Object Oriented Programming
(Java)
Module 4
Control Structures and Arrays
Understand the different control structures and their
functions in programs
Learn to manage array elements using control structures
Control Structures
4.1
Control Structures and Arrays
JAVA CONTROL STRUCTURES
if, else statement
switch, case statement
while loop
do, while loop
for loop
• Flow Controls
if-else Statement
The if statement enables your program to
selectively execute other statements, based
on some criteria.
The else statement performs a different set of
statements if the expression is false.
Syntax:
if(condition/boolean expression) {
//codes to execute if the condition is true
}
else {
//codes to execute if the condition is false
}
Control Structures and Arrays
switch Statement
The switch statement is used to conditionally
perform statements based on an integer
expression.
Syntax:
switch(varName)
{
case const1: codes here; break;
case const2: codes here; break;
default: codes here; break;
}
Control Structures and Arrays
Keywords
The break statement causes the program
flow to exit from the body of the switch
construct.
Each case label takes only a single
argument, but when execution jumps to one
of these labels, it continues downward until it
reaches a break statement.
Control Structures and Arrays
Keywords
The default keyword is comparable to
the else part of the if statement.
The statements associated with this
keyword is executed if the value of the
switch variable does not match any of the
case constants.
Control Structures and Arrays
while Statement
The while loop executes a given statement
or block of statements repeatedly as long as
the value of the expression is true.
Syntax:
while(condition/expression) {
//codes to execute if condition is true
}
Control Structures and Arrays
do-while Statement
The do-while loop facilitates evaluation of
condition or expression at the end of the
loop to ensure that the statements are
executed at least once .
Syntax:
do{
//codes to execute if condition is true
} while(condition/expression);
Control Structures and Arrays
for Statement
The for loop executes a given statement or
a block of statements for a definite number
of times.
Syntax:
for (initialization; condition; altering list) {
//codes to execute if condition is true
}
Control Structures and Arrays
foreach Statement
The foreach loop is for traversing items in a
collection. foreach is usually used in place
of a standard for statement. It usually
maintain no explicit counter: they essentially
say "do this to everything in this set", rather
than "do this x times".
Syntax:
for(initialization : [collection/array]) {
//codes to execute if condition is true
}
Control Structures and Arrays
foreach Loop Example
int quizzes[ ] = {100,90,80};
for (int grade : quizzes) {
System.out.print(grade+”\t”);
}
OUTPUT:
100 90 80
Control Structures and Arrays
The following are used to further control the
loop statements:
The break statement causes the program
flow to exit prematurely from the body of the
loop statement.
Syntax: break [label];
Control Structures and Arrays
The following are used to further control the
loop statements:
The continue statement causes the
program flow to skip over and jump to the
end of the loop body, and then return the
control to the loop control statement.
Syntax: continue [label];
Control Structures and Arrays
The following are used to further control the
loop statements:
The label identifies any valid statement to
which control must be transferred
Syntax: [label:] statements;
Control Structures and Arrays
Arrays
4.2
Control Structures and Arrays
ARRAY
Ø An array is a structure that holds multiple
values of the same type.
Ø The length of an array is established when
the array is created (at runtime).
Ø After creation, an array is a fixed-length
structure.
Control Structures and Arrays
First index
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Array length is 10
Element at index 8
Control Structures and Arrays
Array Declaration
Syntax:
type arrayName[ ] = new type[length];
Example:
String names[ ] = new String[5];
int [ ]grades = new int[15];
double[ ] grades;
grades = new double[2];
Control Structures and Arrays
Array Initialization
Syntax:
type arrayName[ ] = {value,value,…};
Example:
String names[ ] ={“maria”,”blanco”,”forever”};
Control Structures and Arrays
Storing Values in an Array
Syntax:
arrayName[index] = value;
Example:
names[0] = “John Doe”;
names[1] = “Jane Doe”;
Control Structures and Arrays
Multi-dimesional Array
Syntax:
type[ ][ ] = new type[row][column];
Example:
int[ ][ ] = new int[5][4];
Control Structures and Arrays
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