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Math SL Derivatives and Tangents

This document provides practice questions on derivatives including: 1) Differentiating various functions 2) Finding derivatives of composite functions 3) Using known derivative values to find derivatives of new functions 4) Finding gradients of curves at given points using derivative values The questions cover basic derivative rules including the power, constant multiple, sum, difference, and chain rules. Students are asked to take derivatives, find gradients, and apply derivative concepts.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
174 views22 pages

Math SL Derivatives and Tangents

This document provides practice questions on derivatives including: 1) Differentiating various functions 2) Finding derivatives of composite functions 3) Using known derivative values to find derivatives of new functions 4) Finding gradients of curves at given points using derivative values The questions cover basic derivative rules including the power, constant multiple, sum, difference, and chain rules. Students are asked to take derivatives, find gradients, and apply derivative concepts.

Uploaded by

Avni jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

AA SL

DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

DERIVATIVES – BASIC RULES

A. Practice questions

1. [Maximum mark: 18] [without GDC]


Differentiate the following functions:

y  7x 3  2  5ex  3sin x

2 3
y  1 
x x2

2 3
y  x 2 (1   )
x x2

y x  ln x

y x ln x

ln x
y
x

2x  1
y
3x  5

1  x  x2
y 
x2

y  x  ex  ln 

(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 1


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

2. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]


Let f ( x)  2 x3  ln x

(a) Find f ( x) . [2]

(b) Find the gradient of the curve y  f (x) at x  1 . [2]

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3. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]


3
x 1

Let f ( x)  

sin x
(a) Find f (x) . [3]

(b) Find the gradient of the curve y  f (x)



(i) at x   (ii) at x  1 rad. [3]
4

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 2


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

4. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]


Given the following values at x  1

x f (x) g(x) f (x) g(x)


1 2 3 4 5

Calculate the derivatives of the following functions at x  1


(i) y  2 f (x)  3g( x) (ii) y  f (x) g(x)
f (x)
(i) y (ii) y  2x3  1  5 f (x)
g(x)

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 3
MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

5. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]


Let f (x) = x3 – 2x2 – 1.
(a) Find f (x) [2]

(b) Find the gradient of the curve of f (x) at the point (2, –1). [2]

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6. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]


3 2
Let f (x)  6 x . Find f (x) .

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7. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]


6x
Let h(x)  . Find h(0)
cos x

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 4


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

8. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]


Let g(x) = 2x sin x.
(a) Find g′(x). [4]
(b) Find the gradient of the graph of g at x = π. [3]

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9. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]


Given the function f (x)  x2  3bx  (c  2) , determine the values of b and c such that

f (1)  0 and f (3)  0 .

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 5


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

10. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]


Consider the function f (x)  k sin x  3x , where k is a constant.

(a) Find f (x) .



(b) When x  , the gradient of the curve of f (x) Is 8. Find the value of k .
3

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11. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]


2
Let f (x) = 3x .
5x  1
(a) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of y  f (x) .
2
(b) Find f (x) . Give your answer in the form ax  bx where a and b  .
(5x  1) 2

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 6


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

12. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]


The graph of the function y  f (x) , 0  x  4 , is shown below.

(a) Write down the value of (i) f (1) (ii) f (3)

(b) Write down the value of (i) f (1) (ii) f (3)

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13. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]


Part of the graph of the periodic function f is shown below. The domain of f is

0  x  15 and the period is 3.


f(x)
4

0
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(a) Find (i) f (2) (ii) f (6.5) (iii) f (14)

(b) How many solutions are there to the equation f (x)  1 over the given domain?

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 7


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

14. [Maximum mark: 8] [with GDC]


Let f (x)  x cos x , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6.

(a) Find f (x) . [3]

(b) On the grid below, sketch the graph of y  f (x) . [3]

(c) Write down the range of the function y  f (x) , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 [2]

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 8


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

TANGENT LINE – NORMAL LINE

A. Practice questions

15. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]


2
Let f (x)  2x  12x  10 .

(a) Find the tangent line and the normal line at x  2


(b) Find the tangent line and the normal line at x  1
(c) Find the tangent line and the normal line at x  3

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 9


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

16. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let f (x)  2x 2  12x  10 .

(a) Find the tangent line which is parallel to the line y  4x  7


1
(b) Find the tangent line which is perpendicular to the line y  x7
4

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 10


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

17. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]


Find the equation of the tangent line and the equation of the normal to the curve with

equation y  x 3 1 at the point (1,2).

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18. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]


Consider the function f (x)  4x3  2x . Find the equation of the normal to the curve of

f at the point where x  1 .

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 11


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

19. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Find the coordinates of the point on the graph of y  x2  x at which the tangent is

parallel to the line y  5x .

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20. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let f (x)  kx4 . The point P(1, k) lies on the curve of f . At P, the normal to the curve is
1
parallel to y   x . Find the value of k.
8

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 12


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

21. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Consider the function f : x 3x2  5x  k .


