE AND ETHNICITY IN POP CULTURE

OBJECTIVES
1. identify the various indigenous peoples of the Philippines and describe their cultures;
2. to infer on the pre-colonials way of life of Filipinos by looking at prevailing cultural belief and practices of
indigenous communities; and
3. enumerate and explain the various ethnic groups in the Philippines
DISCUSSIONS:
HIGHLAND ETHNOLINGUISTIC NATIONS
There are more than 100 highland, lowland, and coastland tribal groups in the Philippines. These include:
Igorot
The Igorots/Cordillerans live in the highlands of Luzon. They are primarily located in the Cordillera Administrative
Region, Caraballo Mountains, and Sierra Madre.
Ethnolinguistic Nation(s) Description
Isnag (Isneg/Apayao)
The Isnag people (also Isneg or Apayao) are native to Apayao Province in
the Cordillera Administrative Region. Their native language is Isneg (also called
Isnag), although most Isnag also speak Ilokano.
Two major sub-groups among the Isnag are known: the Ymandaya, mostly
concentrated in the municipality of Calanasan; and the Imallod, with populations
distributed among the other towns of the province. Isnag populations can also be
found in the eastern part of the adjacent provinces of Ilocos Norte and Cagayan.
Tinguian/Itneg
The Itneg (exonym Tinguian / Tingguian / Tinggian ) are an Austronesian ethnic
group from the upland province of Abra in northwestern Luzon, in the Philippines.
The native Itneg language is a South-Central Cordilleran dialect. They have an
indigenous Itneg religion with its own pantheon.
The Kalinga, also known as "iKalinga", inhabit the drainage basin of the
Kalinga
middle Chico River in Kalinga Province. The Kalinga are sub-divided into
Southern and Northern groups; the latter is considered the most heavily
ornamented people of the northern Philippines.
The Kalinga practice both wet and dry rice farming. They also developed an
institution of peace pacts called Bodong which has minimised traditional warfare
and headhunting and serves as a mechanism for the initiation, maintenance,
renewal and reinforcement of kinship and social ties. They also speak
different Kalinga tribal languages, Ilocano, Tagalog and English.
The Balangao tribe inhabits a barangay in Natonin, Mountain

Balangao
Province, Philippines. The tribe, focuses primarily on farming; which is performed
either in rice terraces or from lands that were cleared by fire. At the present, many
of the younger generation of the tribe have gained education and are exposed to
modernization thus changing the once traditional society of the tribe.
VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”
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The Balangao/Farangao/Balangao Bontoc language is used by the Balangao tribe
and is confined to the tribe and other nearby tribes who have their own languages
related to the language. It is spoken in the central area of Mountain Province, and
into Tanudan municipality of Kalinga Province.
The Bontoc live on the banks of the Chico River in the Central Mountain
Bontoc
Province on the island of Luzon. They speak Bontoc and Ilocano. They formerly
practiced head-hunting and had distinctive body tattoos. Present-day Bontocs are a
peaceful agricultural people who have, by choice, retained most of their traditional
culture despite frequent contacts with other groups. The Bontoc social structure
used to be centered around village wards (ato) containing about 14 to 50 homes.
Traditionally, young men and women lived in dormitories and ate meals with their
families. This gradually changed with the advent of Christianity. In general,
however, it can be said that all Bontocs are very aware of their own way of life
and are not overly eager to change.
The Ifugao (also known as Amganad, Ayangan, Kiangan, Gilipanes, Quiangan,

Ifugao
Tuwali Ifugao, Mayoyao, Mayoyao, Mayaoyaw) are the people inhabiting Ifugao
Province. The country of the Ifugao in the southeastern part of the Cordillera
region is best known for its famous Banaue Rice Terraces, which in modern times
have become one of the major tourist attractions of the Philippines. The Ifugaos
also speak four distinct dialects and are known for their rich oral literary traditions
of hudhud and the alim, which were chosen as one of the 11 Masterpieces of the
Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. It was then formally inscribed as a
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2008.
The Kankanaey domain includes Western Mountain Province,

