UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)

Community Project Written Report Rubric

NAMES: YEAR AND SECTION:
10 7 5 3
Criteria

Good Satisfactory Needs Improvement Weight Total

Exemplary

Excellently describes the Describes the community Does not attempt to

community with a Describes the community with most of the following: describe the community.
thorough inclusion of the with inclusion of the map of the community, Does not provided ample
following: map of the following: map of the basic demographics, information pertinent to
community, basic community, basic community organization, the following details: map
demographics, demographics, community etc. together with a of the community, basic
Community Profile community organization, organization, etc. together comprehensive analysis of demographics, community X1
etc. together with a with a comprehensive the survey tools for needs organization, etc. together
comprehensive analysis analysis of the survey tools assessment leading to the with a comprehensive
of the survey tools for for needs assessment identified community analysis of the survey tools
needs assessment leading leading to the identified needs. Community profile for needs assessment
to the identified community needs. needs some more leading to the identified
community needs. explaining. community needs.

Does not provide

Provides a substantial Provides some justification justification of why the
Provides justification of why
justification of why the of why the identified need/s identified need/s of the
the identified need/s of the
identified need/s of the of the community is worth community is worth
community is worth
Needs Assessment community is worth investigating. Needs to be investigating. Very X1
investigating using
investigating using more consistent in using little/no attempt to
reputable, relevant and
reputable, relevant and reputable, relevant and incorporate reputable,
related literature. relevant and related
related literature. related literature.
literature.

Community Project Community Project Written Community Project Written Community Project
Written Report is Report flows logically but Report proposal is vague Written Report is unclear
thoughtful and clearly seems to have some gaps in and incomplete. and not described with
illustrates the process providing possible solution supporting details.
Relevance of used to offer a possible to the identified need of the
Community Project to solution to the identified community.
X2
Identified Community need of the community.
Need

The description of the The description of the The description of the The description of the
community project is community project is clear community project is community project is not
clearly understood with to some extent however it unclear and cannot be explained.
Description of corresponding reveals few vague areas. understood.
X3
Community Project visuals/diagrams. Actual prepared budget.
Actual budget is realistic but Actual budget needs some Some materials are not
Actual budget is realistic involve cost. revising. Some materials cost-effective and practical.
and practical. need to be revisited.

Documentation pictures Documentation pictures Documentation pictures, to Documentation pictures

excellently reflect and reflect and students’ some extent, highlight are arranged in a manner
highlight students’ learned insights from the students’ learned insights that does not reveal
Presentation of learned insights from the Community Visit. from the Community Visit. learned insights from the
Documentation Community Visit. Community Visit. X1
Pictures

The Written Report is The Written Report is The Written Report is The Written Report is not
well-organized, attractive mostly well-organized, organized and contains all well-organized or neat, and
Presentation and and contains all required attractive and contains all required pieces. Followed may not contain all the
X1
Organization pieces. Followed the required pieces. Followed the required format. required pieces. Did not
required format. the required format. follow the required format.

High evidence of Evidence of collective effort Some evidence of collective No evidence of collective
collective effort from from group members to effort from group members effort from group members
group members to accomplish the required to accomplish the required to accomplish the required
Evidence of Collective accomplish the required elements of the portfolio elements of the portfolio elements of the portfolio
Effort from Group elements of the portfolio X1
Members

TOTAL 100

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)
INTRODUCTION

As we all know, the Philippines is a country that has faced a great amount of
calamities over the past decade. Given the geographical location of our country, it is not
surprising that there are added challenges that we must face. It has stumbled and fell into
the deeps of despair. But these hardships and trauma turned into the strength that our
country needed in devastating times like this. The Philippines became resilient and
stronger. The country may trip over when a gruesome event is witnessed but it will stand
up and rise again. These challenges come with emergencies. That’s why our team has come
up with a device that supplies one of the most prevalent demands of the human society
which is electricity. Let me introduce you to the ElectroGen.

The overall function of our product is all thanks to the thermoelectric generator that
converts the temperature difference to the electricity that gives life to your cellphone
batteries. In starting the product, a heat source would have to be placed under it. The heat
would later be converted from heat energy to electric energy by the thermoelectric
generator that was mentioned earlier. And as a bonus, our prototype also powers up
anything that requires five volts to fully operate.

