Puter Studies 8 - 9 PAMPHLET
Puter Studies 8 - 9 PAMPHLET
MADE SIMPLE
GRADE 8 - 9
All rights reserved
Acknowledgments
The pamphlet presented here is a result of broad-based consultation involving several stakeholders within
the system. Many Heads of departments, and teachers were consulted to contribute towards the
completions of this pamphlet.
Contents
Notes for students
1. Terminologies
2. Types of computers
3. Parts of a computer
4. Input and output devices
1. Household appliances
2. Entertainment appliances
3. Office equipment
4. Industrial and commercial applications of computers
5. Computer based learning
1. Microsoft word
2. Microsoft excel
1. Networking
2. Using the internet
3. Web browsers
4. Using search engines
5. E mail.
1. Introduction
2. Graphics
3. Video and audio
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
1. Terminologies
2. Types of computers
3. Parts of a computer
4. Computer Hardware: Input and output devices
5. Basic operations of a computer
Learning objectives
After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Explain the meaning of the terms :hardware, software, Information, communication and others
2. Describe the main parts of a computer
3. State the three basic operations in a computer system
4. Identify a computer as a general purpose machine that operates under different sets of
instructions for various uses
5. Relate computer parts to the basic operations Differentiate between data and information.
6. State the main components of a computer system
1.1 Terminologies
Question 1
a) Computer
b) Hardware
c) Software
d) Data
e) Information
Answers
a) COMPUTER :
✓ This is an electronic device that is able to input, process data, store data and output
information.
✓ A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to
store, retrieve and process data.
b) HARDWARE
✓ Computer Hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer.
✓ These are computer components that one can see, touch and feel.
✓ Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such
as mouse, keyboard, monitor, CPU(system case), RAM
c) SOFTWARE
✓ Computer Software is a part of a computer system that consists of data or computer
instructions that consist of data or computer instructions.
✓ Computer software is a collection of instructions that enable the user to interact with the
computer, its hardware, or perform tasks.
d) DATA
Unprocessed information which is not meaningful
e) INFORMATION
Is processed data which has become meaningful and useful to the user.
Other important
terminologies
vii) GB Gigabytes: It a measurement of storage capacity of the unit bit equivalent to 1000, 000,
000 bits
viii) MHz (Megahertz): This is a measurement of frequency equivalent to one million per second.
ix) GHz (Gigahertz) is a measurement of frequency equivalent to one thousand million per
cycle..
Question
Laptop computer
• Laptop as PC in capacity
• It is portable computer
• Expensive than PC
• Typical Users: Business users
•
Personal digital assistant (PDA)
• Much smaller storage capacity compared to a PC
• Small enough to held in the palm of hand
• Typical users: Business user
• Example: Mobile phone.
Mainframe computer
• Very powerful computer and it often connected to many individual PCs over network
• Faster than PCs, used for processing large amounts of data as salaries
• Very expensive
• Typical Users: Banks and Building societies, Insurance
1.3 Main parts of a Computer
Questions
Answers
Hardware Software
(b) Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as
mouse, keyboard, monitor, CPU (system case), RAM
Software: Computer software is simply the instructions given to the hardware to carry out the
actual work. In other words, software is a general term for all computer programs.
Computer software
• Sets up the look and feel • You can run more than one at
of your computer the same time
interface • This can be used to edit data
• Control the hardware files
and software of your • Microsoft word, excel,
computer PowerPoint, access database
• MS DOS, Windows 95, etc
98, 2000, XP, vista,
windows 7, windows 8,
LINUX,
(j) Explain the use of the most commonly used application software (utilities)
Access database [sort large amount of information – creating list of contact details]
Questions
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is an electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the
instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control of
input/output devices.
Input devices: - is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact
with and control the computer. Examples are the Keyboard and the mouse.
Storage devices: - These are computer equipment on which information can be stored. E.g.
Hard drive, Flash drive, Compact disc etc.
Output devices: - are devices used to send data from a computer to another device or user.
A Computer system
Questions
Computer
system
Processing:- The CPU sometimes called the control unit directs the operation of the input and
output devices.
