Cost control by:

Standardising, replicating wherever possible and following a

manufacturing-style value-engineering approach.

One oilfield services executive noted:

“The main cost drivers are specifications. We are designing Rolls-Royces

instead of Minis. There is so much gold-plating on everything we are
doing now”.

Deloitte -
Standardisation
 WORLDWIDE

Bufab Group

Established 2.700 mSEK

in 1977 (300 mEUR) in annual
turnover

Listed on the Headquarters in 30 wholly owned

stock exchange Värnamo, Sweden subsidiaries in
23 countries

940 In-house 140 000 13 000

employees production articles customers

4
OUR CUSTOMERS

SECTOR REFERENCES

Engineering

Automotive

Oil & Gas

Offshore/ Marine

Process

Industrial Construction

Energy

Science

5
 20152 New name: BUMAX AB

20152 Bumax NORSOK

20132 Bumax Super Duplex

20132 Bumax New Generation

Bumax PED 2002

approved
BUMAX AB Production sites
Sales and Customer service, Örebro Sweden
Central warehouse, Värnamo Sweden
Cold heading and hot forging, Åshammar Sweden
Manufacturing of fasteners since 1899
Stainless fastener production since 1926 (one of the first
in the world)
M3 to M36
Turning, Värnamo Sweden
Ø 6 to 65 mm, CNC lathes, small volume
Ø 8 to 35 mm, CNC multi-spindle, volumes over 10 000
items
Ø 5 to 45 mm, Hydromat, volumes over 25 000 items
 Quality
ISO 9001
ISO 14001, environmental management
The Pressure Equipment Directive PED No 97/23/EC (BUMAX 88)
ISO/TS 16949, management system for Automotive Industry
CE marking for non-preloaded applications according to EN 15048
Norsok M-650 D60
 BUMAX®
• Solution provider regarding materials with in house material expertise

• Made in Sweden and only European material according to our own specification

• Cold headed fasteners with unique mechanical properties.

• Norsok approved for turned Super Duplex fasteners

• Expertise in cold heading of difficult stainless material

 Families of Stainless Steel?
EN 10022: Corrosion resistant steels
Stainless steels are alloyed steels with a carbon content of max 1.2% and min 10.5% Chromium , with or without other
alloying elements

Austenitic Duplex
(ferrite-austenitic)
Cr 18% Cr 25%
Ni 8% Ni 7%
Fe bal Mo 4%
Fe bal

Martensitic Ferritic
Cr 17%
C 0.2% Fe bal
Cr 13%
Fe bal
BUMAX® begins where standard ends

BUMAX® grade selection cross

 BUMAX® portfolio
Nominal wt%

Pitting Resistance Equvivalent, PRE value, a common and good way of ranking stainless steels

PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N

 Corrosion resistance
5 year exposure at coastal roads
Results from exposure of stainless steel specimens in heavily trafficated coastal roads at
different locations in Sweden.
Maximum attack depth in µm.

Grade Standard PRE Borås Gothenburg Öresund Öland Höga Svartnora

kusten

A2 (304) 1.4310 20 65 50 64 100 80 29

A4 (316) 1.4404 25 35 52 30 45 27 -
A4 (316L high Mo) 1.4436 27 - - - - - -
Lean Duplex 1.4162 26 - - 26 62 - -
Duplex 1.4462 36 - - - - - -
Super Duplex 1.4410 42 - - - - - -
254SMO 1.4547 43 - - - - - -

Outokumpu Corrosion Data

 Mechanical properties
Grade Strength Yield Strength Tensile strength (MPa),
Class (MPa), min min
Strength class designation according ISO 3506 (stainless steel fasteners)
A4-70 70 450 700
A4-80 80 600 800
Strength class designation according ISO 898 (carbon steel fasteners)
8.8 Carbon steel 8.8 640 800
10.9 Carbon steel 10.9 900 1000
12.9 Carbon steel 12.9 1080 1200
Bumax 88 8.8 640 800
Bumax 109 10.9 900 1000
Bumax SDX 12.9 1080 1200
Bumax Ultra 15.9 1350 1500

Standard A2 or A4 stainless steel has lower strength than Carbon steel

Bumax offers same or higher strength than Carbon Steel
 Strain hardening
Cold forming such as drawing and cold Duplex microstructure before
heading stretches the grains  Higher and after strain hardening
strength
Bumax production

The wire is straightened, drawn and cut into

length

Cold heading in several steps.

