Vidyamandir Classes: Innovating for Your Success

Solutions Advanced Level Problem Solving - 2323

JEE 2023 | Mathematics

1(ABC). f (0 )  2, f (0 )  2, f ´(0 )  2, f ´(0  )  2, f (0)  2

f (1 )  f (1)  f (1 )  e2  1 (each)
Also, lim [ f ( x)]  2
x0

f ( x)  2 26 
2(C). g ( x) is continuous only when lies between two consecutive integers. Hence  ,  should
a a a 
 
 26 
not contain any integer. The least integral value of a is 6  since  1 .
 a 
 
3(C). f (0)  0  (1)2  1 and f (0)  0. Hence f is not continuous at x  0 (1)
f (1)  0  0  0, f (1)  1  1  0 and f (1)  0 . Thus f is continuous at x  1
4(B). f (n)  sec11  0 and f (n)  sec11  0 and f (n)  0
 f is continuous at x  n
      
f  (2n  1)    sec1 1  0 but f  (2n  1)    sec1 2 
 2   2  3

 f is discontinuous at x  (2n  1) for all n  I
2
a  x if x  a b

5(A). f ( x)   b if a  b  x  b  a
a  x if xba

Hence f is not differentiable at x  a  b, b  a
dy et ( sin t  et (cos t ))
6(B). 
dx et sin t  et cos t
 dy   dy 
( x  y )   1  ( y  x )   1
dy y  x d y 2
 dx   dx 
   
dx y  x dx 2
( x  y) 2

d2y dy
 ( x  y) 2
 (2 x)  (2 y)
2 dx
dx

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d2y  dy 
 ( x  y) 2
 2 x  y 
2
dx  dx 
cos 2 x sin 2 x
7(B). f 1 ( x)   ( f ( x))2  c
2 f ( x) 2
Period of f ( x) is 

8(ACD). lim f ( x)  0; f    1
 2
x 
2

(B) lim f ( x)  0  f  
 4
x
4
(C) lim f ( x)  1  f (0)
x0
(D) lim f ( x)  1  f ()
x

9.(ABC) Since 1  x 2 is defined on [1,1] and lies in [0, 1]

 f ( x) is continuous on [–1, 1]. Hence b is true
1 1(2 x)
f 1 ( x)   is defined at x  0
2 1 1 x 2 2 1  x2

Hence f 1 (0) exists

1 1  1  1
10(ABCD). If | x |  1 and | x |  , then 1    
n | x| | x |  | x |
 1 
 1  | x |  | x |    1  f ( x)  0
| x | 
1  1 
If | x |  |, then 0   1 and hence    0. Then f ( x)  0,
| x| ||
Hence f ( x)  0 for all x  R

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1(ACD). f ( x)   cos x if 1  x  0
= 1 if x  0
= 0  cos x if 0  x  1
 f is not continuous at x  0
2(ABD). If y  0 then 3 y  sin 1 x
If y  0 then y  sin 1 x
 sin 1 x
 , if  1    0
Thus y   3 y is not differentiable at x  0
 1
 sin x, if 0    1
 ( x  a)( x), if x  a
3(ABD). f ( x)  
(a  x)( x), if x  a
 f 1 (a  )  lim ( x  a )1 ( x)  ( x)  ( a)
x a

f (a )  lim ( a  x)1 ( x)  ( x)  ( a )

1
xa
4(ABCD). f ( x) is disc at  sin1, 0, sin1
g ( x) is disc at 0
f ( x)  g ( x) is disc at  sin1, 0, sin1
f ( x)  g ( x) is disc at  sin1, sin1
 a  3, b  1, c  3, d  2
5.(ACD) At x  0
1  1 
f '(0)  lim h.sin   sin    0  (some finite no)  0
h0  h   h.sin(1/ h) 
f '(0 )  f (0)
 f is continuous at x  0
1  1   1   n  h 
At x  ; f     lim   sin(n  h)sin  
n  n  n0  n  h   sin(n  h) 
1  n  1
 lim ( sin h) sin    0 (finite no) = 0
n0 n   sin h  n
 1   1 
Similarly f  
 0  f    f is continuous on [0, 1]
 n   n 
6.(AC)
sgn( f ( x)) is discontinuous at f ( x)  0
2sin 3 x  7 sin 2 x  7 sin x  2  0
 (sin x  1)(2sin 2 x  5sin x  2)  0
1
sin x  1, ,2
2