Kankanaey /Kankanay
northern Benguet and southeastern Ilocos Sur. Like most Igorot ethnic groups, the
Kankanaey built sloping terraces to maximize farm space in the rugged terrain of
the Cordilleras. They speak the Kankanaey language. The only difference amongst
the Kankanaey are the way they speak such as intonation and word usage. In
intonation, there is distinction between those who speak Hard Kankanaey (Applai)
and Soft Kankanaey. Speakers of Hard Kankanaey are from the towns
of Sagada and Besao in the western Mountain Province as well as their environs.
They speak Kankanaey with a hard intonation where they differ in some words
from the soft-speaking Kankanaey. Soft-speaking Kankanaey come from Northern
and other parts of Benguet, and from the municipalities
of Sabangan, Tadian and Bauko in Mountain Province. They also differ in their
ways of life and sometimes in culture.
The Kalanguya (also called Ikalahan) live in the Cordillera Administrative
Kalanguya / Ikalahan
Region, but can also be found in Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, and Pangasinan.
They speak the Kalanguya language or "Kallahan", which was once the most
spoken language in most parts of today's Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao, Mt.
Province, and some parts of Nueva Ecija but is no longer due to ethnocentrism.
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The Kalanguya population in Nueva Vizcaya has also been identified in
anthropological literature as "Ikal-lahan". Those who reside
in Tinoc and Buguias call themselves Kalangoya. Those who reside in Nueva
Vizcaya and Quirino call themselves Ikalahans. In the past this ethnolinguistic
group was known as Kalanggutan, Keley'I, Mandek'ey, Yatukka, or Kalangoya.
The Kalanguya are considered a subgroup of the Ifugao people.
The Karao tribe lives in the municipality of Bokod, Benguet. The ancestors of the
Karao
Karaos are the Panuy-puys (puypuys), who migrated from Palileng, Bontoc to
Diyang in Nueva Viscaya, and finally settled in Karao in the latter part of the
nineteenth century. They speak the Karao language (also spelled Karaw). It is
spoken in the Karao, Ekip, and Bokod areas of western Benguet Province, and in
the southwestern corner of Ifugao Province. The language is named after the
barangay of Karaw in Bokod municipality, Benguet.
The Iwak people (Oak, Iguat, Iwaak, etc.) is a small ethnic group, which has a
Iwak / Iwaak
population of approximately 3,000, dispersed in small fenced-in villages which are
usually enclaves in communities of surrounding major ethnic groups like
the Ibaloy and Ikalahan. The characteristic village enclosing fences are sometimes
composed in part of the houses with the front entry facing inward. Pig sites are
part of the residential architecture. The Iwak are found principally in the
municipalities of Boyasyas and Kayapa, province of Nueva Vizcaya. The
subgroups are: (1) Lallang ni I’Wak, (2) Ibomanggi, (3) Italiti, (4) Alagot, (5)