Output:- these devices display information on the screen (monitor) or the printers and sends
information to other computers.
Input devices
Questions
Web cam
Mouse
Joy stick
Scanner
Microphone
(b) Explain the use of the mouse and keyboard input devices.
Answer
Keyboard: A keyboard is an input device that contains keys [buttons] that the user presses to
enter data into a computer keyboard have 101 to 105 keys.
Mouse: A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of one’s hand. Pointing devices
minimize the amount of typing a user has to do.
Questions
✓ This is the component of a CPU that handles all the computational jobs of a computer.
✓ The ALU acts a calculator, performing arithmetic operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division and logical comparisons such as deciding whether
two numbers are equal.
(f) What values are used to measure the speed of the CPU?
Answer
The speed of the CPU is measured in either Gigahertz (GHz) or Megahertz (MHz) . For example
• 1 Megahertz is 1000,000 hertz, which means the CPU performs 1 million actions per second.
• 1 Gigabytes is 1000,000,000 which means the CPU performs 1 billion actions per second.
• Today modern CPU run at the speed of 2.8 GHz meaning it can perform 2,800,000,000
actions per second.
(h) Write down the steps to follow when checking the CPU speed using Windows:
2. Go to option Computer
3. After selection the option Computer you move or take your cursor on the blank area of
your computer.
4. Then right click on the blank area of your window and select the last option which is
properties.
Questions
ii) Read Only Memory (ROM):This is a built in computer memory containing data that
normally can only be read, not written to or changed in any way. It is permanent memory and
non- volatile. This type of memory does not lose data when power is switched off.
Storage
Questions
Answer
(f) Describe the memory capacity of the most commonly used storage devices.
Answer
Hard disc
The main memory of the computer. It is the fastest at accessing data. In most computers it has
storage capacity of 40---350Gb
Compact Disc
Compact disc has storage capacity of 650---700Mb
Floppy disc
Has storage capacity of1.44Mb and it is slowest at accessing data
Flash Disc
Has storage capacity which can range from 2Gb to 50Gb
Answer
The measurements of storage capacity.
(2) 700 KB TO MB
700 KB = X
1000KB = 1MB
X= 700MB/1000
X= 0.7 MB
BIT
BYTE
KILOBYTE
MEGABYTE
GIGABYTE
TETRABYTE
Answer
Capacity measurement Unit of storage
BIT 0 or 1
BYTE 8 BITS
MEGABYTE 1000 KB
GIGABYTE 1000 MB
TERABYTE 1000 GB
Output devices
Questions
Printers
Speakers
Plotter (used to print Maps and more complex drawings)
(c) Illustrate the devices which are both input and output devices
RESOLUTION: Refers to the numbers of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device.
PIXELS: This is the smallest unit of a digital image. The higher the number of pixels, the higher
the resolution, and the greater the sharpness and clarity of the images.
Peripheral devices
Question
Peripheral hardware is the name for the computer components that are not found within the
computer case. This includes input devices such as a mouse, microphone and keyboard, which
carry information from the computer user to the processor, and output devices such as a monitor,
printer and speakers, which display or transmit information from the computer back to the user.
Communication
Questions
A communication device is used to send {transmit} and receive data, instructions and information
between one or more computers or mobile devices. A modem is an example of a communication
device.
Question
(a) What are the common health problems associated with the use of computers?
Answers
Most common health problems associated with computer use:
✓ injuries related to working with keyboard and mouse → sprains (dislocation) / RSI
(Repetitive Strain Injury)
✓ flickering screen or improper distance from a monitor → vision impairment
✓ improper seating and inappropriate use of chairs → problems with the spine (due
to position of a computer, desk and chair, which affect posture)
✓ improper use of artificial light, light amount, light direction etc. also has a significant
impact on health, as it may also lead to vision impairment
(b) Briefly describe ways to prevent health problems associated with computer use.
