Object Oriented Programming
(Java)
Module 1
Introduction to Java Technology
• Remember the History of Java Technology
• Understand the different features that Java offers
• Remember the different Java Editions
• Understand the use of JVM and J2SDK in creating
Java applications
• Know the History and features of Netbeans IDE
• Understand how to navigate through the Netbeans IDE
History and Features of Java
1.1
Object Oriented Programming
Java language, originally called the ‘Oak’, was developed by James
Gosling at Sun Microsystems, which is now a subsidiary of Oracle
Corporation, and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun
Microsystems' Java platform.
It has derived much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler
object model and fewer low-level facilities.
Introduction to Java Technology
Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-
oriented language that is specifically designed to have as few
implementation dependencies as possible.
The Java source code files (files with .java extension) are
compiled into a format called bytecode (files with .class
extension), which can be executed by a Java interpreter.
Introduction to Java Technology
It was intended for use in Sun’s project research to work on a
programming software to control electronic devices.
It was modified to take advantage of the World Wide Web.
The WebRunner, later named as HotJava, was the very first
web browser created in Java.
In 1995, the Netscape Navigator internet browser was also
developed to support Java.
Introduction to Java Technology
1. Simple, object-oriented, and familiar
2. Robust and secure
3. Architecture neutral and portable
4. High performance
5. Interpreted, threaded, and dynamic
Introduction to Java Technology
Java Program
class HelloWorld{ Compiler
public static void main(String args[ ]){
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
} Interpreter Interpreter
HelloWorld.java
Interpreter
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Win32 MacOS
Solaris
Introduction to Java Technology
Java Editions:
J2SE: Java 2 Standard Edition
J2EE: Java 2 Enterprise Edition
J2ME: Java 2 Micro Edition
Introduction to Java Technology
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
Java is a portable language that could run
on any platform. The language was able to do
this by generating intermediate code for a
hypothetical computer called a virtual machine.
Introduction to Java Technology
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a
program that runs on all computers. The JVM
creates a software simulation of a CPU and
memory and handles all communication between
the Java program and the underlying operating
system and hardware.
Introduction to Java Technology
myProgram.java
_________________ Interpreter
_____________
_______________
My
Program
myProgram.class
Compiler _________________
_____________
_______________
The Java source code (.java file) is normally
compiled to produce the bytecode file (.class file)
which is normally interpreted by the Java virtual
machine (JVM).
Introduction to Java Technology
The JVM and Application Architecture
source code “javac” byte code
Introduction to Java Technology
The JVM and Application Architecture
byte code Java Virtual Machine machine code
Introduction to Java Technology
How JVM Works
JVM for Windows OS
Windows
Byte code
.class File
(Java Application)
“Write once, run anywhere JVM for Linux OS
technology.” Linux
Introduction to Java Technology
The J2SDK (JDK)
Java 2 Software Development Kit contains
• java – the loader for Java applications
• javac – the compiler
• javadoc – the documentation generator
• other tools
Introduction to Java Technology
Steps in Creating a Java Application
1. Create the source code.
2. Compile the source code.
3. Run the program.
Introduction to Java Technology
Steps 1 : Creating the source code
Create the source code using any text
editor.
Save the file with a “.java” extension.
Example: HelloJava.java
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Steps 2 : Compiling the source code
Compile the source code to create the byte
code using javac tool from the J2SDK.
Open an MS-DOS console, browse for the
directory where you saved the source code.
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Steps 2 : Compiling the source code
Type the command javac HelloJava.java
and press ENTER.
Verify that the HelloJava.class has been
created.
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Steps 3 : Running the Program
To execute the program, type the
command: java HelloJava and press
ENTER.
Introduction to Java Technology
Exploring Netbeans IDE
1.2
Introduction to Java Technology
Introduction to IDE
• An Integrated Development
Environment is a computer software to
help computer programmers develop
software.
• The Leaders:
- NetBeans
- Microsoft Visual Studio
- Eclipse
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Introduction to IDE
• What does an IDE consist of:
- Source code Editor.
- Compiler and/or interpreter.
- Build- automation tools.
• Optional Tools:
- Debugger.
- Version control system.
- Various tools to simplify the construction of a GUI.
Introduction to Java Technology
Introduction to IDE
• Tools For Object Oriented Design:
- Object inspector.
- Class Browser.
- Class hierarchy diagram.
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Why Do We Need An IDE?
• IDE abstracts the configuration necessary to piece together
various utilities in one unit, which could ease the learning of
a language, and increases developer productivity.