Itangdalan, (6) Ialsas, (7) Iliaban, (8)Yumanggi, (9) Ayahas, and (10)
Idangatan. They speak the Iwaak language, which is a Pangasinic language which
makes it closely related to Pangasinense.
The Isinai/Isinay are a small ethnic group living in the Cagayan Valley,
Isinai / Isinay
specifically in the municipalities of Bambang, Dupax del Sur, Aritao in Nueva
Vizcaya, as well as around Quirino province. Their ethnic communities show a
decline in population, with only around 12,600 members on record. They speak
the Isinai language (also spelled Isinay), which is a Northern Luzon
language primarily spoken in Nueva Vizcaya province in the northern Philippines.
By linguistic classification, it is more divergent from other South-Central
Cordilleran languages, such as Kalinga, Itneg or Ifugao and Kankanaey.
The Ilongot (or Ibilao) are a tribe who inhabit the southern Sierra
Ilongot / Bugkalot
Madre and Caraballo Mountains, on the east side of Luzon in the Philippines,
primarily in the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Ecija and along the
mountain border between the provinces of Quirino and Aurora. An alternative
name of this tribe and its language is "Bugkalot". They are known as a tribe of
headhunters.
Presently, there are about 87,000 Ilongots. The Ilongots tend to inhabit areas close
to rivers, as they provide a food source and a means for transportation. Their
native language is the Ilongot language, currently spoken by about 50,000 people.
They also speak the Ilocano language.
The Ibaloi (Ibaloi: ivadoy, /ivaˈdoj/) are an indigenous ethnic group found
Ibaloi
in Benguet Province of the northern Philippines. The native language is Ibaloi,
also known as Inibaloi or Nabaloi. Ibaloi is derived from i-, a prefix signifying
"pertaining to" and badoy or house, together then meaning "people who live in
houses". The Ibaloi (also Ibaloy and Nabaloi) and Kalanguya (also Kallahan and
Ikalahan) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Philippines who live mostly in
the southern part of Benguet, located in the Cordillera of northern Luzon,
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and Nueva Vizcaya in the Cagayan Valley region. They were traditionally an
agrarian society. Many of the Ibaloi and Kalanguya people continue with their
agriculture and rice cultivation. The Ibaloi language is closely related to
the Pangasinan language, primarily spoken in the province of Pangasinan, located
southwest of Benguet.
Mangyan
Mangyan is the generic name for the eight indigenous groups found on the island of Mindoro, southwest of
the island of Luzon in the Philippines, each with its own tribal name, language, and customs. They occupy nearly the
whole of the interior of the island of Mindoro. The total population may be around 280,000, but official statistics are
difficult to determine under the conditions of remote areas, reclusive tribal groups and some having little if any outside
world contact.