Answer
✓ monitor must be kept away from the eyes approx. 50cm
✓ keyboard must be placed in front-wrists are in a straight position
✓ mouse must be located next to the keyboard-the forearm parallel with a desk
✓ chair should be adjustable (seat and backrest), with armrests
✓ take regular breaks from work, get up and walk, often change position (5- 10 minutes
every hour)
✓ exercise regularly
✓ relax eyes by looking into the distance(every 20min),
✓ rest arms (every 15min)
(c) What are the safety issues associated with computer use.
Answers
✓ Long and hanging cables look untidy and can cause accidents
✓ Overloading sockets and adaptors can cause electric shorts which in turn can start fires
✓ Heat and humidity are capable of damaging computers and other electronic devices
✓ Dust is another factor capable of slowing down or even damaging a computer
✓ Place your computer in a room that is both cool and dry. Heat and humidity are hard on
electronics.
✓ Make sure that there is ample air space around the PC to enable it to have a free airflow,
but avoid draft and dusty areas.
✓ Keep the PC’s cords and cables together and tucked out of the way to protect the cords,
the PC, and you.
✓ Avoid powering the system on and off frequently. In addition to cycling between heating
and cooling, it puts stress on its electronics.
✓ Enable any energy saving features on the PC, such as suspending the hard disk and
monitor to save electricity and extend the life of these components.
✓ Connect the PC to the AC power source through a surge suppressor or an
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to protect the PC against the problems associated
with electrical spikes, blackouts, and blowouts.
✓ Always wear an antistatic wrist or ankle strap when working inside the system unit
(case) to avoid possible damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
✓ Before beginning work on your PC or its peripherals, close any open applications, shut
down the PC, and unplug it from the wall.
✓ Avoid placing the PC, especially the monitor and speakers, near strongly magnetized
objects to avoid distortion or performance problems.
✓ Never connect or disconnect a serial, parallel, or video device while the system is
running.
✓ Always use the Shut Down option to close the Windows operating system before
powering down the PC.
(b) Demonstrate the need to take care of computers and various storage media to prevent
data loss
Answer
✓ Place your PC in a room that is both cool and dry. Heat and humidity are hard on
electronics.
✓ Make sure that there is ample air space around the PC to enable it to have a free airflow,
but avoid draft and dusty areas.
✓ Keep the PC’s cords and cables together and tucked out of the way to protect the cords,
the PC, and you.
✓ Avoid powering the system on and off frequently. In addition to cycling between heating
and cooling, it puts stress on its electronics.
✓ Enable any energy saving features on the PC, such as suspending the hard disk and
monitor to save electricity and extend the life of these components.
✓ Connect the PC to the AC power source through a surge suppressor or an
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to protect the PC against the problems
associated with electrical spikes, blackouts, and brownouts.
✓ Always wear an antistatic wrist or ankle strap when working inside the system unit
(case) to avoid possible damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
✓ Before beginning work on your PC or its peripherals, close any open applications, shut
down the PC, and unplug it from the wall.
✓ Avoid placing the PC, especially the monitor and speakers, near strongly magnetized
objects to avoid distortion or performance problems.
✓ Never connect or disconnect a serial, parallel, or video device while the system is
running.
✓ Always use the Shut Down option to close the Windows operating system before
powering down the PC.
✓ Always use the correct methods of ejecting external storage devices.
✓ Create backups for all you data and information and store it separate from the device
you are using
✓ For other technologies and peripheral devices use the power buttons provided to
switch on or off the device.
(b) Identify how to shut down an unresponsive computer
Answer
✓ To shut down a non-responsive computer
✓ Press a combination of Ctrl + Alt + Del (Delete) to bring up the Task manager
✓ Under Task manager click on the program which is not responding the click “End
Task”. Your computer should be able to respond to normal shut down procedure you
are going to take after this.
Learning objectives
After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to:
✓ Identify and demonstrate the use of household appliances that are controlled by microprocessors
✓ State the common uses of office equipment
✓ Exhibit knowledge of using computers in industry
✓ Identify the role of computers in aiding learning
✓ Identify social and economic effects of computers
Questions
• STOVE
• MICROWAVE
• REMOTE CONTROL
• T.V
• DECORDER
• GEYSER
(c) What are the advantages and disadvantages of household appliances embedded with
microprocessors?
