ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARST
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)

Volume 7, Issue 2, July 2020

Non Linear Time History Analysis of an

Elevated Water Tank
Miss Nikita S. Gholap1 and Prof. M.N. Shirsath2
Student M.E. Department of Civil Engineering1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering2
G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering and Management, Ahmednagar
[email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract: Elevated water tank is a water storage facility supported by a tower and constructed at an
elevation to provide useful storage and pressure for a water distribution system. The height of the tower
provides the pressure for the water supply system. During the high peak hours of the water system, the static
potential reserved in the tank will be used to provide the pressure in the water pipes and helps the pumping
systems by maintaining the necessary water pressure without increasing pumping capacity. They also
present enough water pressure for fire fighting when the pumping systems are not sufficient to provide large
amount of water needed for fire extinguishing. In public water distribution system, Elevated water tanks are
generally used being an important part of a lifeline system. Due to post earthquake functional needs, seismic
safety of water tanks is of most important. Elevated water tanks also called as elevated service reservoirs
(ESRs) typically consists of a container and a supporting tower. In major cities and also in rural areas
elevated water tanks forms an Integral part of water supply system. The elevated water tanks must remain
functional even after the earthquakes as water tanks are most essential to provide water for drinking
purpose. These structures have large mass concentrated at the top of slender which have Supporting
structure and hence these structure are especially vulnerable to horizontal forces due to earthquakes.

I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Elevated water tanks are commonly used in public water distribution system. Being an important part of lifeline
system, and due to post earthquake functional needs, seismic safety of water tanks is of considerable importance.
Elevated water tanks also called as elevated service reservoirs (ESRs) typically comprises of a container and a
supporting tower (also called as staging). Staging in the form of reinforced concrete shaft and in the form of reinforced
concrete column-brace frame are commonly deployed. The segment prop outline sort of arranging is basically a 3D
fortified solid casing which underpins the compartment and opposes the sidelong loads instigated because of tremor or
wind. Aim of the present study is to bring out the differences in seismic behavior of column beam (Building) frame and
column brace (staging) frame in the post-elastic region and to quantify their ductility.

Figure 1.1: Bending Shear Failure in beam

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)

Volume 7, Issue 2, July 2020

So far, there has been no experimental test program (such as shaking table) that has studied the nonlinear response of
RC pedestals to the strong ground motions. The number of numerical studies is also very few and mainly limited to
only one or two elevated water tanks with certain tank weight and pedestal dimensions. This shows the need to further
evaluate some of the code requirements and equations. Poor performance in previous earthquakes, lack of experimental
results, and importance of these structures as lifelines, very limited numerical studies, and evaluation of certain parts of
the current code are the main drivers that necessitate a comprehensive study on the nonlinear performance of RC
pedestals.
Elevated water tanks are employed in water distribution facilities in order to provide storage and necessary pressure
in water net without rk systems. These structures have demonstrated poor seismic performance in the past earthquakes.
In this study, a finite element method is employed for investigating the nonlinear seismic response of reinforced
concrete (RC) pedestal in elevated water tanks. Pushover analysis is performed in order to construct the pushover
curves, establish the over strength and ductility factor, and evaluate the effect of various parameters such as
fundamental period and tank size on the seismic response factors of elevated water tanks.

1.2 Performance of Elevated Water Tank

Land and seismological disclosures amid the 20thcentury have helped in starting the improvement of seismic
construction regulations and tremor safe structures and structures. The improvement in seismic design requirements has
led to more robust, safe and reliable buildings. Due to the earthquake many buildings collapsed killing thousands of
people.

1.3 Various Analysis Methods

The analysis of isolation system can be done by following ways:
 Linear Static Analysis: Linear analysis methods give a good indication of the elastic capacity of the
structures and indicate where first yielding will occur. The straight static strategy for investigation is restricted
to little, standard structures.
 Linear Response Spectrum Analysis: Linear response spectrum analysis is the most common types of
analysis used. This is sufficient for almost all isolation system based on LRB and / or HDR bearings.
 Non-Linear Static Analysis: In a nonlinear static analysis procedure, the building model incorporates directly
the nonlinear force-deformation characteristics of individual’s components and elements due to inelastic
material response.
 Linear Time History Analysis: Linear Time History Analysis provides little more information than the
response spectrum analysis for a much greater degree of effort and is rarely used.
 The direct static technique for investigation is restricted to little, customary structures. Nonlinear time history
analysis is the dynamic analysis in which the loading causes significant changes in stiffness.

1.4 Modal Provision

A. One Mass Model
Elevated tanks shall be regarded as systems with a single degree of freedom with their mass concentrated at their
centre of gravity. The analysis shall be without both when the tank is full and when empty. Structural mass m, includes
mass of container and one-third mass of staging. Mass of container comprises of mass of roof slab, container wall,
gallery, floor slab, and floor beams. When full, the weight of contents is to be added to the weight under empty
condition. Staging acts like a lateral spring and one-third mass of staging is considered. The free period T, in seconds,
of such structures shall be calculated from the following formula

T  2 (1.1)
g
For modelling of the one mass model the lateral stiffness Ks is calculated by applying the lateral force to the staging of
the existing tank. And deflection (Δ) is noted then by using following formula the stiffness is calculated.
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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)

Volume 7, Issue 2, July 2020

Figure 1.2: One Mass Idealization of Tank

K=P/Δ (1.2)
This calculated stiffness is given by,
K = 3EI / L3 (1.3)
Equating eqn (1.2) and (1.3);
The equivalent diameter (De) for one mass model is calculated. The lumped mass for one mass model is calculated
from existing model and it consists of mass of water, mass of container and one third mass of staging.