COMMUNITY PROFILE

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)

SAN MATEO, RIZAL  Barangay Guitnang Bayan I

Total land area: 7556.474 hecatares Population (as of 2015): 30,598
No. of Barangays: 15 Barangays Estimated No. of Households:
Name of Barangay Visited: 6,120
Guitnang Bayan I (see symbol on map)
Land area: 44.981 hecatares ECONOMY

Gross Sales of Registered Firms

(2016) : ₱7,422,790,049.48
Common types of commercial
BASIC DEMOGRAPHIC DATA establishment:
 Municipality of San Mateo, Rizal 1. Sari-Sari Store
Population (as of 2017): 276, 347 2. Restaurants/Eateries
Estimated No. of Households: (Prominent in Guitnang Bayan I)
50,505

Community Organization

 Local Government  Some Departments of the

San Mateo, Rizal Local Government of San
Mateo
Mayor: Hon. Cristina C. Diaz
Business Permit and Licensing Office
Vice-Mayor: Hon. Jose Rafael E. Diaz
(BPLO)
 Barangay Guitnangbayan I Community Development Office (CDO) /
Urban Poor Affairs Office (UPAO)
Punong Barangay:
Cultural Heritage Office (CHO)
Hon. Jomer Alejandro A. Cruz Department of Public Order and Safety
(DPOS)
Secretary: -
Early Childhood Care and Development
Treasurer: - (ECCD)
Incident Command and Control Office
Mga Kagawad:
(ICCO)
Sesenando D. Abella Information and Communication
Technology Office (ICTO)
Ronaldo S.Eusebio
People’s Program Initiatives (PPI)
Reynaldo A. Bugayong Public Affairs and Information Services
Office (PAISO)
Edward G. Abata
Sanitary Unit
Renato Jr. M. Cruz Solid Waste Management Office
(SWMO)
Januar C. Mendoza
Nicanor JE. L. Baltazar
People’s Program Initiatives (PPI)

 Public Affairs and Information

Services Office (PAISO)
3
 Public Employment Services
Office (PESO)
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)

Community Profile Pictures

Guitnang Bayan I (via Google Street View)

Guitnang Bayan I – Resurrection Street

(via Google Street View)

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)

NEEDS ASSESSMENT

IDENTIFIED NEEDS

The Philippines is a country that is located in the southeastern part of Asia. It is also
situated near the Pacific Ocean, which would mean that the Philippines lies in the Pacific
Ring of Fire. Being situated near the largest body of water means there are certain
problems that are affiliated with it. Earthquakes are also one of the scariest things that
could happen to our country. Back in May, 2018, a massive earthquake hit the Philippines
measuring a whopping 6.1-magnitude on the island of Catanduanes (Oliphant, 2018).
Surely this is not the only thing we should keep a close eye on.

One major calamity that would happen or start from this body of water is the
formation of typhoons. Acceleration to PAGASA, an average of eight or nine tropical
cyclones make landfall in the Philippines each year (Whiteman, 2014). Back in 2013, Super
Typhoon Haiyan, or Yolanda as it was known locally struck the Philippines and left many
Filipinos homeless, alone and even dead. It was recorded as the strongest tropical cyclone
ever to make landfall anywhere in the world in recorded history (Whiteman, 2014). Even
the southwest monsoon, also known as Habagat, could cause a rapid rising of water which
may lead to floods. Back in August 2018, floods and landslides hit Southern Tagalog amid
the continuous rains brought by the southwest monsoon, which was enhanced by Tropical

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)
Storm Karding (Pa-a, 2018). It also affected the community that the students visited which
was in San Mateo, Rizal.

As a normal community, Brgy. Guitnang Bayan Uno also experiences problems. One
problem that our team focused on was the fact that this community experiences floods
which lead to power shortages. Back in 2016, Rizal province has 3,434 families composed
of 16,001 individuals coming from 17 villages with nine in San Mateo, five in Rodriguez and
three in Cainta were evacuated in 27 evacuation centers due to flood and landslides caused
by heavy rainfall brought by the enhanced southwest monsoon (Manila Times, 2016).
Electricity is often a problem when disasters hit our country. Power shortages are common
in these kinds of situations. That’s why our team created a device that could help the locals
charge their phones in times of emergencies. Through various works and efforts, the
“Eletrogen” was made.

In order to operate this device, a heat source like a candle is needed and will be
placed under the device. The heat from the candles will have contact with the TEG that is
placed under the device and would then transform the heat energy into electrical energy. A
heat sink is placed above the TEG in order to stabilize the temperature so that the device
will not overheat. Furthermore, a fan is placed on top for added cooling effect. The
connected wires would then transport the electrical energy into the powerbank where
cords will be connected to charge or power your mobile phones, mini fans and led lights.