Answers
ADVANTAGES
• Most people can use the labour saving machines so as to save money to pay the house
workers. Labour saving machines save money and time at convenient moments.
DISADVANTAGES
• Promotes laziness
Questions
(a) List down office equipment machines controlled by embedded microprocessors and their
function.
Answer
a) Printer
A printer is an output device that is used to produce printed hard copies of information on
paper.
b) Scanner
The scanner is a device used to scan images on paper that can be printed again.
c) Computer (PC)
A computer is an electronic device that is used to input, process, store and output information.
d) Fax machine
It is a machine that is used to send documents using telephone lines
Questions
ADVANTAGES
• Provides buyers with a wide range of choices because buyers can consider many
different products and services from a wider variety of sellers.
DISADVANTAGES
• Delay and potential uncertainty if the items will arrive before it is needed as the product must
be shipped to the customer.
• If there is a problem with the item when it is delivered, most customers do not feel to go
through the process of returning items through the mail
• Supermarket use computers to analyze sales so that managers can create better
marketing plans.
• Saves time through Computer software such as spreadsheets, Access, Word and
scanner system records good sold and received automatically.
• To help boost sales and profits, supermarkets use computers to gather customer’s data
to create customer’s promotions.
• To secure and safe guard the goods in the supermarket through the use of
electromagnetic bars which are computerized.
A bar code reader is an electronic device that can read and output printed bar codes to a
computer.
.
(f) List the fundamental information found on a bar code.
• Manufacturer code
• Saves money: for a large supermarket with a lot of item to sell, it will require a large
labour force just for sticking the label on the items. Such labour force will require a large
salary. With the introduction of barcode, only very few workers will be needed from this
large force.
• Reduction of human errors: The bar code reader will read the item and the price of
the item. This will increase accuracy in data capture.
• Speedy service: it is faster customers will not spend a lot of time in the queues.
• Easy access to information: The supermarket will be in a state of knowing what they
have in stock at all times.
• Detached labels: Unlike bar codes, labels get detached from items so as to force the
operator to leave customers in the queue to check for the price. With the introduction of
bar codes, the service is quick and customers are satisfied.
Answer
i. Smartcard
ii. Magnetic card
iii. PIN
a) Smart Card : is a plastic card with a built-in microprocessor used typically to perform
financial transaction.
b) Magnetic cards
• This is a 4-digit number combination known only to you or the owner of an account
and allow him/her to access his/her account information using an Automated
Telephone Banking system.
Answer
• When buying a lot of items, there is no need to carry a lot of cash in your bag.
• You can make transaction from home provided there is access to internet for example
paying bills and purchasing power units (ZESCO)
Questions
• Computer based learning is the term used for any kind of learning with the help of
computers.
• Computer based learning is learning using the computer for instructional purpose
whereas the computer hardware and software as well as peripherals and input devices
are key components of the educational environment.
ADVANTAGES
• It reduces travel time and travel costs off-campus students.
• Students may have the option to select learning material that meet their level of
knowledge and interest.
• It helps students develop knowledge of the internet which will help learners to have self-
knowledge and self-confidence.
DISADVANTAGES
• Without routine structures of a traditional class, students may get confused about course
activities and deadline.
Data integrity is the accuracy and consistency of data stored on the computer.
✓ Only use proprietary software from the reliable source on your computer and networks.
✓ Use diskless workstations on networks
✓ Control access to portable media and do not allow employees to use their own media on
the organizations computer system
✓ One of the golden rule is Backup. Backup is keeping of files file for later use as a way of
safeguarding data from loss, changed. Files can be backed up on CD’s, DVD’s, Flash
drive, external Hard disk.
(g) HOW DOES THE USER AGREE AND ACCEPT THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF END-
USER-EVALUATION AGREEMENT?
✓ Opening the shrink wrap on the software package.
✓ Breaking the seal on the DVD or CD case.
