Activity Sheet in Science 9

Momentum

Name: Grade/Section: Score:

A. CONTENT STANDARD:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
- Momentum
B. LEARNING COMPETENCY:
The learners should be able to:
- Relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects (e.g., vehicular collision)
C. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:
- Identify factors that affect momentum;
- Solve problems regarding momentum;
- Demonstrate knowledge through its application to practical situations.

REMINDERS:
This is your activity sheet. Answer all the questions and activities given. Write all your
answers in this activity sheet. Show all possible solutions to the problem. Do not forget to
write your name.

WHAT HAPPENED?

Understand the illustration below and answer the questions that follows:
Illustration 1

Illustration 2
Guide Questions:
1. Look at image. Which do you think between the two collisions would result to more
damage? The truck or the car?

2. Consider the two identical cars in Photo number 2. Car 7 is traveling at 80 km/h while
Car 4 is traveling at 30 km/h. Which of the two cars would be more difficult to stop?

3. What factor did you consider in deciding for your answer?

LET US TRY!
Relate momentum to collision of objects (e.g., vehicular collision) S9FE-Iva-36
ACTIVITY 1
Objective:
 Identify the factors that affect momentum.
Materials Needed:
Board or plank (at least 1.0 m long), Books, Block of wood, Masking tape, Protractor,
Ruler / meterstick, toy cars/trucks, one at least twice as heavy as the other

(Paalala: Kung walay dulaan nga tarak-tarak, bisag unsa nga round o lingin nga
butang pwede rang gamiton.)

Procedure:
1. Place several books on top of a table and position the plane board at an angle of
about 30o from the horizontal.
2. Using masking tape and marker, label distances of every 10 cm starting from the
lower portion of the inclined plane up to the other edge of the inclined plane.
3. Place the block of wood about 10 cm from the foot of the inclined plane. Label this
as the block’s initial position.
4. Position the small toy car at the 20-cm mark and record the time it takes for the toy
car to move down the inclined plane and hit the block of wood.
Figure 13. A toy car on an inclined plane
5. Measure how far the block moved. Record this as the stopping distance.

Table 1. Stopping Distance and Time of the Toy Cars

Initial Distance Stopping Distance (cm) Stopping Distance (cm)
(cm) of Small toy car of Big toy car
20
40
60
80
100

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 while varying only the initial position / distance for 40 cm, 60
cm, 80 cm, 100 cm.
7. Do steps 4 to 6, this time using the bigger toy vehicle. Record your data in the
table.
Guide Questions:

Q1. How will you compare their stopping distances?

Q2. Did the two toy vehicles immediately stop as they hit the block of wood? Describe the
stopping distances of the two toy cars.

Q3. Which has a greater stopping distance, the small toy car or the big toy truck? How do
the stopping distances of each one change according to the point of release?

Q4. If momentum is a measure of how difficult it is to stop a moving object, which of the
two vehicles had a greater momentum?
LET US STUDY!

DISCUSSION

Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion." If an object is at rest, it has no

momentum. All objects have mass; so if an object is moving, then it has momentum - it has
its mass in motion. The amount of momentum that an object has is dependent upon two
variables: how much stuff is moving and how fast the stuff is moving. Momentum depends
upon the variables mass and velocity.
A bus travelling for example has momentum. The momentum of the bus is the product of
its mass and velocity, p=mv. Thus, the momentum of the bus is greater than the car of the
same velocity since the bus is massive than the car. On the other hand, a jeepney parked
on the side of the road has no momentum at all. Therefore, an object can have a large
momentum if its velocity is increased.
Sample problem 1

Consider a car of mass 1000 kg traveling with a velocity of 8 m/s toward

the east. What is the momentum of the car?
Given: m = 1000 kg v = 8 m/s
Find: p
Solution: p=m·v
= (1000 kg) (8 m/s)
= 8000 kg · m/s east

Demonstrate road safety practices as a passenger – H3IS-Ivc-d-22

What causes a change in momentum? Did you know?