This device would really come in handy especially in times when the community is
experiencing power shortages or blackouts. If one ever needs to supply energy to his\her
mobile phone to access communication with other people, this device would surely help.
The prototype version however can only supply 1 to 2 percent. The recipients of this
product could use this to get help or call for emergencies. If this device could be enhanced it
would surely be a lot of help.

RATIONALE FOR IDENTIFIED NEEDS

In the modern world, there are a lot of things us humans need in order to survive and
to live our lives each and every day. As we progress with our lives, so does our needs. As
time continuously moves on, so does the minds of humans around us. And with these ideas
come new advancements that contribute in our daily lives. Back then, food, shelter and
clothing were enough for people to continue living their journey in life. But as we enter the
21st century of new technologies, not only our needs but also our wants are broaden to
cope up with the rapidly changing lifestyle of society.

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)

Early man relied on fire for the luxuries of light, heat, and cooking. Nowadays,
electricity plays a huge part in our everyday lives (Zohuri, 2015). From the time we wake
up in the morning until we hit the pillow at night, our daily life is dependent on electricity.
There are numerous of ways for us to generate electricity. Hydroelectric energy, wind
energy, geothermal energy, fossil fuels and nuclear power plants are a few examples for it.
In our country, there are a lot of sources for generating electric energy. There is the Maria
Christina Falls which generate hydroelectric energy. There are also wind turbines located
in Ilocos and Laguna which help power their respective provinces.

Our country is blessed to have all these wonderful sources of power. However, when
unfortunate events occur in our country, these power supplies are severely limited which
cuts the right for us to achieve electricity. For example, when typhoons hit our country
flood usually follows. Even monsoons could easily be the cause of the immediate rising of
water (Sadongdong, 2018). Floods have been a problem in Filipino society due to the fact of
our geographical location. But instead of wallowing in despair and accepting the faith of the
results of these calamities, why not do something to alleviate our ways of living and be alert
whenever these calamities disrupt our lives.

As we know, electricity is a problem especially during certain times of calamities. Sen.

Sherwin Gatchalian even called for emergency funding to immediately restore power in
disaster-hit areas as he slammed the Department of Energy for lacking a crisis protocol that
could prevent prolonged power outages back in 2017 (Orellana , 2017). Even in
summertime, The Philippines is still expected to be heading into a severe “summer” power
crisis.

Hydropower is reduced due to the seasonal dry spell, and a major gas production
facility supplying power plants will be shut down, so that electricity reserves will be
running lower – low enough that a random “tripping” or shutdown of a power plant on the
grid might cause widespread outages. And as we know, fossil fuel is limited and would
come a time when there would be nothing more left. (Rood, 2015).

As the future of the nation, we should collaborate with one another. By innovating
new things and collaborating ideas, we should come up with new ways in generating this
vital part of our society.

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMUNITY PROJECT

Generally, the product is a small device which is made up of primarily electronic
wirings, thermoelectric generators (TEGs), and materials for the frame of the main body.
The product is divided into four main parts: the main body, the stand, the cooling system,
and the main connectors or wirings for the gathered electricity. Firstly, the main body is
made up of materials that can make a metal box that can both support the cooling system
that is located above it and at the same time, resist the heat being applied to it to avoid the
whole product from melting.
Majority of the main body is made from heat sink, a type of heat exchangers that is
used for cooling technologies or electronic devices ad in addition to that, it can be easily
manufactured, has a low price, and very reliable in heat dissipation (Ahmeda, Salman,
Kherbeet, & M.I.Ahmed, 2018). It serves as the frame for the main body and it also houses
the TEGs below. Thermoelectric Generators or TEGs are solid state device that are used to
take thermal energy (heat) and convert it into electricity by means of temperature
difference on both sides (PRASHANTH & WANGO, 2016). It is located below the heat sink
and it also has a metal covering below in order for the heat not to directly touch it.
The second main part of the product is the stand. The main body alone can stand on
its own but the stand is created for not only for the betterment of the design, but the stand
is there to elevate the main body. The TEGs need a heat source for it to work and the stand
can create a room below where the heat source (e.g. candle) can be placed. Above the main
body is a cooling system. The cooling system is made up of a fan and its purpose is to keep
the top part of the heat sink cold as much as possible for the TEGs to attain the needed
temperature difference. Because of the cooling system, the TEGs will produce energy for a
much longer period of time. Last but not the least is the main wires that can supply
electricity to many things like chargers and small fans. It is covered with ceramic material
in order for it to be fire proof and avoid the heat source from melting it.
The design of the product is not that complex compared to many electronic devices.
Furthermore, we limit the materials as much as possible for the product to have a low cost.
Starting with the main body, the heat sink is located at the centered and then the four TEGs
are glued at the bottom using a special adhesive substance which is the thermal paste. It
also helps in the function of the TEGs because it promotes a better heat conductivity
between two surfaces. After that, a metal plate would also be placed at the bottom of the
TEGs using thermal paste again. The heat sink and the metal plate will be screwed together
for the TEGs that are located between them would be more secure. The product has four
stands and each of it is screwed in the four corners of the heat sink.