✓ Installing the software on the DVD or CD case.
✓ Simply using the software.
(i) STATE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND PROPRIENTARY
SOFTWARE
Open Source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify and
enhance that it is available to the public while proprietary software refers to the software whose
source code is kept as a secret.
Freeware: Freeware software are software that are copyrighted and are made available to the
public for free of charge. Examples of such software are Internet Explorer, Adobe Reader and
Microsoft Office.
Share-ware: Share-ware is software that is distributed free on a trial basis with the understanding
that the user may need or want to pay for it later.
1. Introduction to windows
2. Key in and edit text
3. Text manipulation and formatting
4. Print preview and printing
5. Saving files and drawing simple graphics
Learning objectives
After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to:
Second option
a. Right click
b. Point on new from the menu box
c. Click on Microsoft word document
The other method is creating a new word document from the already opened word document;
1. Click the Microsoft Office Button and Click Save or Save As (remember, if you’re
sending the document to someone who does not have Office 2007, you will need to click
the Office Button, click Save As type, and Click Word 97-2003 Document), or
2. Press CTRL+S (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the “letter S”) on the keyboard,
or
3. Click the File icon on the Quick Access Toolbar as shown below
• Click the Office Button and find the file you want to rename.
• Right-click the document name with the mouse and select Rename from the shortcut
menu.
• Type the new name for the file and press the ENTER key.
(f) How can you work with several documents at the same time?
Several documents can be opened at the same time if you are typing or editing multiple
documents at once. All open documents will be listed in the View Tab of the Ribbon when you
click on Switch Windows. The current document has a checkmark beside the file name. Select
another open document to view it.
To view a document in different forms, click the document views shortcuts at the bottom of
Once the word document is opened, the layout below is seen and the explanation to each
panel is given.
Screen Layout
Screen Layout
(h) Menus
When you begin to explore Word 2007 you will notice a new look to the menu bar. There are
three features that you should remember as you work within Word 2007: the Microsoft Office
Button, the Quick Access Toolbar, and the Ribbon. These three features contain many of the
functions that were in the menu of previous versions of Word. The functions of these three
features will be more fully explored below.
The Ribbon
The Ribbon is the panel at the top portion of the document. It has seven tabs: Home, Insert, Page Layout,
References, Mailings, Review, and View that contain many new and existing features of Word. Each tab
is divided into groups. The groups are logical collections of features designed to perform functions that
you will utilize in developing or editing your Word document. Commonly used features are displayed on
the Ribbon, to view additional features within each group, click on the arrow at the bottom right of each
group.
Each of the tabs contains the following tools:
Home: Clipboard, Fonts, Paragraph, Styles, and Editing.
Insert: Pages, Tables, Illustrations, Links, Header & Footer, Text, and Symbols
Page Layout: Themes, Page Setup, Page Background, Paragraph, Arrange
References: Table of Contents, Footnote, Citation & Bibliography, Captions, Index, and Table
of Authorities
Mailings: Create, Start Mail Merge, Write & Insert Fields, Preview Results, Finish
Review: Proofing, Comments, Tracking, Changes, Compare, Protect
View: Document Views, Show/Hide, Zoom, Window, Macros
(j) Quick Access Toolbar
Word Options
(m) Display
This feature allows you to modify how the document content is displayed on the screen and when
printed. You can opt to show or hide certain page elements.
Display Options
(n) Proofing
This feature allows you personalize how word corrects and formats your text. You can customize
auto correction settings and have word ignore certain words or errors in a document.
Proofing Options
Save
This feature allows you personalize how your document is saved. You can specify how often
you want auto save to run and where you want the documents saved.
Advanced
This feature allows you to specify options for editing, copying, pasting, displaying, printing
Saving Options
and saving.
Advanced Options
Customize
Customize allows you to add features to the Quick Access Toolbar. If there are tools that you
are utilizing frequently, you may want to add these to the Quick Access Toolbar.
