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Statistics
and

Probability
QUARTER 3

ACTIVITY SHEETS
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Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 3

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Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Tacloban City

Schools Division Superintendent: Mariza S. Magan
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Edgar Y. Tenasas

Development Team of the Activity Sheet

Writer: Kineth Kuyle A. Garcia / Ryan Paul C. Niones

Evaluator: Rodel V. Rosales

Management Team:

CID Chief: Mark Chester Anthony G. Tamayo

Division EPS of LRMS: Gretel Laura M. Cadiong

Division Learning Area EPS: Miguel Jr. V. Dumas

Department of Education - Region No. VIII – Schools Division Office of Tacloban City

Office Address: Real St., Tacloban City

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 GRADE 11
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Name: _____________________________ Strand/Section: __________________________
Learning Activity Sheet No. 5 Date Answered: _________________________

Lesson 5: NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Learning Objectives: The learner will be able to do the following:

1. illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics (M11/12SP-IIIc-1)
2. identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard
normal values (M11/12SP-IIIc-3).
3. converts a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa
(M11/12SP-IIIc-4)

Let’s kick it off!

Activity 1: Ruth, a student-researcher conducted an online test on three groups with different
number of participants. A three-item test to group A, a five-item test to group B and
a nine-item test to group C. The illustrations below were the frequency polygon and
relative histogram of each group.

Group A Group B Group C

Score f Score (X) f Score (X) f
(X) 1 1 1 1
*N = total number of participants

1 1 2 3 2 3
2 3 3 5 3 5
Frequency polygon

3 1 4 3 4 7
N 5 5 1 5 9
N 13 6 7
*f = frequency

7 5
8 3
9 1
N 41
10
8
FREQUENCY

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Histogram

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FREQUENCY

4 4 4
FREQUENCY

2 2 2
0 0 0
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SCORE (X) SCORE (X) SCORE (X)

What are your observations regarding the table above?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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 Are you taking it?

Questions:
1. What do you observe from the histogram as the number of participants involved was
increasing?

2. If we continue to increase the number of participants, what would be the shape of

the histogram?

3.Using the frequency polygon, can we construct its relative probability distribution?

4. What do we call this kind of distribution?

Here’s how it is!

Definition:
The probability distribution corresponding to the density function for the bell curve
with parameters is called the normal distribution with mean and standard deviation.

Brofar, Chelsea Mae B. 2020. Statistics and Probability:

Quarter 3-Module 3: The Normal Distribution. Bataan.
DepEd Bataan.

Figure 1: A Normal Probability Distribution

The following are the properties that can be observed from the graph of a normal
distribution, also known as Gaussian distribution.

1. The graph is a continuous curve and has a domain -∞ < X < ∞.

• This means that X may increase or decrease without bound.

2. The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis.

• The value of the variable gets closer and closer but will never be equal to 0.
• As the value of x gets larger and larger in the positive direction, the tail of the curve
approaches but will never touch the horizontal axis. The same thing happens when
the value of x gets larger and larger in the negative direction.

3. The highest point on the curve is the mean.

• The mean indicates the highest peak of the curve and is found at the center.

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 • The symbols below are based on where the data were taken. Take note the
following:
Mean Standard Deviation
Population – set of all members of a 𝜇 𝜎
defined group (read as myu) (read as sigma)
Sample – a portion or part of a population 𝑋 𝑠
(read as X bar)
• The median and mode of the distribution are also found at the center of the graph.
This indicates that in a normal distribution, the mean, median and mode are equal.

4. The curve is symmetrical about the mean.

• This means that the curve will have
balanced proportions when cut in halves
and the area under the curve to the right of
mean (50%) is equal to the area under the
curve to the left of the mean (50%).

5. The total area in the normal distribution under

the curve is equal to 1.
• Since the mean divides the curve into
Brofar, Chelsea Mae B. 2020. Statistics and Probability:
Quarter 3-Module 1: The Normal Distribution. Bataan.
halves, 50% of the area is to the right and DepEd Bataan.
50% to its left having a total of 100% or 1.