B. Two Mass Model

A satisfactory spring mass analogue to characterize basic dynamics for two mass model of elevated tank was
proposed by Housner (1963) after the Chilean earthquake of 1960, which

Figure.1.3: Two mass model for elevated tank

Where, mi, mc, Kc, etc. are the parameters of spring mass model and charts as well as empirical formulae are given for
finding their values. The parameters of this model depend on geometry of the tank and its flexibility.

Figure 1.4: Impulsive and convective mass and convective spring stiffness
Time period of impulsive mode, Ti in seconds, is given by;
mi  ms
Ti  2 (1.4)
Ks
Lateral stiffness of the staging is the horizontal force required to be applied at the centre of gravity of the tank to cause
a corresponding unit horizontal displacement.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)

Volume 7, Issue 2, July 2020

II. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Non linear Time History Analysis
Time-History analysis is a step-by-step procedure where the loading and the response history are evaluated at
successive time increments, Δt– steps. During each step the response is evaluated from the initial conditions existing at
the beginning of the step (displacements and velocities) and the loading history in the interval.
Properties of ground motions under consideration are tabulated in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Properties of Ground Motion

2.2 Bracing
The most common reason for providing bracing on a steel concrete composite structure is for the control of buckling
in the main beams during unhealthy conditions.

2.3 Types of bracing

A. Single Diagonals Bracing
Trussing, or triangulation, is formed by inserting diagonal structural members into rectangular areas of a structural
frame, helping to stabilise the frame. If a single brace is used, it must be sufficiently resistant to tension and
compression.

Figure 2.1: Single Diagonal Bracing

B. Cross-bracing
Cross-bracing (or X-bracing) uses t without diagonal members crossing each other. These only need to be resistant
to tension, one brace acting to resist sideways forces at a time depending on the direction of loading. As a result, steel
cables can also be used for cross-bracing.
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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)

Volume 7, Issue 2, July 2020

Figure 2.2: Cross Bracing

However, this provides the least available space within the façade for openings and results in the greatest bending in
floor beams.

C. V (Knee) Bracing
This involves without diagonal members extending from the top without corners of a horizontal member and
meeting at a centre point at the lower horizontal member, in the shape of a V. Inverted V-bracing (also known as
chevron bracing) involves the without members meeting at a centre point on the upper horizontal member.

III. PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the present study water tank is designed for Laxmi township at Ranjangaon MIDC.

A. Design Data
 Total Structure=200
 Minimum water capacity required=200*5*135=135000 lit.
 Considering 10% commercial use extra.
 Total Capacity=150000 lit. = 150 m3
 Staging Height = 20m
 Assume height of tank = 4m (Ref. IS 3370)
 Thickness of CROSS BRACING wall = 180mm
 Thickness of base slab = 200mm
For rectangular water tank:
CAPACITY=L*B*H
150=L*B*4
Assume aspect ratio L/B=2
Therefore
Length (L): 9m
Width (B): 4.5m
Height (H): 4m
For circular water tank:
CAPACITY=3.14/4*D2*4
Diameter (D):7m
Height (H): 4m
Beam size-230x600
Column size-230x650
Earthquake zone-III
Time history –Bhuj
Soil medium- stiff
Depth of foundation-1.5m
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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)

Volume 7, Issue 2, July 2020

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

From the problem statement mentioned in above chapter the following models are proposed for time history analysis
for earthquake data of Bhuj data following models are prepared.
Model No.1 Rectangular water tank without bracing
Model No.2 Rectangular water tank with single bracing
Model No.3 Rectangular water tank with double bracing
Model No.4 Rectangular water tank knee bracing
Model No.5 Circular water tank without bracing
Model No.6 Circular water tank with single bracing
Model No.7 Circular water tank double bracing
Model No.8 Circular water tank knee bracing

Circular Water Tank and Rectangular Water Tank

base shear 3.366 x 102 KN2

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)

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V. CONCLUSION
In the given study the elevated water tank with various bracing systems are studied for staging height 20m.Firstly
water tank model is designed for 150 m3 capacity and for time history analysis BHUJ earthquake is considered.
Various models of bracing systems are proposed and following conclusions are made.
1. For rectangular water tank without bracing max velocity is 45mm/s. Difference between rectangular water
tank without bracing and rectangular water tank with single bracing is 5%
2. For rectangular water tank without bracing max deformation is 6.8 mm. Difference between rectangular water
tank without bracing and rectangular water tank with single bracing is 30%
3. For circular water tank without bracing max velocity is 39mm/s. Difference between circular water tank
without bracing and rectangular water tank with single bracing is 8%
4. For circular water tank without bracing max deformation is 4.4 mm. Difference between circular water tank
without bracing and circular water tank with single bracing is up to 15-20%

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST)

Volume 7, Issue 2, July 2020

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