Iraya The Iraya are mangyans that live in municipalities in northern Mindoro, such
as Paluan, Abra de Ilog, northern Mamburao, and Santa Cruz municipalities
in Occidental Mindoro, and Puerto Galera and San Teodoro municipalities in Oriental
Mindoro. They have also been found in Calamintao, on the northeastern boundary of
Santa Cruz municipality (7 km up the Pagbahan River from the provincial highway).
They speak the Iraya language which is part of the North Mangyan group of Malayo-
Polynesian languages, though it shows considerable differences to Tadyawan and
Alangan, the other languages in this group. There are 6,000 to 8,000 Iraya speakers,
and that number is growing. The language status of Iraya is developing, meaning that
this language is being put to use in a strong and healthy manner by its speakers, and it
also has its own writing system (though not yet completely common nor
maintainable).
Alangan The Alangan are mangyans that primarily live in the municipalities
of Naujan and Victoria in Oriental Mindoro, and Sablayan in Occidental Mindoro.
They speak the Alangan language and number about 2,150 people around north-
central Mindoro. The Ayan Bekeg dialect spoken on the northeast slopes of Mount
Halcon is understood by Alangan speakers throughout the area. They may also be
found around Casague, Santa Cruz, Occidental Mindoro and Kulasisi (tributary of the
Mompong River), near Barrio Arellano, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro.
Tadyawan Tadyawan are mangyans that primarily live in southern Lake Naujan in Oriental
Mindoro. They can be found in Barrio Talapaan, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro; Happy
Valley, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro; and Pahilaan, Calatagan, Pola, Oriental Mindoro.
They speak the Tadyawan language, which has 4 dialects, namely Nauhan, East
Aglubang, West Aglubang, and Pola. Nauhan and East Aglubang are close to each
other. The West Aglubang is spoken farthest out and has strong Alangan influence.
Tawbuid The Tau-buid (or Tawbuid) Mangyans live in central Mindoro. They speak
the Tawbuid language, which is divided into eastern and western dialects. The
Bangon Mangyans also speak the western dialect of Tawbuid.
In Oriental Mindoro, Eastern Tawbuid (also known as Bangon) is spoken by 1,130
people in the municipalities of Socorro, Pinamalayan, and Gloria.
In Occidental Mindoro, Western Tawbuid (also known as Batangan) is spoken by
6,810 people in the municipalities of Sablayan and Calintaan.
Bangon The Mangyan group known on the east of Mindoro as Bangon may be a subgroup
of Tawbuid, as they speak the 'western' dialect of that language. They also have a
kind of poetry which is called the Ambahan.
Buhid The Buhid are mangyans that primarily live in Malfalon, Calintaan, Occidental
Mindoro; Bato Eli, Barrio Monte Claro, San José Pandurucan (on the southern bank
of the Bugsanga (Bisanga) River) in Occidental Mindoro; Barrio Rambida, Socorro,
Oriental Mindoro; and Barrio Batangan, Panaytayan, Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro.
They speak the Buhid language in the island of Mindoro, Philippines. It is divided
into eastern and western dialects and uses its own unique Buhid script, which is
encoded in the Unicode-Block Buhid (Buid) (1740–175F).
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Hanunuo Hanunuo, or Hanunó'o, are mangyans that live in Barrio Tugtugin, San Jose,
Occidental Mindoro; Naluak, Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro (on the upper Caguray
River); Bamban, Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro (also with Ratagnon and Bisayan
residents); and Barrio Panaytayan, Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro (about 5 km from the
highway in the mountains southwest of Mansalay). They speak the Hanunó'o
language and use their own unique Hanunuo script, which is encoded in the Unicode-
Block Hanunoo (1720–173F).
Ratagnon Ratagnon (also transliterated Datagnon or Latagnon) are mangyans of the
southernmost tip of Occidental Mindoro in the Mindoro Islands along the Sulu Sea.
They live in the southernmost part of the municipality of Magsaysay in Occidental
Mindoro. The Ratagnon language is similar to the Visayan Cuyunon language,
spoken by the inhabitants of Cuyo Island in Northern Palawan. The Ratagnon women
wear a wrap-around cotton cloth from the waistline to the knees and some of the
males still wear the traditional g-string. The women's breast covering is made of
woven nito (vine). They also wear accessories made of beads and copper wire. The
males wear a jacket with simple embroidery during gala festivities and carry flint,
tinder, and other paraphernalia for making fire. Both sexes wear coils of red-dyed
rattan at the waistline. Like other Mangyan tribes, they also carry betel chew and its
ingredients in bamboo containers. Today only around 2 to 5 people speak
the Ratagnon language, which is nearly extinct, out of an ethnic population of 2,000
people, since speakers are shifting to Tagalog. They appear to also
have intermarried with lowlanders.
Tribal Palaweño
The indigenous peoples of Palawan are a diverse group of both indigenous tribes and lowland groups that historically
migrated to the island of Palawan and its outlying islands. These ethnolinguistic nations are widely distributed to the
long strip of mainland island literally traversing Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Listed below are specifically the tribal
groups of Palawan, as opposed to its urban lowland groups that historically settled its cities and towns. Palawan is
home to many indigenous peoples whose origins date back thousands of centuries. Pre-historic discoveries reveal how
abundant cultural life in Palawan survived before foreign occupiers and colonizers reached the Philippine archipelago.
Today, Palawan is making its best to preserve and conserve the richness of its cultural groups. The provincial
government strives to support the groups of indigenous peoples of Palawan.

