Scribd
Upload
192 views12 pages

RF To DC Converter 2.4GHz

The document describes the design of a 2.4 GHz RF to DC converter with a peak-to-peak voltage of 500mV. It includes the following key components: 1) A microstrip rectangular patch antenna designed with dimensions of 20mm by 80mm to radiate at 2.4GHz with a gain of 4dB. 2) A matching circuit to match the antenna to the rectifier. 3) A rectifier circuit to convert the RF energy to DC power, including voltage doubler and Dickson rectifier circuits implemented with CMOS differential and modified differential rectifiers. The efficiency of the converter depends on factors like the output voltage, Mosfet threshold voltage, load, and losses.

Uploaded by

Viswa Gopal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
192 views12 pages

RF To DC Converter 2.4GHz

The document describes the design of a 2.4 GHz RF to DC converter with a peak-to-peak voltage of 500mV. It includes the following key components: 1) A microstrip rectangular patch antenna designed with dimensions of 20mm by 80mm to radiate at 2.4GHz with a gain of 4dB. 2) A matching circuit to match the antenna to the rectifier. 3) A rectifier circuit to convert the RF energy to DC power, including voltage doubler and Dickson rectifier circuits implemented with CMOS differential and modified differential rectifiers. The efficiency of the converter depends on factors like the output voltage, Mosfet threshold voltage, load, and losses.

Uploaded by

Viswa Gopal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

2.

4 GHz 500mV Peak-Peak Voltage RF to DC Converter

The design steps are as follows

Antenna Matching Circuit Rectifier Load

The above block diagram represents a receiving portion of RF to DC Converter operating at 2.4
GHz with a peak to peak to voltage of 500mV. Each section is described in detailed a follows

Antenna Design:
There are various antennas realized for 2.4 GHz with omnidirectional radiation pattern.
1. The most commonly used antenna is Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna

Based on the below design equations, the antenna is designed.

W=20mm, L= 80mm
Wg=100mm , Lg = 90mm
Dielectric Material = Rogers RT/duroid 5880
Dielectric constant = 2.2
Height of substrate = 3.4mm
The following results has been plotted

The S11 parameter plot

As seen from the plot that at 2.45GHz frequency antenna radiates.

Gain Plot

Max gain obtained is 4 dB

Using these values Power received by the antenna can be calculated by the Friis
equation.
For d = 5m , Pr = 3.12 x 10^-8 W
For d= 10m, Pr = 3.12 x 10^-10 W
For d = 15m, Pr = 1.95 x 10^ -9 W

Important Observations :

As distance is square inversely proportional, Pr is less than the transmitting power.


Since efficiency of the RF to DC converter is Pout x 100 / Pin , the receiving power
directly affects the efficiency.

Gain of the antenna is also an important parameter in calculation of input power. The
gain of the antenna for this rf to dc converter can be significantly increased with
cascading the antenna designs.

Also there are several methods that has been explored by the authors in the literature
survey performed.

The usage of Vivaldi antenna with modified design has been explored [1]. An array of
antenna has been designed for multiple frequencies but concerning our frequency we
find it useful in analyzing the structure for single band of frequency [2]. A Fractal shaped
design is also explored. Although the design looks complex it helps in intuitive
understanding for design for particular frequency [3]. Apart from these design, several
simple designs can be designed with inverted F shaped, inverted L shaped antenna etc
which are particularly useful in 2.4 GHz range.
2. The next section is the Matching circuit
3. Rectifier Design

Rectifier impacts the power conversion efficiency of the rf to dc converter.

Some of the basic rectifiers are as follows.


1. Villard Voltage doubler circuit
2. Dickson Rectifier Circuit
Both the circuit can be effectively implemented by schokkty diode. However it is difficult
to model them into cmos circuit making it difficult for fabrication. [4]
Thus equivalent circuits are designed with their topology

Cross Coupled Differential Rectifier


Various other combinations of gate to drain feedback to are also explored for replacing
the existing diode connected load in Dickon rectifier to different combination as shown
below.
Modified Differential rectifier

This circuit is explored in the paper [5]


Based on the load, the efficiency calculations are finalized. The important parameters that
increase efficiency are 1. Increase in Vout 2. Decrease in Vth of Mosfet. 3. Reduced load 4.
Increased gain of amplifier. 4. Reduced losses in matching network.
References
[1] Shen, J., Wen, J., Yang, X., Liu, X., Guo, H., Liu, C., & Xie, D. (2016, May). WLAN 2.4
GHz RF energy harvester using Vivaldi antenna loaded with ZIM. In 2016 IEEE International
Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM) (pp.
1-3). IEEE.
[2] Mathur, M., Agarwal, A., Singh, G., & Bhatnagar, S. K. (2016, December). The array
structure of 2× 2 coplanar monopole antenna with Wilkinson power combiner for RF energy
harvesting application. In 2016 International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in
Engineering (ICRAIE) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[3] Zeng, M., Andrenko, A. S., Liu, X., Li, Z., & Tan, H. Z. (2017). A compact fractal loop
rectenna for RF energy harvesting. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 16, 2424-
2427.
[4] Wong, Y. C., Tan, P. C., Ibrahim, M. M., Syafeeza, A. R., & Hamid, N. A. (2016). Dickson
charge pump rectifier using ultra-low power (ULP) diode for BAN applications. Journal of
Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC), 8(9), 77-82.
[5] Sasaki, A., Kotani, K., & Ito, T. (2008, November). Differential-drive CMOS rectifier for
UHF RFIDs with 66% PCE at− 12 dBm input. In 2008 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits
Conference (pp. 105-108). IEEE.

You might also like