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f ( x ) has 6 discontinuous points in (0, 3) or (0, 4)

 n  3 or 4.
7. (A-S; B-P; C-Q; D-S)
F is differentiable  f is continuous  f (1)  b  0
[a (2 x  1)]  1  a  1
2  f (3)  9c  3d  2  3d  9c  d  3c
1  [2cx  d ]  6c  d  1
1
x  3  3c  1  c   d 1
3
8. (A-R; B-Q; C-Q; D-P)
(A) | f ( x ) | graph
No. of non-differentiable points two
f (| x |)  f ( x), x  0
(B)
 f ( x) x  0
No. of non-differentiable point one
(C) | f (| x |) | f (| x |) graph are equal
 No. of non-differentiable points one
(D) Mini value of | f (| x |) | is 3
9.(D)
f 3 ( x)  6 f 2 ( x)  11 f ( x)  6  0
 ( f 2 ( x)  3 f ( x)  2)( f ( x)  3)  0
 ( f ( x)  1)( f ( x)  2)( f ( x )  3)  0
 f ( x)  1 or 2 or 3
(i) If L.H.L.  R.H.L.  f (0)
Then number of such functions  3!  6. (See diagram)
(ii) If any two of L.H.L. f (0 ), R.H.L. f (0 ) and f (0) are equal and third one is not equal, then

number of such functions  C2  C2  C1  18.

3 3 2

 Number of such functions  24

10.(5) f ( x)  cos ( x  1),  2  x  1

 cos (2 x  1), 1  x  0
2
 1, 0  x  1
 (2 x  3)( x  1),1  x  3 / 2
3
 (2 x  3)( x  1),  x  2,
2
 0, at x  2
f ( x ) is discontinuous at x  1, 0, 1, 2
3
Non differentiable at x 
2

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dy x  y  xy1 
1.(9) y 2  4  x2  2 y  2 x  y1   y2    2 
dx y  y 
1  x 2  4
  y  
y 2  y  y 3
12 12 x
 y3  4 . y1  5  a  2b  c  12  2  5  9
y y
2.(8) Let f ( x)  x3  ax 2  bx  c where a  f 1 (1), b  f 11 (2), c  f 111 (3),

f 1 ( x)  3x 2  2ax  b and put x  1, a  b  3  0

f 11 ( x)  6 x  2a and put x  2, 2a  b  12  0 a  5, b  2
c  f 111 (3)  6, f (2)  8  4a  2b  c  8  20  4  6  2. Hence 4  2 f (2)  8
f (2 x)  f (2 y )
3.(6) f ( x  y)  and f (2 x)  2 f ( x)  1 (put y  0)
2
f ( x  h)  f ( x )
Now f 1 ( x)  lim  f 1 (0)  1
h 0 h
 f ( x)   x  c and c  1 since f (0)  1
 f ( x )  1  x and 5  f (2)  5  (1)  6
 1 
Put x  cos . Then y  sec1    2 and z  1  x  sin 
2
4.(4)
 2x 1 
2

dy
dy d  2 2 1
     4 at x 
dz dz cos  x 2
d
 x2   x3 
x 1  a (1   ....   b  x   ..... 
 2   3 
5.(7) 1  f (0)  lim f ( x)  lim   
3

x0 x0 x
 a b  5
x(1  a  b)  x3     x ()  .....
 lim  2 6
x0 x3
a b 5 3
 1  a  b  0 and  1  a  ,b and 2a  8b  7
2 6 2 2
 f ( x), 1  x  1
 g ( x), x  (,  1)  (1, )

6.(17) F ( x) 
 f (1)  g (1)
 , x 1
 2
 f (1)  g (1) , x  1
 2
Continuous at x  1  F (1 )  F (1 )  F (1)