• Most IDEs today have GUI modeling utilities that simplify the
development of UIs, which is critical for commercial
software today.
Introduction to Java Technology
The History Of NetBeans
• It all started as a student project called Xelfi
• The Goal was to write a Delphi- like Java IDE in Java for the
first time.
• The original plan was to develop network-enabled JavaBeans
components, hens the name. but coming out of the spec for
enterprise changed the plans.
• Sun decided it needs a more powerful Java development
tool, and the rest is history.
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About NetBeans
• A fast fully-featured Integrated Development Environment
(IDE) with support for Java.
• Compliant applications for accelerating development across
all major OS platforms.
• Provides an open source, high performance, modular,
extensible, multi-platform Java IDE for GUI, mobile tools,
Web, and Desktop applications.
• Written in java and therefore runs on every operating
system that supports Java VM.
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NetBeans Features
• Environment: easily configured user interface and a
modular architecture extensible with additional plugins.
• Project System: support for multiple source roots, easy
management of libraries, easily ported to other
environments, all based on Apache Ant.
• Web Development: Web Application project type, Supports
the J2EE 1.3 and 1.4 standards with web application build
support based on Apache Ant.
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NetBeans Features
• Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) Development: easy to create
and deploy and import java beans.
• Web Services Development: wizards for creating web
services and web services clients, providing the basic
(java/wsdl) code needed, and easy to use testing tools of
existing web services.
• Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) MIDP development:
visual design editor with end-to-end support for enterprise
applications.
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NetBeans Features
• Code Editor: Syntax highlighting for Java, XML, HTML, CSS,
JSP and IDL, full support of new JDK 1.5 features, live
parsing/error marking, popup javadoc, code completion, and
fast class importing.
• Refactoring: renaming, changing and moving of various
objects, field encapsulation and usage finding.
• Award Winning Debugger: Language independent debugger
core, variable modification and watches, various
breakpoints and “Fix and Continue” mechanism.
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NetBeans Features
• GUI Builder: fully WYSIWYG designer with "Test Form"
feature, extensible Component Palette pre-installed Swing
and AWT components, showing a components tree and
properties, automatic code generation and full JavaBeans
support.
• Version control Support: supports command lined vcs,
supplying merging and diff tools and containing a built- in
CVS client.
• XML: XML, DTD and CSS Text Editor and XML Productivity
Tools Wizards to help user generate codes.
Introduction to Java Technology
NetBeans Extras
• NetBeans Profiler: provides information about the runtime
behavior of applications. Allows developers to monitor the
thread state, CPU performance, and memory usage of their
applications. makes it easy to track down performance
problems and memory leaks.
• NetBeans Platform: provides the services common to
almost all large desktop applications such as: window, menu,
settings management and storage, file access and more.
Introduction to Java Technology
NetBeans Extras
• NetBeans Mobility Pack: used to write, test, and debug
applications for the Java Micro Edition platform (J2ME)
technology-enabled mobile devices. It integrates support for
the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) 2.0, the
Connected, Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) 1.1.
• The mobility pack allows for the unique “On-Phone”
debugging mode.
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NetBeans Matisse
• The biggest improvement
from the previous version
and the feature with the
biggest impact is the new
GUI- Builder, Matisse.
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NetBeans Matisse
• The Goal: to take the best features from OSX and VS
designers and allow the same possibilities for Java
Programmers.
• In order to reach that goal there was a need to develop a
new layout manager to support all the needed
functionalities.
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NetBeans Matisse
• Matisse provides a simple and intuitive layout of GUIs
without having to understand the complexities of Swing
layout managers.
• As you drag and drop components into a form, the IDE
automatically suggests alignment, spacing, and resizing
constraints.
• By simply right clicking a UI Object you can add an event
handler with a method waiting to be implemented without
knowing too much about the surrounding of this object.
(watch example clip in the site)
Introduction to Java Technology
NetBeans Matisse - Advantages
• For the first time, there’s an intelligent way to build GUI for
Java (unlike eclipse), that can actually compete with the
Visual Studio Gui builder.
• Supports internationalization, and industrial look-and-feel
rules, which is very important for large scale application
meant to be spread world wide.
• Builds also GUI web applications, HTML, JSP, etc
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NetBeans Matisse - Disadvantages
• No built-in support for Drag-n-Drop or double-click events.
• Matisse’s code is protected so customizing is not very easy
and not always possible.