Changes in momentum happen every time. It occurs R.A. No. 8750 - This Act shall be
when there is a change of the objects’ mass and known as the "Seat Belts Use Act of
velocity, or both. A fast-moving car when suddenly 1999." This law mandates driver
stopped because a force is applied to the car for a given and front seat passengers of public
duration of time through its brakes. Therefore, the car’s and private motor vehicles to use
velocity is changed, and in turn, the car’s momentum seat belt devices while inside a
vehicle of running engine on any
is also changed. This type of incident in moving
road or thoroughfare for safety.
vehicles might have damaging effects not only to the
vehicle itself but also to the person riding it. This the reason why various devices have been
installed in vehicles to ensure the safety of the
passengers. The use of seatbelts is even prescribed
by law to lessen injuries from car crashes. Inflatable
airbags are also installed in most cars aimed to
increase the time of impact and reduce the force
between the driver or passenger and the crashing
vehicle in the event of a sudden deceleration.

Humans experience momentum and impulse in everyday life. As you walk, run,
climb, jump, swim, and ride on vehicles. Yet, external forces act on moving objects which
resulted in the sudden change of momentum and impulse. Hence, vehicular collision and
accidents are vulnerable to happen around you. These accidents pose damage to
properties, and even risk the lives of the driver or the passengers.
With the power of technology, it engineered motor vehicles to embed cushioning
devices or shock absorbers to bring you to safety during collision. With the science of
momentum and impulse, you are reminded to drive or ride safely and responsibly, while
obeying road signs. Most importantly, always wear helmets, seatbelts, protective clothing,
and similar others for your protection and the people around you.

LET US PRACTICE!
Let us practice computing for momentum.
Exercises:

Given the following data, solve for momentum using the formula p = mv.
OBJECT MASS (kg) VELOCITY (m/s) MOMENTUM
(kg.m/s)
Bird 0.03 18
Basketball player 70 5
Bullet 0.004 600
Baseball 0.14 30
Frog 0.9 12

Remember this:

LET US PRACTICE MORE!

Direction: Given the following data, solve for the momentum, mass and velocity using the
formula. Applying the equation learned, answer the following problems. (Show your solutions.)

1. A bowling ball whose mass is 4.0 kg is rolling at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What is its
momentum?

2. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s with a momentum of 6.0 kg-m/s. What
is its mass?

3. A pitcher throws a baseball with a mass of 0.5 kg and a momentum of 10 kg-m/s. What
is its velocity?
EVALUATION:
Directions: Answer as indicated. Write your answers in A and B in a separate sheet of
paper.
A. Read the statements carefully and write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the answer
is false, underline the word that makes the statement wrong. Write the correct word on the
space to make the statement correct.

1. The standard unit on momentum is the Joule.

2. An object with mass will have momentum.
3. A less massive object can never have more momentum than a more massive object.
4. An object can be traveling eastward and slowing down; its momentum is westward.
5. Momentum is a conserved quantity; the momentum of an object is never changed.
6. Momentum is a vector quantity.
7. The momentum of an object varies directly with the speed of the object.
8. An object which is moving at a constant speed has momentum.
Two objects of different mass are moving at the same speed; the more massive object
will have the greatest momentum.
10. An object with a changing speed will have a changing momentum.

B. Analyze the situation and answer carefully.

1. A 2,500 kg bus from Dumaguete moves at 25 m/s to Valencia. What is the momentum of
the bus?

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY:

Instruction: Applying the concepts of momentum, read and understand the situations
below and briefly answer the questions that follow.

1. As a driver, why do you need to install and/or use seatbelts and other shock absorbers
in vehicles?

2. Suppose a car is traveling at a speed of 90 km/hr. when a person suddenly crosses in

the middle of the road. To prevent hitting the person, the driver has two options: either he
crashes his car at a concrete wall or at a muddy agricultural lot. Which of these should he
wisely do to lessen damage and/or risks? Explain your answer.

Criteria Excellent 5 Good 3 Poor 1

Content / Goal Showed exceptionally clear Showed good Student did not show
understanding of the understanding of the understanding of the
concepts and strongly and concepts with some concepts and personal
clearly states personal references and clearly opinion is not easily
opinion. states personal opinion. understood.
Organization The sentences are well- The sentences are correct There is little or no
written and complete. but with few evidence of sentence
inconsistencies. structure.
Grammar Has no grammatical or Has few Has many grammatical /
mechanical error in the grammatical/mechanical mechanical errors.
output. errors which are not
distracting.

Student’s Feedback:

Prepared:

JONIMAE L. FRIAS
Subject Teacher