34.15% 34.15%

13.55% 13.55%

2.15% 2.15%
0.15% 0.15%
𝜇 − 3𝜎 𝜇 − 2𝜎 𝜇 − 1𝜎 𝜇 𝜇 + 1𝜎 𝜇 + 2𝜎 𝜇 + 3𝜎
Illustration made by Kineth Kuyle A. Garcia

6. In general, the graph of a normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve with two

inflection points, one on the left and another on the right. Inflection points are the points
that mark the change in the curve’s
concavity.
• Inflection point is the point at which a
change in the direction of curve at mean
minus standard deviation and mean
plus standard deviation.
• Note that each inflection point of the
normal curve is one standard deviation Brofar, Chelsea Mae B. 2020. Statistics and Probability:
away from the mean. Quarter 3-Module 1: The Normal Distribution. Bataan.
DepEd Bataan.

7. Every normal curve corresponds to the “empirical rule” (also called the 68 - 95 -
99.7% rule):

• about 68.3% of the area under the curve falls

within 1 standard deviation of the mean

Brofar, Chelsea Mae B. 2020. Statistics and Probability:

Quarter 3-Module 1: The Normal Distribution. Bataan.
DepEd Bataan.

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 • about 95.4% of the area under the curve falls
within 2 standard deviations of the mean

• about 99.7% of the area under the curve falls

within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

Brofar, Chelsea Mae B. 2020. Statistics and Probability:

Quarter 3-Module 1: The Normal Distribution. Bataan.
DepEd Bataan.

Consider the following examples:

1. Suppose the mean is 60 and the standard deviation is 5, sketch a normal curve for the
distribution. The illustration would look like this.

𝜇 − 𝑛𝜎 …. 𝜇 − 3𝜎 𝜇 − 2𝜎 𝜇 − 1𝜎 𝜇 𝜇 + 1𝜎 𝜇 + 2𝜎 𝜇+3𝜎 … . 𝜇+𝑛𝜎
Brofar, Chelsea Mae B. 2020. Statistics and Probability: Quarter 3-Module 1: The Normal Distribution. Bataan. DepEd Bataan.

From mean, 𝜇 to the left From mean, 𝜇 to the right

𝜇 − 1𝜎 (mean plus one standard deviation 𝜇 + 1𝜎 (mean plus one standard deviation
60-5= 55 60+5=65
𝜇 − 2𝜎 (mean plus two standard deviation) 𝜇 + 2𝜎 (mean plus two standard deviation)
60-2(5)=60-10=50 60+2(5)=60+10=70
𝜇 − 3𝜎 (mean plus two standard deviation) 𝜇 + 3𝜎 (mean plus two standard deviation)
60-3(5)=60-15=45 60+3(5)=60+15=75

2. A continuous random variable X is normally distributed with a mean of 45 and standard

deviation of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and find the probability of the following:

a. P (39 < X < 51) = 68.3% c. P (X > 45) = 50%

*Since the area covered is 1 standard * Since the area covered is half of the
deviation to the left and to the right. curve.

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 b. P (33 < X < 63) = 97.55% d. P (X < 39) = 15.85%

Brofar, Chelsea Mae B. 2020. Statistics and Probability: Quarter 3-Module 1: The Normal Distribution. Bataan. DepEd Bataan.

The Z- Score

The z-score is an essential component in standard normal distribution. This allows

us to describe a given set of data by finding the z-scores. This leads us to a question of how
z-scores are identified?

Given a normal random variable X with mean and standard deviation, each value of
x of the variable can be transformed into z-scores using the formula,

𝒙−𝝁 𝒙−
𝑧= 𝑧= X
𝝈 𝒔
where z = z- score or standard score where z = z- score or standard score
x = observed value x = observed value
µ = population mean X = sample mean
𝜎 = population standard deviation s = sample standard deviation

Z-scores are set of real numbers; therefore, it is expected that its value can be
integers, decimal numbers and the like. Using the formula, the actual mean becomes zero
(0) and the standard deviation is now equal to one (1).

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Illustration made by Kineth Kuyle A. Garcia

To illustrate how the value of x can be converted into z-score, here are some examples.

1. A random variable X has a mean, µ = 6 and a standard deviation, 𝜎 = 2. Find the

corresponding z-score for x = 11 and locate the z-score from which region under the normal
curve.

Given: x = 11 µ = 6 𝜎 = 2
𝑥−𝜇
Solution: 𝑧= Step 1: Write the formula.
𝜎
11−6
= Step 2: Substitute the given values.
2
5
= Step 3: Perform the operations.
2
= 2.5 Step 4: Write the corresponding z-score.

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 Using this z-score, z = 2.5, we can locate its value from which region under the normal
curve.