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)
The cooling system or the fan is located on top of the heat sink and then again, the
thermal paste is used for it to stick. It is also screwed on the heat sink and then it is placed
upside down in order for the air to go directly into the main body. There are four TEGs in
the product; 2 of which are connected in the cooling system while the other two are
connected to the main wirings. This is done in order for the cooling system to also work
when the device is being heated. All of the wirings are then again covered in ceramic for it
to be fire proof.
Like any other technologies or electronic devices, the product can also furthermore
be improved in many aspects. If there are enough funds, the product can be more effective
if the number of TEGs used will increase. This will result to more voltage of electricity;
making it a more effective supplier of energy. The cooling system can also be improved by
finding more effective materials in making the top side of the heat sink colder in a much
shorter time. Lastly, a more effective heat source can also be used to produce hotter
temperature for the product.

RATIONALE

Being an archipelagic country, the Philippines is prone to water-related disasters

such as typhoons and floods (Prawiranegara, 2014). Aside from large bodies of water such
as the Pacific Ocean and the West Philippine Sea surrounding the country, it is also home to
various lakes, rivers, and dams. The in-land bodies of water along with crowded urbanized
cities also cause massive flooding in various areas of the country (Prawiranegara, 2014).
Metro Manila experiences flooding approximately 18-20 times each year (Zoleta-Nantes,
2000).

Aside from typhoon-related disasters, the Philippines is also prone to volcanic

eruptions and earthquakes since it is situated in the pacific ring of fire. Some of these
disasters cause short or long term power outage. On December 2011, tropical storm
“Washi” destroyed the coastal cities of Cagayan de Oro. Huge damage was done by the
typhoon. It took months for power to be restored again in the region (Wingard and
Brändlin, 2018). On September 2018, a 6.4 magnitude earthquake shook the southern parts
of Mindanao triggering landslides and causing power outages (Lim and Orellana, 2018).

With these in mind, the students thought of a product that can help people during
such kinds of disasters. Since today is considered the era of technology, with almost every
person having their own cellular phones, the researchers made a product that can be used
along with such gadgets and other easily accessible materials during a disaster. A study by

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)
Tan (2015) stated that most Filipino families stock up and use matches and candles as a
source of light for situations of disaster. With the use of candles or any source of heat, the
product the researchers came up with, called “ElectroGen” can be used as an alternative
source of power.

“ElectroGen”, coming from the word “Electricity Generator”, is an innovation made

by the researchers designed to serve mainly as an emergency cellphone charger. It can,
however, also be used to light LEDs and power a small fan or other small appliances which
needs a minimum of 2-3 volts to run. ElectroGen is made up mostly of metals and wires
and is divided into four parts: the main body, the cooling system, the stand, and the main
wirings.

In the main body of the ElectroGen is its most important piece, the Thermoelectric
Generator modules (TEG). The TEG modules serve as the main power supply of the
product. Thermoelectric generator can convert directly thermal (heat) energy into
electrical energy (Prashanth & Wango, 2016). The principle behind the product is called the
Seebeck Effect which is the generation of electric voltage, due to electrons being in motion,
when there is a temperature difference which serves as the driving force of the electrons
(Prashanth & Wango, 2016; Uchida et al., 2008). When one side of the TEG is subjected to
heat and the other side is kept cooler, one TEG can produce up to 2.5 volts, dependent on
the amount of temperature difference. The higher the difference in temperature of the
opposite sides, the higher the voltage output of the TEG (Niu, Yu, & Wang, 2009).