Chamfering of the
screw tip
Threading by rolling
Bumax production
 Rolled vs Cut threads

Rolled threads offers several advantages

Work hardening occurs during rolling  higher strength and hardness
Compressive stresses increases Fatigue resistance
Higher thread hardness reduces the risk of galling

Machining disrupt grain Work hardening causes the material

flow and create planes of to plastically flow
weakness
Fatigue
Fatigue occurs when a material is subjected to repeated loading and unloading
(cyclic loading)
Repeated stress may be much less than the yield strength
Microscopic crack form at stress concentrations such as
Surface defects
Inclusions
Slags
Fatigue fracture
 Fatigue resistance of BUMAX Duplex
M6x50 ISO 4017 Tested at Sandvik R&D

Stress, MPa BUMAX Duplex BUMAX 88 A4-80

Typical preload cycles before fracture cycles before fracture cycles before fracture
TS 1130 MPa YS 978 MPa TS 1090 MPa YS 928MPa TS 960 MPa YS 815 Mpa
A 4.4 mm A 3.5 mm A 4.6 mm
400±50 10 million 10 million 10 million
400±50 10 million 10 million 1.4 million
400±55 10 million 10 million 0.4 million
400±55 10 million 10 million 0.4 million
400±60 10 million 4.2 million 0.5 million
400±60 10 million 5.6 million 0.3 million
400±70 10 million 1.9 million -
400±70 10 million 1.8 million -
400±80 10 million 0.7 million -
400±80 10 million 0.4 million -
400±85 10 million - -
400±85 2.6 million - -
400±90 5.1 million - -
400±90 0.6 million - -
400±95 0.4 million - -
400±95 0.3 million - -
 ISO and ASTM
ISO 3506 ASTM A193
Austenitic Austenitic

A2 A4 A8 B8 B8M A8

50 70 80 Class 2 Class 1

Soft Strain Strain hardened Strain hardened Solution treated

hardened High strength

Type Dimension Min TS Min YS Min elong.

70 All 700 MPa 450 MPa 0.4 x d mm
80 All 800 MPa 600 MPa 0.3 x d mm
Class 2  ¾” 758 MPa 655 MPa 15%
>¾” – 1” 689 MPa 552 MPa 20%
>1” – 1.1/4” 655 MPa 448 MPa 25%
>1.1/4” – 1.1/2” 621 MPa 345 MPa 30%
Bumax, higher standard within standards

Fastener standard Steel standard Brand name

(Just a few examples many more exists)

C Cr Ni Mo
316 0.08 16-18 10-14 2-3 Bumax 88
C Cr Ni Mo
316L 0.03 16-18 10-14 2-3 Bumax 109
C Cr Ni Mo
UNS S31603 0.03 16-18 10-14 2-3

C Cr Ni Mo
UNS S31651 0.08 16-18 10-14 2-3

C Cr Ni Mo
EN 1.4401 0.07 16.5-18.5 10-13 2-2.5

C Cr Ni Mo C Cr Ni Mo
A4 0.08 16-18.5 10-15 2-3 EN 1.4404 0.03 16.5-18.5 10-13 2-2.5

B8M C Cr Ni Mo C Cr Ni Mo
0.08 16-18.5 10-15 2-3 EN 1.4432 0.03 16.5-18.5 10.5-13 2.5-3 Tighter spec
than any
C Cr Ni Mo
EN 1.4435 0.03 17-19 12.5-15 2.5-3 standard. Exact
chemical
C Cr Ni Mo
EN 1.4436 0.05 17-19 12.5-15 2.5-3 composition is
confidential
C Cr Ni Mo
SS 2343 0.03 17-19 12.5-15 2.5-3

C Cr Ni Mo
SS 2347 0.07 16.5-18.5 10-13 2-2.5
 BUMAX® 88/109
Bumax 88 and Bumax 109 are premium A4 fastener offered in two strength
classes

