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    River Training Works: Methods

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    Yubraj Lamichhane
    River training works are structures constructed to guide, train, and regulate river flows to control stream instability problems. Common river training works include embankments, guide banks, spurs/groynes, cutoffs, and bed pitching. Embankments are constructed parallel to river channels to protect banks and land from flooding. Guide banks confine river flows near structures like bridges. Spurs/groynes extend from banks into rivers to train flows along desired courses and protect banks from erosion.

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    River Training Works: Methods

    Uploaded by

    Yubraj Lamichhane
    81 views4 pages
    River training works are structures constructed to guide, train, and regulate river flows to control stream instability problems. Common river training works include embankments, guide banks, spurs/groynes, cutoffs, and bed pitching. Embankments are constructed parallel to river channels to protect banks and land from flooding. Guide banks confine river flows near structures like bridges. Spurs/groynes extend from banks into rivers to train flows along desired courses and protect banks from erosion.

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    RIVER-TRAINING-WORKS

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    River training works are structures constructed to guide, train, and regulate river flows to control stream instability problems. Common river training works include embankments, guide banks, spurs/groynes, cutoffs, and bed pitching. Embankments are constructed parallel to river channels to protect banks and land from flooding. Guide banks confine river flows near structures like bridges. Spurs/groynes extend from banks into rivers to train flows along desired courses and protect banks from erosion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views4 pages

    River Training Works: Methods

    Uploaded by

    Yubraj Lamichhane
    River training works are structures constructed to guide, train, and regulate river flows to control stream instability problems. Common river training works include embankments, guide banks, spurs/groynes, cutoffs, and bed pitching. Embankments are constructed parallel to river channels to protect banks and land from flooding. Guide banks confine river flows near structures like bridges. Spurs/groynes extend from banks into rivers to train flows along desired courses and protect banks from erosion.

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    of 4

    RIVER TRAINING WORKS

    • The structure constructed for the purpose of guiding the flow, training and regulating the river
    bed and to control inhibit, change, delay or minimize the stream instability problems are called
    river training works.

    • . River training works fulfill following objectives-

    • Protection of bed and banks of river from erosion.

    • Directing the river flow in desired direction .

    • Maintenance of river channel for navigation .

    • Reclamation of submersible land .

    • Protection of surrounding land from flooding.

    • Protection of important hydraulic structures

    METHODS
    Common types of river training works are:-

    • Embankments

    • Guide banks

    • Spurs or groynes

    • Cut offs

    • Bed pitching

    EMBANKMENTS
    • The floods may be prevented from submerging the country by constructing earth embankments.

    • They are designed and constructed in the same way as an earth dam.

    • The embankments are generally constructed parallel to the river channel.

    ADVANTAGES:

    • (i) They are very widely used river training work.

    • (ii) It is cheaper and quick as well as simple in construction. They can be constructed with locally
    available material.
    • (iii) Maintenance of embankments is similar to canal bank maintenance and does not involve
    intricate methods.

    • (iv) They protect large areas by comparatively small investment.

    DISADVANTAGES:

    • (i) By restricting the waterway it raises the flood levels.

    • (ii) Unpredictable flood flows attack the embankment and hence chances of its failure are quite
    high.

    • (iii) They interfere in laying irrigation canal system and also reduce cultivable area

    MARGINAL BANK
    • With the construction of weir or barrage, the level of water in the river upstream is raised by a
    few feet in all season. This is called afflux. The rise of water level is felt up to several miles
    upstream. If this rise is felt unattended, it will part from threatening the safety of structure , will
    submerge large areas upstream. • Therefore to protect properties from submergence and
    destruction, a set of embankments are constructed both sides of the river upstream of the
    barrage. These embankments are called marginal banks. Since the marginal banks are
    permanent structures these are aligned in such a way that they do not interfere with the river
    meander. They are tied or joined to the high ground upstream so that the river flows with in the
    two marginal banks and is not allowed to out flank the barrage and also not submerged areas up
    stream. .
    GUIDE BANK
    • Guide banks are meant for guiding and confining the flow in a reasonable waterway at the site
    of the structure.
    The guide banks guide the river flow past a bridge or any other hydraulic structure without
    causing damage to the work and its approaches.

    • The guide banks are constructed parallel or approximately parallel to the direction of flow.

    • They extend both upstream and downstream of the abutments of the hydraulic structure.

    • The guide banks may be provided on either side of the hydraulic structure or on one side as
    required.

    PURPOSES:

    • They protect the approach embankment for the bridge from attack of the water. Approach
    embankments extend from the bank of the river to the guide banks generally in perpendicular
    direction to both.

    • They control the river and induce it to flow through the bridge more or less axially

    SPURS
    Spurs are constructed transverse to the river flow extending from the bank into the river.

    • This form of river training works perform one or more functions such as training the river along
    the desired course to reduce the concentration of flow at the point of attack, creating a slack
    flow for silting up the area in the vicinity and protecting the bank by keeping the flow away from
    it.

    • Classification of Groynes or spurs Groynes or spurs are classified according to

    • (i) the method and materials of construction

    • (ii) the height of spur with respect to water level

    • (iii) function to be performed and .

    Special types which include the following:

    • These are (i) Permeable or impermeable

    • (ii) Submerged or non-submerged

    • (iii) Attracting, deflecting repelling and sedimenting and

    • (iv) T-shaped (Denehey), hockey (or Burma) type, kinked type, etc
    PURPOSES:

    • a. They protect the river bank by keeping the flow away from it.

    • b. They create still pond along a particular bank with the aim of silting up the area in the vicinity.

    • c. They train the river to flow along a desired course by attracting, deflecting or repelling the
    flow.

    • d. They contract the wide river channel for improving the navigation depth.

    BED PITCHING
    • Sometimes to protect the bed and bank against action of water, protection is provided by laying
    a closely packed stone blocks or boulders or even concrete blocks. This permanent revetment
    and pitching counteracts the general tendency of the water to notch away the material from
    bed and banks

    DREDGING OF RIVER
    • To improve navigability of the river channel the river section may need to be excavated. This
    excavation is carried out to increase the depth of flow even when there is flow m the river. The
    process of underwater excavation is termed dredging. The machinery used for the purpose is
    called a dredger.

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