Chapter 5
1. Introduction to spreadsheets
2. Entering and editing data
3. Adding formula
4. Saving and printing
Learning objectives
After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to:
5.1 Spreadsheets
Questions
Answer
✓ Addition:
✓ Subtraction:
✓ Multiplication
✓ Division
Answer
SUM this function adds all the values in the range of cells given between the blackes
AVERAGE finds the average of all the values in the range of cells given between the brackets,
for
PRODUCT finds the product of all values in the range by multiplying all the values by each other
for
QUOTIENT finds the nearest integer value of a division sun if you gave it the numerator and
denominator. This function
MIN finds the lowest minimum value in a range of values for examples
MAX finds the highest maximum value in a range for example
COUNT counts the number of entries there are in a range of cells.
(f) ENTER AND MANIPULATE DATA, NUMBERS AND APPLY FOMULA SUCH AS ADDITION,
SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION. ALSO MODIFY THE SPREADSHEET
BY USING FUCTION SUCH AS SUM, PRODUCT AVERAGE AND QUOTIENT.
A B C D E F
1 Class 8B
2 Teacher Mr musonda
The formula in the column E was copied using the drag handle. Notice how the cell references have
changed automatically in each row.
A B C D E F
1 Class 8B
2 Teacher Mr musonda
The marks for each learner have been added in the column
QUESTION
A B C D E
2 12 A 65 42
3 12 B 50 38
4 12 C 45 44
5 12 D 48 48
1. Insert two rows above cell A1 and then type Grade 10 physic Results in a new 1A in upper
case
2. Merge cells A1 to E1 and change background colour to yellow.
3. Type a formula in cell D4 to calculate the number of pupils who failed
4. Insert formula in E4
SOLUTION
A. i, Right click on your mouse and put your pointer on new. After that a dialogue box will
appear then click on Microsoft excel application.
ii, click on page layout, a dialogue box will appear click on orientation than on landscape
B. Click on insert on the access toolbar, and click on header, a dialogue box will appear, click
on blank three columns
C. Than enter the data in Microsoft excel above
1. Put the caser in cell A1, than right click on the mouse button. A dialogue box will
appear click on insert and click on entire row than press ok.
2. Click on merge on the access toolbar which as a symbol small later a. a dialogue box
appears click on merge across.
i, highlight cell A1 to E1 then click on font colour on the access toolbar which as a
symbol capital later A dialogue box will appear then click on yellow colour.
3. Type the formula in cell D4. =B2-C2 then press enter.
4. Press the caser at the right corner of cell D4 and left press on the mouse button then
drag the pointer to D7 then release
5. Type the formula in cell E4. =C4/B4*100 then press enter.
Chapter 6
Learning objectives
After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to:
Question
(a) What is presentation software?
It is application software used to create an order of words and pictures that tell a story or help
to support a speech or public delivery of information.
(b) Give examples of presentation software
Answer
1) MS PowerPoint
2) Keynote-for MAC
6.2 PowerPoint
Question
(a) Define PowerPoint
Answer
Presentation software that allows you to create slides, handouts, notes, and outlines.
It is an application software found in the Microsoft Office package for presentation.
(b) What can slide shows include?
Slide shows can include text, graphics, video, animation, sound and much more.
3. Don’t overdesign.
Don’t do things that make your audience focus more on the presentation software than on
what you’re saying.
➢ Don’t use lots of different fonts and font colors to avoid destructions.
➢ Don’t set the slide transitions to “Random.” This is the mark of true amateurs who don’t
have a clue what they’re doing.
➢ Don’t use colors to indicate emphasis, do that yourself as you’re talking.
➢ Be careful on how to use background alongside font colors.
4. Use simple, clear, and consistently applied fonts, slide transitions, and animations.
Following up on, here are tips to always follow:
➢ Use clean, easy to read fonts, such as Arial, Helvetica, Calibri, Cambria, Century Gothic,
Lucida, and Tahoma. Avoid smaller fonts, such as Garamond, Georgia, and Book Antiqua.
➢ Use one font for slide headings and another for bullet text.
➢ Make sure your font color has enough contrast to make it stand out against the
background.