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f (1)  g (1)
 f (11 )  g (1 ) 
2
(4  a )  (1  b) 5  a  b
 4  a  1 b  
2 2
  ba 3 … (i)
Continuous at x  1  F (1 )  F (1 )  F (1)
(4  a )  (b  1)
 b 1  4  a 
2
3b  a
 b 1  4  a 
2
 ab  5 … (ii)
From (i) and (ii),
 a  1, b  4  a 2  b2  17
 2
 1   x   n  1   n x  n
1
  
7(19). f ( x)   4   2  2
 1
 n 1 x n  x  n 1
 2
 Graph of f ( x ) will be

1
Clearly, f ( x ) is continuous in R but not differentiable at x  n  and n  n  I .
2
 Not differentiable at 19 points in (–5, 5).
Also f ( x ) is periodic with fundamental period 1.  19 points
x  y 1
8(99). f ( xy )  f ( x)  f ( y )   x, y  0
xy
  h 
f  x 1     f (1.x)
f ( x  h)  f ( x )  x 
f '( x)  lim  lim 
h0 h h0 h
h
x 1 1
 h x x 1 1
f ( x)  f 1     f ( x)  f (1) 
 x  h x 1
x 1  
 lim  x
h0 x
  h h  h
 f 1  x   f (1) x  x  x 1  x  
 lim      
h 0   h
hx  1   
h

  x 

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  h h 
 f 1  x   f (1) h 
 lim    f '(1) 1 1
 x   2
h0 
x
1  h x x x
 hx 1   
 x  x
1 1
f '( x)   2 { f '(1)  2}
x x
1
f ( x)  ln x   c
x
Putting x  1
f (1)  1  c  c  0 { f (1)  1}
1
 f ( x)  ln x 
x
1
f (e100 )  100  100
 [ f (e100 )]  99
e
9.(9) Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), common roots are the roots of x 2  q  r  0 which has two roots say
x1 and x2 such that x1  x2  0.
 x1  x2    2 and x1  x2    1
  2,   1
ln 3
h
L.H.L.  lim e ln(1h )
 eln 3  3  f (0 )  f (0)  a  3
h0
2 2
ln(1  eh  1  2 h ) (eh  1  2 h ) h 3
R.H.L.  b lim 2
   2b  b 
h0 2
eh  1  2 h h tan h
Hence, 2(a  b)  9.

10.(2) f ( x) | x 2  (a  2) | x | 2a || (| x | 2)(| x | a) |

Also f ( x ) is an even function and f ( x ) is not differentiable at five points. So | ( x  2)( x  a ) | is non-
differentiable for two positive values of x.

 Both the roots of ( x  2)( x  a )  0 are positive and unequal.

Hence, a  0, a  2
 a  (, 0)  {2}

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1.(21) L = Number of point of discontinuity = 7

M = Number of point non-differentiability = 14
Hence, ( L  M )  21
 x3  1
 for x  0
 1
2(B). f ( x)    (| x  2 |  | x  2 |) for 0  x  2
 4
 7  x3 for x  2


f ( x) is continuous every where but

non-derivable at x  2 only.
 p  0 and q  1
 0, x  (, 1)  0, x  1 (, 1)
1  x, x  [1, 0] 1  ( x  1), x  1[1, 0]
 
3(5). We have, f ( x)    f ( x  1)  
1  x, x  (0,1] 1  ( x  1), x  1 (0,1]

 0, x  (1, ) 
 0, x  1 (1, )
 0, x0
 x, 0  x 1

Or f ( x  1)  
 2  x, 1  x  2
 0, x2
0, x  1 (, 1)  0, x  2
1  ( x  1), x  1[ 1, 0]  2  x, 2  x  1
 
Also, f ( x  1)   or f ( x  1)  
1  ( x  1), x  1 (0,1]   x, 1  x  0

0, x  1 (1, ) 
0, 0 x
 0, x  2
 2  x, 2  x  1

  x, 1  x  0
Now, g ( x)  f ( x  1)  f ( x  1)  
 x, 0  x 1
 2  x, 1 x  2

 0, x2
Clearly,
It is easy to check that g ( x) is continuous x  R and non-differentiable at
x  2, 1, 0,1, 2 and differentiable elsewhere.
Hence, number of points of non-differentiability of g ( x) are 5.
4(57). Since, f ( x) is derivable in (–2, 2).
Derivability of f ( x) at x  1 is possible only when b  2  0  b  2
{ | x  1| is non  derivable at x  1.}
Similarly, derivability of f ( x) at x  1 is possible only when c  2  0  c  2.