Bumax 88/109 offer many advantages compared to a typical A4 fasteners

Higher strength
Better corrosion resistance
Higher fatigue resistance
Always thread rolled and coated with our tailor made assembly wax to prevent
galling
Full traceability with 3.1 certificate
Stock product
 Water Jet
Grade:
BUMAX 88
Customer: Country:
Rolls Royce Sweden,
Finland,
Norway, USA
Rolls Royce water jest are used on navy
ships as well as civil high speed boats.
BUMAX 88 fulfills the demands of:
• Corrosion resistance in seawater
• High fatigue resistance
• Consistent, reliable, high quality
material
Control Valves for X-mas tree
Grade:
BUMAX 88
Customer: Country:
Oceaneering Norway
Rotator
Hydraulic Directional Control
Valves (HCVs) are used to
control various critical
functions of a subsea X-mas
Tree (XMT) and other well
access tooling.
Submarines
Grade:
BUMAX 88
Customer: Country:
TKMS Germany
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS)
is one of the leading system providers
for submarines and naval vessels..
BUMAX 88 fulfills the rigorous quality
and security demands for HDW
submarines.
• Reliable and consistent properties.
• Full traceability
• High strength
• Good corrosion resistance
• Many different sizes in stock
Cargo pump system
Grade:
BUMAX 88, BUMAX 109, BUMAX
Super Austenite
Customer: Country:
Frank Mohn Norway
Cargo pumps for handling different types of
liquid cargo. Many times highly corrosive
medias.
The reasons for using BUMAX are:
• Consistent, reliable, high quality material
• High strength
• Good corrosion resistance
• Full traceability
• Large range of dimensions ins tock
 Thruster
Grade:
BUMAX 88
Customer: Country:
Brunvoll Norway
Brunvoll manufacture thrusters and
provides driving/control systems in
connection with the thruster. BUMAX 88
is mounted on the propeller blade and
offers.
• Good corrosion resistance in sea
water
• Excellent fatigue resistance
• Full traceability
• Consistent, reliable, high quality
material
Offshore Windmill
Grade:
BUMAX 88
Customer: Country:
Alstom North Sea
Alstom is designing and producing
offshore and onshore wind turbines.
BUMAX 88 because of its:
• Excellent corrosion resistance
• Consistent, reliable, high quality
material
CERN, Particle accelerator
Grade:
BUMAX 109
Customer: Country:
CERN FRA, CN
At CERN, physicists are probing the
fundamental structure of the universe.
BUMAX 109 is used in the cavity system
of the particle accelerator and fulfills the
high demands of:
• High strength
• Low magnetic permeability
• Low Cobalt content
 BUMAX® Super Duplex (SDX)
strain hardened
Bumax SDX has exceptional corrosion resistance and suited for marine
environments in chloride bearing medias such as saltwater.

Bumax SDX offer many advantages compared to other Super Duplex fasters
that are available on the market

Higher strength. BUMAX SDX is offered in strength class 10.9 or 12.9

Cold formed and thread rolled which and thereby offers higher strength, higher
fatigue resistance and less risk of galling
Best possible steel, 1.4410, UNS S32750, grade from Sandvik
Always coated with our tailor made assembly wax
Full traceability with 3.1 certificate
Stock product, visit www.bumax.se
 Real strength on BUMAX® Super Duplex

Strength on Bumax SDX in stock

Marked class 100

Type Dim Rm 1 Rm 2 Rp0,2 1 Rp0,2 2

(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
ISO 4014 M12x100 1208 1224 1102 1112
ISO 4014 M12x120 1219 1198 1079 1084
ISO 4014 M12x80 1218 1239 1103 1108
ISO 4014 M12x90 1215 1215 1101 1110
ISO 4762 M12x100 1231 1255 1055 1091
ISO 4762 M12x120 1207 1224 1033 1055
ISO 4762 M12x45 1248 1226 1128 1125
ISO 4762 M12x50 1205 1254 1105 1149
ISO 4762 M12x90 1210 1219 1042 1061
 Exceptional ductility of Bumax SDX
Bumax SDX Class 12.9
ISO 4762 M10x100
Tensile strength 1284 MPa

A4 class 70, elongation min 0.4 x diameter

A4 class 80, elongation min 0.3 x diameter
Subsea fiber optic transmission

Grade:
BUMAX Hyper Duplex
Customer: Country:
Siemens Norway
Fiber optic sub sea cables used for
communication, monitoring and
controlling the oil/gas platform. The
applications should last at least 25 years
Titanium screws has previously been
used but has been substituted by
BUMAX Super Duplex due to:
• Better corrosion resistance
• Much higher strength
• The grade has excellent track record
in oil/gas, offshore applications
• Lower cost than Titanium
BUMAX® SDX Application
Grade:
BUMAX Super Duplex
Customer: Country:
InApril Norway
InApril manufactures complete and fully
integrated ocean bottom node based
seabed seismic solution systems for oil
exploration. Super Duplex cold headed
fasteners are used for the system. Super
duplex is needed to achieve enough strength
and corrosion resistance. The fasteners are
surface treated to prevent galvanic
corrosion. System is used down to 3000 m.
Marine suspension seats

Grade:
BUMAX SDX
Customer: Country:
Ullman Sweden
Dynamics
Ullman Dynamics is the World Leader in
Shock Mitigation Seating. Ullman
Dynamics contacted Bufab because of
corrosion problems with their A4
fasteners.
 Norsok approved SDX
It has not existed any Fastener standard for Norsok until now