➢ Make slide transitions and animations subtitle. The idea is to get the audience to focus on
what you’re saying, not on how cool the animations are. I recommend Fade, Shape, or just
plain Appear.
Second option
1. Right click
2. Point on new from the menu box
3. Click on Microsoft PowerPoint presentation
When you first open PowerPoint you will see what's called the Normal view.
FEATURES:
What is a template?
A template is a pattern that gives one’s presentation a graphical consistency from the first slide to the
last slide.
When you open a new PowerPoint document you will only see one slide. In order to add more slides
you need to create them, to do this you
have a few options.
1. Clicking on the top portion of
the New Slide command, on
the Home tab is the easiest
method because a new slide
will be added immediately.
PowerPoint will automatically
insert a Title and Content slide when using this method of adding slides.
2. If you click the bottom part of the New Slide command, a box will appear and you will see a
gallery of layouts for you to choose from which will be inserted after your previous slide once
you click on your preferred slide option.
3. to delete a slide, right click on a slide to view the options and select “delete slide”.
ADDING A DESIGN THEME
A theme includes a background design, color scheme, font types, font sizes, and placeholder positions
in one package. Every new presentation starts out with the default theme, called Office theme, which is
a white background and black text. However you can change the theme to a wide variety of options.
To find and apply a theme, click the Design tab
on the Ribbon.
1. The Themes group provides thumbnails
of different design options.
2. To see additional themes, click the More
arrow button on the right of the group.
3. When you point and hover on any theme
thumbnail, a preview of the theme will appear on the slide. To apply the theme to your slides,
click on the thumbnail design you like.
SAVING SLIDES
Networking
1. Networking
2. The internet
3. Web browsers
4. Using search engines
5. E mail
Learning objectives
After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to:
7.1 Networking
Question
DISADVANTAGES
(d) DESCRIBE THE FOUR TYPES OF NETTWORKS AND WRITE DOWN THEIR ADVANATGES
AND DISADVANTAGES.
ADVANTAGES
• Hardware and software sharing
• Workstation survival during network failure
• Addition of new computer to network is very easy
• High data transfer rate.
DISADVANTAGES
• Maintenance costs
• Covers a small geographic area
ADVANATAGES
✓ It covers a wide geographical area separated businesses can be connected to do their work
efficiently.
✓ Different software’s and resources can be shared among computers on the internet.
✓ Messages can be sent easily and quickly to anyone else on the internet in different parts of the
world.
✓ One can research from the world within seconds.
DISADVANATAGES
✓ It is expensive to install as it requires a lot of equipment and technical knowledge on how to set
it up.
✓ It can be insecure that outsiders might access to confidential data and information of the
company, organization, or government.
✓ Maintenance is a full time job which requires technicians to be present at all time at the site.
✓ Relatively slow when there is network congestion.
ADVANTAGES
✓ It covers a wide area than LAN examples at airports, government Agencies and Libraries.
✓ Information can be shared and transferred more widely, rapidly and significantly
DISADVANTAGES
(k) BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE STRUCTURE OF AN E-MAIL ADDRESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
An e-mail address consists of three elements which are the
• The username – is the word you use to access your email account / address
• @ symbol-, the separator refereed to as “at” indicates your email service
provider.
• The domain- is the last part of an e-mail address and it is made up of three
parts which are:
i) E-mail service provider- such as Zamtel, MTN, etc
ii) Top level domain- specifies the type of email address such as COM-
Commercial, Org – Organization, Net- Network,
Gov - Government, Co- Company etc
iii) Country code domain- specifies the location of a country yu\ou are
operating from such as Zm- Zambia, Au- Australia, UK- United kingdom,
US- United States, SA- South Africa etc.
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Chapter 8
Multimedia files
Learning objectives
After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to:
Question
Multimedia is the combination of different media elements like text, audio, graphics, video and
animations.
it is the use of more than one type of medium at the same time to convey a message or
information. Like a television, a PC can present many media types simultaneously. For example
a text, animation, music and narration can all play at the same time.
(b) What is the importance of using multimedia?