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 ln(1  x)  a tan 1 x  2, 2 x0


Now, f ( x) becomes,  2, x0
f ( x)     x 
 ln  4  
 e2 x  e   2    1
 , 0 x2
 x2
 ln(1  x)  a tan 1 x  2, 2 x0

 2, x0
f ( x)   2 x
 e  2x  1  x x x 
 , 0 x2 0 1    
x2  
  2 2 2 

e2 x  2 x  1 1
 lim 4  4  2
x0 4 x2 2
 lim ln(1  x)  a tan 1 x  2  2
x0

ln(1  h)  a tan 1 (h)  2  2

f ´(0 )  lim
h0 h
ln(1  h) a tan 1 (h)
lim   1  a
h0 h h
e 2 h  2h  1
2
 h2 e 2 h  2 h  1  2h 2 4
f ´(0 )  lim  lim 
h0 h h0 h3 3
4 7
 a 1  a
3 3
49
 9a 2  b 2  c 2  9   4  4  57
9
5. (A-r , B-t, C-p, D-q)
 sin x, x  0

  x  , 0  x  2
  
(A) f ( x)    3 

cos x, 2  x  3
 1, x  3
Clearly, f ( x) is discontinuous at 3, 6, 2  3 points.  (R)
ln(1  x  x 2  .....  x n ) ( x  x 2  .....  x n )
(B) lim  1
x0 ( x  x 2  ...  x n ) nx

1  x  x 2  .....  x n1 1 1
lim  
x0 n n 5
 n  5  (T)
(C) g ( x) | x(2 x  1)(2 x  1) | cos(x)
1 1
So, g ( x) is differentiable at x  , .
2 2

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 Vidyamandir Classes: Innovating for Your Success

g ( x) is continuous at x  0, but non-differentiable at x  0.

 f (2  3h4 )  f (2  5h4 )    f (2  3h4 )  f (2)    f (2  5h4 )  f (2) 
(D) lim    lim  3     5 
h0  h 4  h0   3h 4   5h 4 
      
1
 8 f ´(2)  8    2  (Q)
4
6(C).  f ( x) is differentiable in (0, )
Hence, lim f ( x) must exist and is finite.
x

 y  f ( x) must have a horizontal asymptote as x   then

only lim f ( x) will exist.

x
If f ( x) has an inclined asymptotes
1
as y  x  then lim f ( x)  
x x
 f ( x) has a horizontal asymptote
Hence, lim f ´( x)  0
x 

 (C) (also see figure for f ( x)  tan 1 x )

e.g., Take the example given
1
(i) Let f ( x)  x sin which is differentiable in (0, )
x
1 1 1
f ´( x)  sin  cos
x x x
 1  1 1 1
f ( x)  f ´( x)   x sin    sin  cos 
 x  x x x
lim 1 lim 0
x  x 

Hence, lim f ( x)  L and lim f ´( x)  0

x x

(ii) f ( x)  tan 1 x in (0, )

1  2t t  0
  f ( x  1) 0  x  1
7(B). Given f (t )   1, 0  t  1  g ( x)  
2t  1, t  1  3  x, 1  x  2


3  2 x 0  x  1
 g ( x)  
 3  x, 1  x  2

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 Vidyamandir Classes: Innovating for Your Success