Norsok Super Duplex fasteners has been bar turned from Norsok M-630 MDS
D57 approved bars and machined fasteners from it
Using the bar MDS D57 also for fasteners

Norsok has however recently released two standard specifically for fasteners
M-630 MDS D60, machined fasteners
M-630 MDS D59, strain hardened fasteners
 Norsok summary
MDS D57 MDS D60 MDS D59
Type of MDS Bar material Fasteners Fastener
Tensile strength Rm 750 MPa Tested on 750 MPa Tested on 860 MPa Tested on
min bars (steel bars (from fasteners
mill D57
Yield strength Rp0.2 550 MPa 550 MPa 725 MPa
certificate) certificate)
min
Elongation A min 25% 16% 16%
RA min - 30% 30%
Impact strength 45J average 45J average 45J average
min at -46°C at -50°C at -46°C
Hardness max - 33 HRC 35 HRC
Corrosion test G48 No pitting Tested on No pitting Tested on No pitting Tested on
max 4 g/m2 bars (steel max 4 g/m2 bars (from max 4 g/m2 bars (from
mill D57 D57
Ferrite content 35 - 55% 40 - 60% 40 - 60%
certificate) certificate) certificate)
Microstructure No detrimental No detrimental No detrimental
phases phases phases
BUMAX® Norsok SDX application
Johan Sverdrup

• Bolts for Johan Sverdrup in Super Duplex

• Norsok D60 and Statoil VN605 Specifikation
• Life expectency min 50 years
• Corrosion resistance with PRE Min 40
• Studbolts, nuts and washers
 Super duplex fastener production
Production Typical Comment
properties

Machined Rm 820 MPa Most common way of producing Super Duplex fasteners
Rp0.2  630 MPa Most competitors do not test the strength on the final product, they are copying
the bar properties into the certificate

Hotforged Rm 900 MPa Super Duplex are very sensitive in the temp range of 600 to 1000 °C
Rp0.2  750 MPa Formation of intermetallic phases and forming delta-ferrite
These defects will drastically reduce the corrosion resistance and ductility of
the fastener
Formation of oxide that will decrease corrosion resistance unless it is
thoroughly removed

Important that the final fastener is thoroughly tested to make sure that the
microstructure is OK
Strain hardened Rm 1220 MPa Unique production method for Bumax
Bumax SDX Rp0.2  1080 MPa Does not add any extra heat during processing so it is completely safe from forming
any type of intermetallic phases
Bumax always test the final product
 BUMAX® Lock
ALL-METAL
LOCK NUT

Bumax Lock is an all-metal lock nut made out of the same steel grade as
Bumax 88
Special designed thread profile that locks when it is tightened
316L high Mo Bumax Lock in stock
Bumax Lock is free spinning with no prevailing torque
Better load distribution and greater gripping strength
Reusable, up to approximately 10 times
Prevents vibration loosening and increased fatigue resistance
NOV uses Bumax Lock

NOV
 Tightening Torque and Friction

Pre-tension is necessary for a joint to resist stresses and function correctly

The greater part of the tightening torque is used to overcome friction
Only 10 to 20% of the torque remains to achieve the pretension force (preload).
 Tightening Torque and Friction

Control of the friction is the key to be able to predict a clampload

A4-80 with insufficient

lubrication
Torque to achieve a preload of 65% of
the yield strengths

Bumax 88 offers low and

consistent friction

24 kN 35 kN 65 kN 102 kN 181 kN
 Tightening torque, Waxed Stainless

The calculated torque will

give a preload that is
approximately 65% of the
yield strength.

Increase torque on flange

screws/nuts with 10%

Increase torque on
countershunk screws with
30%

Can be found on www.bumax.se or technical handbooks

 Galling

Galling is a cold welding phenomena that can occur between male and female thread under
heavy pressure. Stainless steel is generally more sensitive than other metallic materials due to
the passive chromium oxide layer that breaks down under high pressure.

Bumax fasteners offers less risk of galling due to:

High surface hardness reduces the risk of galling.
Always thread rolled
Fasteners coated with assembly wax that gurantees a low and consistent friction
Overall better surface properties and less thread dimension variation

What is also important:

Avoid fine threads if possible
Use a good lubricant, with low and even friction coefficient
A high speed during assembly will generate more heat and increase the risk of
galling. Lowering the wrench speed during assembly and not use a power tool is
therefore recommended
Benefits
• Cost Savings
• Full Traceability
• Corrosion Resistance
• High Strength
• Fatigue Strength
• High Quality
• Heat Resistance
Q&A