Inputs From Income Statement:: Total Revenue

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Inputs from Income Statement:

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Total revenue 1,802.2 1,993.8 2,216.5 2,472.6 2,788.0 3,432.8 3,618.8

Inputs from Cash Flow Statement:

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Depreciation and amortization 35.8 32.4 38.1 44.4 53.7 59.9

Capital expenditures (70.1) (63.3) (58.6) (90.0) (119.9) (85.6)


Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Online Tutorial #5: How Do You Calculate A Company's Incremental Fixed Capital Needs?

Incremental investment in fixed capital is another important value driver in an analysis of


shareholder value. This session focuses on where to find the data, how to calculate historical fixed
capital trends and how to project future fixed capital needs. As with previous sessions, we will use
Domino's Pizza, Inc., as of September, 2020, as a case study. Readers who want to calculate
incremental fixed capital while reading this tutorial may wish to download the accompanying
spreadsheet.

What Does Incremental Fixed Capital Mean?

To understand what we mean by incremental fixed capital, let's break this phrase down into its
component parts:

Incremental. This means that we want to look at the additional cash a company annually invests
in its long term operating assets.
Fixed. This means we look at cash tied up in long term operating assets such as property, plant,
and equipment (PP&E) and capitalized leases.
Capital. This is the amount of cash a company has spend annually in fixed capital in order to run
its business.

For industrial companies, then, incremental fixed capital equals the cash a company invests
annually in long term operating assets.

We can calculate a company's annual investment in fixed capital by analyzing its cash flow
statement. To calculate a company's gross fixed capital investments, we sum the following items:

Capital expenditures
Capitalized software costs
Other investment activities, net
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired

However, before we finish, we need to deduct depreciation (found on the Cash Flow Statement in
the "Cash flows from operating activities" section). This is because we want to calculate the cash
invested above and beyond a company's annual depreciation. The underlying assumption is that
depreciation is a rough estimate for how much a company must spend to maintain its physical
assets. In other words, we consider only capital investments above and beyond depreciation as
incremental.

Case Study: Domino's Pizza as of September, 2020

The following table summarizes calculations for Domino's:

               Capital expenditures


          Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
     Total gross fixed capital investments
     Depreciation and amortization
Incremental fixed capital investments
Source: Domino's Cash Flow Statements can be found here.
https://dominos.gcs-web.com/financial-information/sec-filings
Note: This data should be entered into the "Inputs" worksheet of the "Online Tutorial 5.xlsx"
spreadsheet.

Building on this metric, we can calculate how much incremental fixed capital Domino's must invest
to generate a dollar of new sales:

     Incremental fixed capital investments


          Total revenue
     Incremental revenue
Incremental fixed capital investment rate

Over this five year period, then, Domino's invested $189 million into its fixed capital in order to
generate $1.6 billion in incremental sales. In other words, Domino's invested 11.6% of incremental
sales into fixed capital.

In the Price-Implied Expectations (PIE) analysis we perform in the book, we assume that Domino's
will invest slightly under this amount at 10.0% of incremental sales (see page 92).
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
-70.1 -63.3 -58.6 -90.0 -119.9 -85.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-70.1 -63.3 -58.6 -90.0 -119.9 -85.6
35.8 32.4 38.1 44.4 53.7 59.9
-34.3 -30.8 -20.4 -45.6 -66.2 -25.6

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019


-30.8 -20.4 -45.6 -66.2 -25.6
2,216.5 2,472.6 2,788.0 3,432.8 3,618.8
222.7 256.1 315.4 644.9 185.9
13.9% 8.0% 14.5% 10.3% 13.8%
Incremental Fixed Capital Investment Rate

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Capital expenditures (70.1) (63.3) (58.6) (90.0) (119.9) (85.6)


Acquisitions, net of cash acquired - - - - - -

Total Gross Fixed Capital Investments (70.1) (63.3) (58.6) (90.0) (119.9) (85.6)

Depreciation and amortization 35.8 32.4 38.1 44.4 53.7 59.9

Net Fixed Capital Investments (34.3) (30.8) (20.4) (45.6) (66.2) (25.6)

Total revenue 1,993.8 2,216.5 2,472.6 2,788.0 3,432.8 3,618.8


Incremental revenue 222.7 256.1 315.4 644.9 185.9

Incremental Fixed Capital Investment Rate 13.9% 8.0% 14.5% 10.3% 13.8%

Incremental fixed capital over last 5 years (%) 11.6%

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