Tagbanwa The Tagbanwa/Tagbanua people (Tagbanwa: ), or "people of the world," are one of
the oldest ethnic groups in the Philippines, and can be mainly found in the central and
northern Palawan. Research has shown that the Tagbanwa are possible descendants of
the Tabon Man, thus making them one of the original inhabitants of the Philippines.
They are a brown-skinned, slim, and straight-haired ethnic group. They speak the
Tagbanwa languages, which have their own unique Tagbanwa script with Unicode-
Block Tagbanwa (1760–177F), and can be classified into two major classifications
based on the geographical location where they can be found. Central Tagbanwas are
found in the western and eastern coastal areas of central Palawan. They are concentrated
in the municipalities of Aborlan, Quezon, and Puerto Princesa. Calamian Tagbanwa, on
the other hand, are found in Baras coast, Busuanga Island, Coron Island, Linipacan
Calibangbangan, and in some parts of El Nido. These two Tagbanwa sub-groups speak
different languages and do not exactly have the same customs. Tagbanwa live in
compact villages of 45 to 500 individuals. In 1987, there were 129,691 Tagbanwas
living in Palawan. At present, Tagbanwa tribe has an estimated population of over
10,000. 1,800 of these are in the Calamianes. Shifting cultivation of upland rice is part
of their cultural and economic practices. Rice is considered a divine gift and is
fermented to make rice wine, which they use in Pagdiwata, or rice wine ritual. The cult
of the dead is the key to the religious system of the Tagbanwa. They believe in several
deities found in the natural environment. Their language and alphabet, practice
of kaingin and common belief in soul-relatives are part of their culture. This group are
excellent in basketry and wood carving. In addition, they are also famous for their
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beautifully crafted body accessories. Their combs, bracelets, necklaces and anklets are
usually made of wood, beads, brass and copper. The Central Tagbanwa language is
dying out as the younger generations are learning Cuyonon and Tagalog.
Palawano / Palaw'an The Palawan tribal people, also known as the Palawano (only by outsiders) or Palaw'an
(or Palawan, depending on sub-dialect), are an indigenous ethnic group of
the Palawan group of islands in the Philippines. They traditionally hunt using soars and
bamboo blowguns. They speak the Palawano language, which is divided into four
ethno-linguistic subgroupings: the Quezon Palawano which is also known as the Central
Palawano; the Bugsuk Palawano or South Palawano; Brooke's Point Palawano; and
Southwest Palawano. Palawanos are more popularly known as Palawans, which is
pronounced faster than the name of the province. The Quezon Palawano subgroup are
found in Southern Palawan, particularly on the western section of the municipality
of Quezon including the eastern part of Abo-abo of the municipality of Sofronio
Espanola, going southward down to the northern section of the municipality of Rizal. A
large group of Palawans can also be found in Sitios Gugnan, Kambing, Tugpa, and
Kalatabog of Barangay Panitian. The Taw't Bato of the municipality of Rizal at the foot
of Mt. Matalingahan also belongs to this same Palawan tribal group although their
language is 15 percent different from the Quezon Palawanos. The Palawano closely
resemble the Tagbanwa, and in the past, they were doubtless the same people.
Some Tausug residents in Palawan call the Palawano Traan, which means "people in
scattered places". Like the Yakan of Basilan, the Palawano live in houses out of sight of
each other, scattered among their plots of farm lands. Their main occupation is