The equation of the tangent to the graph of f at x  p is y  7 x  9 .

(a) Write down f (x) .

(b) Find the value of (i) p; (ii) k.

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22. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

Let f (x)  ex cos x .

(a) Find the gradient of the normal to the curve of f at x   .



(b) Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve of f at x  .
4

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 13


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

23. [Maximum mark: 8] [with / without GDC]

Consider the curve with equation f (x)  px2  qx , where p and q are constants.

The point A(1, 3) lies on the curve. The tangent to the curve at A has gradient 8.
(a) Find the value of p and of q . [5]

(b) Find the equations of the tangent line and the normal at x  0.2 [3]

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 14


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

24. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]


1

Consider the function h(x)  x5 .


(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the graph of h at the point where x  a ,
( a  0 ). Write the equation in the form y  mx  c .

(b) Show that this tangent intersects the x -axis at the point (4a, 0) .

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 15


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

C. Past paper questions (LONG)

25. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]


The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function, with equation in
the form y  ( x  p)(x  q) , where p, q  .

(a) (i) Write down the value of p and of q

(ii) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of the curve.

(b) Find the equation of the function in the form y  (x  h)2  k , where h, k  .

dy
(c) Find
dx
(d) Let T be the tangent to the curve at the point (0, 5). Find the equation of T.

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 16


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

26. [Maximum mark: 13] [with GDC]

The function f (x) is defined as f (x)  ( x  h)2  k . The diagram below shows part of

the graph of f (x) . The maximum point on the curve is P (3, 2).
y
4
P(3, 2)
2

x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

–12

(a) Write down the value of (i) h (ii) k [2]

(b) Show that f (x) can be written as f (x)  x2  6x  7 . [1]

(c) Find f ( x) . [2]

The point Q lies on the curve and has coordinates (4, 1). A straight line L, through Q,
is perpendicular to the tangent at Q.
(d) (i) Find the equation of L.
(ii) The line L intersects the curve again at R. Find the x-coordinate of R. [8]

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 17


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

27. [Maximum mark: 11] [with GDC]

The function f is defined by f : x – 0.5x 2  2x  2.5.

(a) Write down (i) f (x) ; (ii) f (0) . [2]

(b) Let N be the normal to the curve at the point where the graph intercepts the
y-axis. Show that the equation of N may be written as y  0.5x  2.5 . [3]

Let g : x – 0.5x  2.5

(c) (i) Find the solutions of f (x)  g( x)

(ii) Hence find the coordinates of the other point of intersection of the normal
and the curve. [6]

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 18


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

28. [Maximum mark: 15] [with GDC]


The equation of a curve may be written in the form y  a(x  p)(x  q) . The curve

intersects the x-axis at A(–2, 0) and B(4, 0). The curve of y  f (x) is shown in the
diagram below.
y
4

A B
–4 –2 0 2 4 6 x

–2

–4

–6
(a) (i) Write down the value of p and of q.
(ii) Given that the point (6, 8) is on the curve, find the value of a.

(iii) Write the equation of the curve in the form y  ax2  bx  c . [5]

(b) A tangent is drawn to the curve at a point P. The gradient of this tangent is 7.
Find the coordinates of P. [4]
(c) The line L passes through B(4, 0), and is normal to the curve at B.
(i) Find the equation of L.
(ii) Find the x-coordinate of the point where L intersects the curve again. [6]

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 19


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

29. [Maximum mark: 24] [without GDC]

The function f is given by f (x)  2x  1 , x  , x  3.


x3
(a) (i) Show that y  2 is an asymptote of the graph of y  f (x) .

(ii) Find the vertical asymptote of the graph.


(iii) Write down the coordinates of the point P at which the asymptotes intersect. [4]
(b) Find the points of intersection of the graph and the axes. [4]

(c) Hence sketch the graph of y  f (x) , showing the asymptotes by dotted lines. [4]
7
(d) Show that f ( x)  and hence find the equation of the tangent at
(x  3)2

the point S where x  4 . [6]


(e) The tangent at the point T on the graph is parallel to the tangent at S.
Find the coordinates of T. [5]
(f) Show that P is the midpoint of [ST]. [1]

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 20


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 21


MAA SL 5.1-5.3 DERIVATIVES – TANGENT AND NORMAL

30. [Maximum mark: 9] [with GDC]

Let f (x)  x3  3x2  24x 1 .

(a) Find f ( x) [2]

The tangents to the curve of f at the points P and Q are parallel to the x -axis, where
P is to the left of Q.
(b) Calculate the coordinates of P and of Q. [3]

Let N1 and N2 be the normals to the curve at P and Q respectively.


(b) Write down the coordinates of the points where
(i) the tangent at P intersects N2 ;
(ii) the tangent at Q intersects N1. [4]

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(MAA SL 5.1-5.3) – Page 22

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