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Biochem Assignment 1 Nucleotide

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA. A nucleotide consists of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. In DNA the bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, while in RNA thymine is replaced with uracil. Nucleotides serve as precursors to build new DNA and RNA which store genetic information. They also act as activated intermediates in many biosyntheses and are components of coenzymes and cofactors. Nucleotides play an essential role as the basic building blocks for genetic material and in various metabolic processes in the cell.

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69 views4 pages

Biochem Assignment 1 Nucleotide

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA. A nucleotide consists of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. In DNA the bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, while in RNA thymine is replaced with uracil. Nucleotides serve as precursors to build new DNA and RNA which store genetic information. They also act as activated intermediates in many biosyntheses and are components of coenzymes and cofactors. Nucleotides play an essential role as the basic building blocks for genetic material and in various metabolic processes in the cell.

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Hadia Sajid
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ASSIGNMENT

BIOLOGICAL
IMPORTANCE OF
NUCLEOTIDES
BIOCHEMISTRY

July 7, 2022
SUBMITTED BY; ZAKIA SAJID
SUBMITTED TO;MISS SANIA
WHAT ARE NUCLEOTIDE?
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). A
nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in
DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. The
bases used in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).
In RNA, the base uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. DNA and RNA molecules
are polymers made up of long chains of nucleotides.

WHAT ARE THE FUNTION OF A NUCLEOTIDE?

In addition to their roles as the subunits of nucleic acids, nucleotides have a


variety of other functions in every cell: as energy carriers, components of
enzyme cofactors and chemical messengers.

WHAT IS THE BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF NUCLEOTIDES?

Nucleotides are the building blocks that are necessary for making new DNA
and RNA. RNA is similar to DNA, except that the molecule uradine replaces
thymine in that pair, and RNA is an intermediary between DNA and protein . A
gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides, and gene are what make our
chromosomes.

 A PRECURSOR OF DNA AND RNA:

DNA and RNA are the molecules that


evolution chose to store all genetic
information. But at the time when life
began, the prebiotic soup may have
contained other information molecules,
which were ultimately superceded by
present day nucleic acids.

 ACTIVATED INTERMEDIATES IN MANY


BIOSYNTHESES:
e.g UDP-glucose glycogen,

CDP- diacylglycerol phosphoglycerides,

S-adenosylmathinoine as methyl donor, etc.

 COFACTOR OF ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE:

Adenine nucleotides are components of the coenzymes ,NAD(P)+,


FAD ,and CoA.

 BIOSYNTHESIS:

Simple compounds are modified, converted into another compounds , or


joined to form macromolecules.

 POLYSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS:

When the cells are grown on a carbon source different than glucose,then
polysaccharides are synthesized using a different pathway. Glucogenesis
(GNG)is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose
from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as phosphoenolpyruvate
(PEP)
  METABOLIC REGULATORS:

(a) c-AMP is the mediator of hormonal actions


(b) ATP-dependent protein phosphorylation - activates phosphorylase
and inactivates glycogen synthase
(c) Adenylation of a Tyr of bacterial glutamine synthetase - more
sensitive to feedback inhibition and less active
(d) Allosteric regulator - glycogen phosphorylase activated by ATP and
inactivated by AMP.

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