subsistence farming, cultivating mainly upland rice. Their religion is an old prehispanic
belief that mixes traditional animism with elements of Hinduism and Islamic belief.
Some have embraced Islam from their southern Molbog and Palawani neighbors. A
small number of them are Protestant due to recent missionary campaigns.
Taaw't Bato The Taaw't Bato's name means "people of the rock". They speak the Taaw't Bato
language, which is 80% intelligible with Palawano. They are not actually a separate
language or ethnolinguistic nation, but rather a small community of traditional
S.W. Palawanos who happen to reside in the crater of an extinct volcano during certain
seasons of the year, in houses built on raised floors inside caves though others have set
their homes on the open slopes. They are found in the Singnapan Basin, a valley
bounded by Mount Mantalingajan on the east and the coast on the west. North of them
is the municipality of Quezon, Palawan and to the South are the still unexplored regions
of Palawan. They are still primitive in their lifestyle, even in the way of dressing. The
men still wear g-strings made of bark and cloth and the women wear a piece of cloth
made into skirts to cover the lower body. Both of them are half naked but sometimes
women wear a blouse that is not indigenous but obtained through commercial markets.
They mainly produce and consume cassava, but also produce sweet
potato, sugarcane, malunggay, garlic, pepper, string beans, squash, tomato, pineapple,
etc. Throughout the year, hunting and foraging is pursued to complement the
carbohydrate diet of the people. Most of the wild pigs are caught through spring traps.
They also indulge the sambi (barter) and dagang (monetary exchange). The trade is
specifically for marine fish which the people of Candawaga provide in exchange for
horticultural products of the Taaw't-Bato. Dagang involves forest products like
the almaciga, rattan, etc. This tribe subsists on hunting, gathering fruits and planting
crops and rice near the forest. Because of their uniqueness, the Philippine
government declared their area off limits to strangers to protect them from unreasonable
exploitation.
Suludnon
They are highland Visayan peoples, related to the lowland Kinaray-a, Aklanon, and Hiligaynon of Panay
Island, Visayas.
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Suludnon / Sulod / Tumandok The Suludnon, also known as the Tumandok, Sulod, Panay-Bukidnon, or
Panayanon Sulud, are an indigenous Visayan group of people who reside in
the Capiz-Lambunao mountainous area and the Antique-Iloilo mountain area of
central Panay in the Visayan islands of the Philippines. They are one of the two
only culturally indigenous group of Visayan language-speakers in the Western
Visayas, along with the Iraynon-Bukidnon of Antique. Although they were once
culturally related to the speakers of the Kinaray-a, Aklanon, and Hiligaynon
languages, all of whom inhabit the lowlands of Panay, their isolation
from Spanish rule resulted in the continuation of a pre-Hispanic culture and
beliefs. They speak the Igbok language (also known as Ligbok or Sulod
language), a member of the West Visayan subdivision of the Visayan languages
under the Austronesian language family. They are the largest indigenous people's
group in Panay, with a population of some 94,000 as of 2011. They are mostly
slash-and-burn farmers with bisaya rice as the main crop. The Tumandok also
engage in hunting, fishing, and foraging for fruits and root crops.
Negrito
The Negrito are several Australo-Melanesian groups who inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia. They all live in
remote areas throughout the islands in the Philippines.