 The function g ( x) is discontinuous at x  1, as

lim g ( x) does not exist.
x 1
So, g ( x) is non-derivable at x  1
f (2 x) f ( x)
8(B).  (Given)
e2 x  1 ex 1
 x  x  x 
f  f  f n
       ......   
f ( x) 2 4 2

x
e 1 x x x
2 n
e 2 1 e 2 1 e 2 1
 x 
f n
f (h)  f (0)
 lim    lim
f ( x) 2 f ( h) f ( h)
  lim  lim  f ´(0)
x
e  1 x x h
h0 e  1 h0 h h0 h
n
e 2 1
 f ( x)  e x  1
1
1 e x 1 x 1
 f ( x)  x  ex 1  x lim
lim    lim    e x 0 x 2  e2
x0  x  x0  x 
 
9(D). f ( x)  ln g ( x)
 f ( x  1)  ln g ( x  1)
 f ( x  1)  f ( x)  ln g ( x  1)  ln g ( x)
f ( x  1)
 ln  ln( x  1)
g ( x)
1
 f ´( x  1)  f ´( x) 
x 1
Putting x  1, 2, 3......... n and adding, we get
1 1 1
( f ´(2)  f ´(1))  ( f ´(3)  f ´(2))  .....  ( f ´(n  1)  f ´(n))    ...... 
2 3 n 1
1 1 1
 f ´(n  1)  f ´(1)    ...... 
2 3 n 1
10.(B) f ( x)  max.{sin x,sin 1(cos x)}

Clearly, f ( x) is continuous but non-differentiable at infinite points.

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1 1 3
1(A). f ( x)  | 4sin x | 7; f ( x) is discontinuous, when sin x  , , ,1  7 points.
4 2 4
 2 x  2h   2x  0 
f  f  
f ( x  h)  f ( x )  2   2 
2(CD). f ´( x)  lim  lim
h0 h h0 h
 f (2 x)  f (2h)   f (2 x)  f (0) 
  
 lim  2   2 
h0 h
f (2h)  f (0)
 lim
h0 2h
f ´( x)  f ´(0)
 f ( x)  f ´(0) x  
As f (0)  5
 f ( x)  f ´(0) x  5
Also f ´( x)  f ´(0)  f ´(5)  f ´(0)  1
 f ´(0)  1
Hence, f ( x)  5  x
 2 
 [ x ][  x ] 5 
 | x|

xa 
3(B). f ( x)  log a (a | [ x]  [  x] |)  
1
 
 3  a | x| 
 
 
  2 5 
  1/ x 
 log a x  a  x0
 a  1 
    a 2 x 5 
 x   x 
  3 a  x0
   3  a1/ x 
  2
5
   
  a 1/  x     a 2 x 5 
f ( x)  log a a x  x  0 i.e. f ( x)   x   x0
  1    3  a 1/ x 

 
3 a x 
   
   0 x0
0 x0 
 
 



 a 2h5   a 2h5 
h   0 h  0
 3  a1/ h   3  a1/ h 
f ´(0 )  lim    0 as a  0; f ´(0 )  lim    0 as a  0
h0 h h0 h
Differentiable and continuous at x  0.

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4. (A-pqrst; B-pqst; C-pt; D-pqst)

 4x 
(A) f1 ( x)    sgn( x 2  x  1)


2
2  1 3 3
Clearly, x  x  1   x    which is 
 2 4 4
 sgn( x2  x  1)  1
 3 ; 2  x   / 2
2 ;  / 2  x   / 4

 4 x   1 ;  / 4  x  0
 f1 ( x)     
 0 ; 0 x/4
1 ; /4 x/2

 2 ; /2 x2
Clearly f1 is discontinuous and hence non-derivable
at 5 points viz.
   
x  , ,0, ,
2 4 4 2
Also R f1  [3,  2,  1, 0,1, 2]  (A)  P, Q, R, S, T

  2x 1    2x 1   
(B) f 2 ( x)  cos 1  sgn  cos    ; cos     cos  x    sin x
 
  2   2   2

 f 2 ( x)  cos1(sgn(sin x))
0 ; x  2
1 ; 2  x  1

0 ; x  1

1 ; 1  x  0

 sgn(sin x)   0 ; x0
1 ; 0  x 1

0 ; x 1

1 ; 1 x  2
 0 ; x2
 / 2 ; x  2
 0 ; 2  x  1

 / 2 ; x  1

  ; 1  x  0
1 
 f 2 ( x)  cos (sgn(sin x))   / 2 ; x0
 0 ; 0  x 1

 / 2 ; x 1

  ; 1 x  2
 / 2 ; x2
Clearly, f 2 ( x ) is discontinuous and non-derivable at 5 points viz. x  2,  1, 0,1, 2.