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
z = 2.5
Illustration made by Kineth Kuyle A. Garcia

2. A random variable X has a mean, X = 6 and a standard deviation, 𝑠 = 2. Find the

corresponding z-score for x = 3.
Given: x=3 X =6 𝑠=2
𝑥−𝑋
Solution: 𝑧= Step 1: Write the formula.
𝑠
3−6
= Step 2: Substitute the given values.
2
−3
= Step 3: Perform the operations.
2
= −1.5 Step 4: Write the corresponding z-score.

Using this z-score, z = - 1.5, we can locate its value from which region under the normal
curve.

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
z = -1.5
Illustration made by Kineth Kuyle A. Garcia

3. The scores in the summative test of 11- Abaka are normally distributed with a mean, µ =
65 and a standard deviation, 𝜎 = 12. Find the corresponding z-xcore of 113.

Given: x = 113 µ = 65 𝜎 = 12
𝑥−𝜇
Solution: 𝑧= Step 1: Write the formula.
𝜎
113−65
= Step 2: Substitute the given values.
12
48
= Step 3: Perform the operations.
12
=4 Step 4: Write the corresponding z-score.

Using this z-score, z = 4, we can locate its value from which region under the normal curve.

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Illustration made by Kineth Kuyle A. Garcia z=4

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 Here is an example if an actual data from random variable X is unknown but its
corresponding z-score is known:

1. A random variable X has a mean of 6 and a standard deviation of 2. Find the relative value
of z = -2.5.
Given: z = -2.5 µ = 6 𝜎 = 2
𝑥−𝜇
Solution: 𝑧= Step 1: Write the formula.
𝜎
𝑥−6
−2.5 = Step 2: Substitute the given values.
2
−2.5(2) = 𝑥 − 6 Step 3: Cross multiplication then perform the
−5 = 𝑥 − 6 operations
−5 + 6 = 𝑥
𝑥=1 Step 4: Write the relative value of z-score.

Now do it!

Directions: Answer the following problems

A. Suppose the mean is 75 and the standard deviation is 10, sketch a normal curve for
the distribution.

B. Write ND if the statement describes a characteristic of a normal distribution, and

NND if it does not describe a characteristic of a normal distribution.
1. The curve of the distribution is bell-shaped.
2. In a normal distribution, the mean, median and mode are of equal values.
3. A normal distribution has a mean that is also equal to the standard deviation.
4. The two parameters of the normal distribution are the mean and the standard
deviation.
5. Two standard deviations away from the left and right of the mean is equal to
68.3%.

C. Find the unknown values of each item. Use two (2) decimal places only.

1. µ = 12 𝜎 = 2.5 x=6 z=?

2. µ = 30 𝜎=5 x=? z = -1.6
3. X = 25 𝑠=8 x = 13 z=?
4. X = 48 𝑠 = 10.5 x=? z = 2.8

D. From Test C, locate the z-scores of item numbers 1 and 3 from which region under
the normal curve.

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 Ace it!

Directions: Answer the following problems. Write your answer/s in a clean sheet of paper.
A. Suppose the mean is 90.5 and the standard deviation is 5.5, sketch a normal curve
for the distribution.

B. Write ND if the statement describes a characteristic of a normal distribution, and

NND if it does not describe a characteristic of a normal distribution.
1. The curve is symmetrical about the mean.
2. The normal curve gradually gets closer and closer to 0 on one side.
3. The distance between the two inflection points of the normal curve is equal
to the value of the mean.
4. The normal curve can be described as asymptotic.
5. The area under the curve bounded by the x-axis is equal to 1.

C. Find the unknown values of each item. Use two (2) decimal places only

1. µ = 85 𝜎 = 15 x = 99 z=?
2. µ = 30 𝜎=5 x=? z = 1.6
3. X = 67 𝑠 = 12.8 x = 42 z=?
4. X = 48 𝑠 = 9.2 x=? z = 2.30

D. From Test C, locate the z-scores of item numbers 1 and 3 from which region under
the normal curve.

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References:

Albacea, Zita VJ., and David, Isidoro P. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School –
Statistics and Probability. Diliman, Quezon City: Commision on Higher Education.
Belecina, Rene R. and Baccay, Elisa S. 2019. Statistics and Probability. 2nd ed. Sampaloc,
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Brofar, Chelsea Mae B. 2020. Statistics and Probability: Quarter 3-Module 3: The Normal
Distribution. Bataan. DepEd Bataan.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO of Tacloban City

Real St., Barangay 54, Tacloban City (Capital), Leyte, 6500

Telephone: 053-888-5239

Email Address: [email protected]

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