Answer
Multimedia presentation of any information greatly enhances the comprehension capabilities
of the user as it involves use of more of our senses.
Questions
Answers
✓ Text… alpha numeric characters
✓ Graphics… line drawings and images
✓ Animation.. moving images
✓ Audio… sound
✓ Video… video graphed real life events
Answers
Text:
Alpha numeric characters are used to present information in text form. Computers are widely
used for text processing
Keyboards, OCRs, computer screens and printers are commonly used as hardware devices for
processing text media.
Text editing, text searching, hypertext and text importing\exporting are some highly desirable
features of a multimedia computer system for better presentation and use of text information
• Arial
• Times New Romans
• Algerian
• Impact
• Bauhaus 93
• Broadway
• Brush Script
Video
✓ The term video refers to several storage formats for moving pictures e.g. digital video formats,
including Blu-ray Disc, DVD, QuickTime, and MPEG-4; and analog videotapes, including VHS
and Betamax. This is the Technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing,
and transmitting a sequence of still images in motion.
✓ Computer video deals with recording and display of a sequence of images at a reasonable speed
to create an impression of movement. Each individual image of such a sequence is called a
frame
✓ Video camera, video board, video monitor and video editor are some of the commonly used
hardware devices for processing video media.
✓ Some desirable features of multimedia comp video clips and recording and playback capabilities.
Digital Video
Digital Video: Composed of a series of still image frames and produces the illusion of movement.
Animation
Graphics
✓ Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen.
e.g. photographs, drawings, Line Art, graphs, etc.
✓ This is an image that is generated by a computer
✓ Computer graphics deal with generation, representation, manipulation, and display of pictures,
line drawings and images…. With a computer
Audio
✓ Computer audio deals with synthesizing, recording and playback of sound with a computer
✓ In computers, audio is the sound system that comes with or can be added to a computer.
✓ An audio file is a record of captured sound that can be played back.
✓ Sound board, microphone speaker, MIDI devices, sound synthesizers, sound editor and audio
mixer are some commonly used hardware devices for processing some audio media.
✓ Some desirable features of multimedia computer system are audio clips, audio file importing, and
software support for high quality sound, recording and playback capabilities, text to speech
conversion software and voice recognition software.
Images
Examples of images
8.3 Importing from external input devices
Questions
(a) How can you create a digital image using a scanner or digital camera?
Answer
i. Connect the camera to your computer by using the camera's USB cable.
iii. In the AutoPlay dialog box that appears, click Import pictures and videos using Windows.
iv . (Optional) To tag the pictures, type a tag name in the Tag these pictures (optional) box.
By default, the folder name includes the date the pictures and videos are imported and the tag
name.
v .Click Import. A new window opens and shows the imported pictures and videos.
You can connect a microphone, portable music player, or other audio device to your computer
by using one of the jacks on the front, back, or side of your computer. These jacks directly
connect to your computer's sound card or sound processor
(c) How can you edit digitized images?
Answer
1) By Cropping. This is the removal of the outer parts of an image framing, subject matter
and aspect ratio.
2) Enhancing pixels (brightness, sharpness, contrast etc).
3) Enhancing pixels is improving an image in lighting, difference in colour, having a clear
picture and detail.
4) Colour Making the colour of a picture more pronoun
5) Saving images with appropriate file extensions
6) Edited images can be saved in the following formats:
a. TIFF
b. EPS
c. BITMAP
d. RW2
e. JPEG
Questions
Answer
✓ Very High Processing Power.
✓ Multimedia Capable File System
✓ Data Representations/File Formats that support multimedia
✓ Efficient and High Input / Output devices
✓ Special Operating Systems
✓ Storage and Memory
(c) What are the advantages and disadvantages of multimedia
Answer
Advantages of Multimedia
Increases learning effectiveness.
It improves personal communications.
Is easy to use.
Reduces training costs.
It provides attention to students
Multimedia is Entertaining as Well as Educational
Disadvantages of Multimedia
It takes time to create and compile.
The hardware and software are expensive
Not always compatible
Not always easy to configure