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  
Also, R f  0, , 
2
 2 
 (B)  P, Q, S, T
(C) f3 ( x)  max({x},{ x})

Clearly, f3 is discontinuous at 5 points viz. x  2,  1, 0,1, 2

3 1 1 3
And non-derivable at 9 points viz. x  2,  ,  1,  , 0, ,1, ,2
2 2 2 2
Note : as f3 is discontinuous at x  2 and 2 so f3 is non-derivable at x  2 and 2 because
continuity
is must necessary for derivability.
1 
Also, R f  {0}   ,1  (C)  P, T
3
2 
(D) f 4 ( x)  x2  [ x]2
 x  4 ; 2  x  1
 x 1 ; 1  x  0

2  x ; 0  x 1
 | x |  [ x]  
 x 1 ; 1 x  2
 6 ; x2
Clearly, f 4 is discontinuous and non-derivable at 4 points viz. x  1, 0,1, 2
 1 3 1 1
Also, f (2)  f (2)  6 but f     and f   
 2 2  2 2
 f 4 is many one but not even.
 (D)  P, Q, S, T
 1 
P 3 
 x  P(t 3 )
5(BD). lim f ( x)  lim  lim 0
x0 x0 1 t  t 4
4 e
ex
xn
(As we know lim  0, n  N )  lim f ( x)  f (0)  0
x e x x0

 1 
P 3 
tP(t 3 )
f ´(0)  lim    lim
h
0
h0 1 t  t 4
4 e
he h
6(CD). f ( x) is discontinuous where (sin 2 x  sin x  1)(sin 2 x  sin x  1)  0
 sin 2 x  sin x  1  0 ( sin 2 x  sin x  1  0 has no real roots)
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1 5 1 5
 sin x  or sin x  (  1  sin x  1)
2 2
Graph of sin x 

1 5
There will be two values of x between  and 2 for which sin x 
2
 For 4 points of discontinuity, n can take the value 4 or 5.
7(A-q , B-s, C-q).
 sin x, x  0
 tan x, 0  x  2
(A) f ( x)   ,
cos x, 2  x  3

 1, x  3
 3
Clearly, f ( x) is discontinuous at , , 2  3 numbers  (Q)
2 2
2( x( x  3)  2( x  1)) 2( x  1)( x  2)
(B) f ( x)  k  k
( x  1)( x  2)( x  3) ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)
lim f ( x)  k  6
x 2
n
 tan y  
As tan y  y  
 y   , as n  , hence f (2)   / 2  2
 
Now, f ( x) is continuous at x  2  (S)
Hence k  6  2  k  8
  x  2, x  2
 x  2, 2  x  0
(C) We have | f (| x |) |  || x | 2 |  
 2  x, 0  x  2

 x  2, x  2

So, we have to check differentiability at only 3 points. i.e., x  {2, 0, 2}  (Q)

8(D). 2 f ( x) f ( y)  f ( x  y)  f ( x  y)x, y  R …(i)
Put x  0  y, we get
2 f 2 (0)  2 f (0)  f (0)  1 (As f (0)  0)
Put x  0 in (i), we get
2 f (0) f ( y)  f ( y)  f ( y)  f ( y)  f ( y)y  R
 f ´( y)   f ´( y)
Put y  1, we get f ´(1)  f ´(1)  0

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9(B). f ( x) is non differentiable at x  , , 0, , 

And f ( x) is non-differentiable at x  , , 0,  2, 2  ( B)

1 1
 ,0  x 
 81 9
 1
10(C). Clearly, f ( x)   x 2 ,  x  1
 9
 x , x 1
4


1
Clearly, f ( x) is non-differentiable at x  ,1
9
 Sum of squares of reciprocals  92  1  82

VMC | Mathematics 16 ALPS-2323 | JEE-2023