• Not all applications are easily built. For instance, an MDI
Project is not that trivial to build
Introduction to Java Technology
How To Get Started?
• How to install
• A Quick start Guide
• Importing existing applications
• Advanced
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Installation
• Installing JDK: in order to install NetBeans you need to first
install JDK. You can easily find an installation in Sun’s web
site.
• NetBeans installation: you can find the installations kits for
all the versions in the NetBeans home page.
• Installation steps: you can watch a movie describing the
installation step by step in the.
Introduction to Java Technology
Quick Start Guide
1. Starting up a project
2. Creating and editing java source code
3. Compiling and running a project
4. Testing and debugging a project
Introduction to Java Technology
Starting Up A Project
• Creating a new project: in the file menu choose “new
project” and look at the possibilities.
Introduction to Java Technology
Starting Up A Project
• When creating a new project, NetBeans already includes
all the needed packages for compiling and testing. It also
outlines the sources by the right logical directories and
creates the files that are mandatory. For instance, if you
create a new java application you must implement a main
class and so it’s automatically created.
Introduction to Java Technology
Editing and Refactoring
• When editing a code you can see the difference between
the old version and the new version when using the Code
Completion tool.
• You can use “Find Usage” tool when working on a project to
predict the changes you will need to make.
• You can use refactoring to easily change places of things
without going through all the code to change it.
Introduction to Java Technology
Building and Running
• No makefile or manual creation of an Ant file needed (by
default). A simple instruction saying which class to run and
what to build will suffice. Netbeans will create the Ant file
automatically.
• While Building you can also generate the javadoc very easily.
Introduction to Java Technology
Testing
• JUnit Tests: you simply choose the
class you want to test and in the
tools menu choose “create JUnit
Test”. After filling the arguments
NetBeans automatically creates a
test class inheriting from TestCase
with the default methods to
implement and puts everything
under the Test package.
Introduction to Java Technology
Debugging
• NetBeans has two modes, run mode and debug mode.
• The debug mode is very easy to use.
• You can use the local variables window and watch window
to follow the progress of the program.
Introduction to Java Technology
NetBeans IDE Java Quick Start Tutorial
Contents:
üSetting Up the Project
üAdding Code to the Generated Source File
üCompiling and Running the Application
Required Software/Resource:
üNetBeans IDE version 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, or 8.0
üJava Development Kit (JDK)version 6, 7, or 8
Introduction to Java Technology
Setting Up Your First Project
To create an IDE project:
1. Start NetBeans IDE.
2. In the IDE, choose File > New Project, as shown in the
figure below.
Introduction to Java Technology
Setting Up Your First Project
3. In the New Project wizard, expand the Java category
and select Java Application as shown in the figure below.
Then click Next.
Introduction to Java Technology
Setting Up Your First Project
4. In the Name and Location page of the wizard, do the following:
üIn theProject Name field, type HelloWorldApp.
üLeave the Use Dedicated Folder for Storing Libraries checkbox
unselected.
üIn the Create Main Class field, type helloworldapp.HelloWorldApp.
Introduction to Java Technology
Setting Up Your First Project
5. Click Finish.
üThe project is created and opened in the IDE. You
should see the following components:
üThe Projects window, which contains a tree view of
the components of the project, including source files,
libraries that your code depends on, and so on.
üThe Source Editor window with a file called
HelloWorldApp open.
üThe Navigator window, which you can use to quickly
navigate between elements within the selected class.
Introduction to Java Technology
Setting Up Your First Project
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Adding Code to the Generated Source File
Because you have left the Create Main Class checkbox
selected in the New Project wizard, the IDE has created a
skeleton main class for you.
You can add the "Hello World!" message to the skeleton
code by replacing the line:
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Setting Up the Project
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Compiling and Running the Program
üBecause of the IDE's Compile on Save feature, you do
not have to manually compile your project in order to run
it in the IDE.
üWhen you save a Java source file, the IDE
automatically compiles it.
üThe Compile on Save feature can be turned off in the
Project Properties window.
üRight-click your project, select Properties. In the
Properties window, choose the Compiling tab.
üThe Compile on Save checkbox is right at the top.
Introduction to Java Technology
Compiling and Running the Program
Note that in the Project Properties window you can
configure numerous settings for your project: project
libraries, packaging, building, running, etc.
To run the program:
Choose Run > Run Project.
Press F6/Shift+F6.
Click the run button from toolbar.
Click the play button from output window.
The next figure shows what you should now see.
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Compiling and Running the Program
Introduction to Java Technology
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