Aeta/Agta / Alta / Arta / Atta The Aeta are multiple different Negrito indigenous people who live in
scattered, isolated mountainous parts of the island of Luzon. As Negritos,
they have skin ranges from dark to very dark brown, and possesse features
such as a small stature and frame; hair of a curly to kinky texture and a
higher frequency of naturally lighter colour (blondism) relative to the general
population, small nose, and dark brown eyes. They are thought to be among
the earliest inhabitants of the Philippines, preceding
the Austronesian migrations. The Aeta were included in the group of people
named "Negrito" during the Spanish Era. Various Aeta groups in northern
Luzon are named Pugut or Pugot, an Ilocano term that also means "goblin"
or "forest spirit", and is the colloquial term for people with darker
complexions. These names are mostly considered inappropriate
or derogatory by fellow Aeta of northern Luzon. The Aeta speak Sambalic
languages, which are part of the Central Luzon family.
Batak The Batak are a group of indigenous Filipino people that resides in the
northeast portion of Palawan. There are only about 450 Batak remaining
according to a 1990 census. Also called Tinitianes, the Batak are considered
by anthropologists to be closely related to the Aeta of Central Luzon. They
tend to be small in stature, with dark skin and short curly or "kinky" hair,
traits which originally garnered the "Negrito" groups their name. Batak have
for centuries combined a hunter-gatherer lifestyle with seeding of useful food
plants, kaingin, a slash and burn farming method, and trading. It is believed
that they may have had trading relations with Chinese merchants as early as
500 AD. During the mid to late-20th century the Batak were easily pushed
out of their preferred gathering grounds by the sea into the mountains by
emigrant farmers, mostly from Luzon. Living in less fertile areas, they have
attempted to supplement their income by harvesting and selling various
nontimber forest products, such as rattan, tree resins, and honey. The Batak
were once a nomadic people, but have since, at the behest of the government,
settled in small villages. Their belief system is that of animism, which is
belief in spirits that reside in nature. Rapid depopulation, restricted forest
access, sedentary living, and incursion by immigrants has devastated the
group culturally. Today, very few Batak marry other Batak but tend to marry
from other neighboring groups. The pattern has been that the children of
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these marriages tend not to follow Batak cultural ways, and today "pure"
Batak are rare. They are also not reproducing to sustain their population. As a
result, Batak are being absorbed into a more diffuse group of upland
indigenous peoples who are slowly losing their tribal identities, and with it
their unique spirituality and culture; there is even some debate as to whether
or not they still exist as a distinct ethnic entity. They speak the Batak
language, which is a Negrito language spoken in Palawan. It is sometimes
disambiguated from the Batak languages of Indonesia as Palawan Batak.
They can be found in the communities of Babuyan, Maoyon, Tanabag,
Langogan, Tagnipa, Caramay, and Buayan in Palawan. They also speak the
surrounding languages including Southern Tagbanwa, Central
Tagbanwa, Kuyonon, and Agutaynen.
Ati The Ati are a Negrito ethnic group in the Visayas, the central portion of
the Philippine archipelago. Their small numbers are principally concentrated
in the islands of Boracay, Panay and Negros. They are genetically related to
other Negrito ethnic groups in the Philippines such as the Aeta of Luzon,
the Batak of Palawan, and the Mamanwa of Mindanao. The Ati speak
a Visayan language known as Inati. As of 1980, the speakers of Inati number
about 1,500. Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a are also commonly used.
Mamanwa The Mamanwa is a Negrito tribe often grouped together with the Lumad.
They come from Leyte, Agusan del Norte, and Surigao provinces
in Mindanao; primarily in Kitcharao and Santiago, Agusan del Norte, though
they are lesser in number and more scattered and nomadic than the Manobos
and Mandaya tribes who also inhabit the region. Like all Negritos, the
Mamanwas are phenotypically distinct from the lowlanders and the upland
living Manobos, exhibiting curly hair and much darker skin tones. These
peoples are traditionally hunter-gatherers and consume a wide variety of wild
plants, herbs, insects, and animals from tropical rainforest. Currently,
Mamanwa populations live in sedentary settlements ("barangays") that are
close to agricultural peoples and market centers. As a result, a substantial
proportion of their diet includes starch-dense domesticated foods. The
Mamanwa have been exposed to many of the modernities mainstream
agricultural populations possess and use such as cell phones, televisions,
radio, processed foods, etc. Their contact with monotheist
communities/populations has made a considerable impact on the Mamanwa's
religious practices. The tribe produce excellent winnowing baskets, rattan
hammocks, and other household containers. Mamanwa (also
spelled Mamanoa) means 'first forest dwellers', from the words man (first)
and banwa (forest). They speak the Mamanwa language (or Minamanwa).
They are genetically related to the Denisovans.
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QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Module 4: MINORITY, RACE AND ETHNICITY IN POP CULTURE

Ethnolinguistic Nation(s) Description

The Balangao tribe inhabits a barangay in Natonin, Mountain

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

The Ifugao (also known as Amganad, Ayangan, Kiangan, Gilipanes, Quiangan,

The Kankanaey domain includes Western Mountain Province,

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Ethnolinguistic Nation(s) Description

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Ethnolinguistic Nation(s) Description

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Ethnolinguistic Nation(s) Description

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Ethnolinguistic Nation(s) Description

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

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