The main body is composed of four Thermoelectric Generator modules (TEG) and a
heat sink. The TEG, as stated above, is responsible for the generation of electricity. The heat
sink, which also serves as the base for the cooling system, increases the airflow which also
cools one side of the TEGs increasing the temperature difference and power that the
product produces. Under the heatsink are the TEGs and Aluminum sheet.

Aside from the heat sink, the cooling system is composed of a small fan, placed
above the heatsink. Two out of four TEGs used in the product were allocated for the fan.
The fan serves as an additional aid on cooling down one side of the TEGs. A small motor
was used for the fan because it does not require too much power to work. It can run with
an electric output as low as 2 volts.

Considering direct heat is needed for the TEG to generate electricity, the stands used
for the ElectroGen were made of steel since steel is less flammable and combustible

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)
(Walker, 2015). However, since the product that the researchers made is just a prototype,
this part of the product is subject to change. The researchers wanted to make the product
more convenient and less harmful.

The last part of the product is the main wiring. The other 2 TEGs are allocated for
the actual power output that will be consumed by the users. The wires connecting the main
body and the USB port - for charging - are covered with a ceramic sleeve which are heat-
resistant (TPC Wire & Cable Corp., n.d.) protecting the wires from the flames of the heat
source.

BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS
ITEM QTY AMOUNT REMARKS
(in PHP)
A. Materials
- Thermoelectric Generator 3 750
(single piece)
- Thermoelectric Generator 1 700 Kit includes heatsink (5 x
and Kit 5)
metal plate (5 x 5 )
thermoelectric generator
- Motor 4 200
- Thermal Paste 1 150
- Candles 6 (Per 94.75
package)
- Matchbox 1 10
B. Others
- Transportation - 100 Location of the making of
the product: Montalban,
Rizal.
- Snacks given to the assigned
household
o Rebisco Biscuits 1 289.75 1st Visit
o Goldilocks’ Eggpie 1 215 2nd Visit
Total PHP 2509.5

REFERENCES
434 Families in 3 Rizal towns evacuate due to floods, landslides. (2016, August 15).
Retrieved from The Manila Times.

Ahmeda, H. E., Salman, B., Kherbeet, A., & M.I.Ahmed, M. (2018, March). Optimization of
thermal design of heat sinks: A review. Retrieved from Science Direct:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931017331976

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 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)

Niu, X., Yu, J., & Wang, S. (2009). Experimental study on low-temperature waste heat
thermoelectric generator. Journal of Power Sources.

Oliphant, V. (2018, May 5). Philippines earthquake: Massive 6.1-magnitude quake strike
Catanduanes. Retrieved from Express.

Orellana, F. and Lim, F. (2018). Power cut as magnitude-6.4 quake hits Southern Mindanao.
[online] Newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved from:
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1029838/power-cut-as-magnitude-6-3-quake-hits-
southern-mindanao.
Pa-a, S. (2018, August 12). Monsoon rains cause flooding, landslides in Southern Tagalog.
Retrieved from Philippine News Agency.

PRASHANTH, A., & WANGO, S. (2016, September). SMART POWER GENERATION FROM
WASTE HEAT BY THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR. Retrieved from iraj.in:
http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/2-289-147496868045-49.pdf

Prashanth, A., & Wango, S. (2016). Smart power generation from waste heat by
Thermoelectric Generator. International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering.
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147496868045-49.pdf?fbclid=IwAR27Fwpn-QGE-rMdkOg9ZKdWqg1MWxdsoE0-
IPT3SxknBa-0fUo-AhSwTK0

Prawiranegara, M. (2014). Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA) For Basin-Wide Flood

Risk. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Retrieved from: https://ac.els-
cdn.com/S1877042814042475/1-s2.0-S1877042814042475-main.pdf?_tid=87d17f25-
d49a-42bc-aa82-
834f1dc9d738&acdnat=1543897658_81933afe878288520558d1f567f7522c.

Rood, S. (2015, March 18). Energy Crisis in the Philippines: An Electricity or Presidential
Power Shortage? Retrieved from The Asia Foundation.

Sadongdong, M. (2018, August 12). Thousands evacuated from Calabarzon, Metro Manila
due to heavy rains. Retrieved from Manila Bulletin.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019
CAPSTONE (Creativity & Innovation)
SANMATEO. (2018). Retrieved from http://sanmateo.gov.ph/

Tan, H. (2018). In case of a blackout. Rappler. Retrieved from:

https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/stories/90256-case-brownout

TPC Wire & Cable Corp. (n.d.). Ceramic Ultra-Sleeve High Temperature Sleeving. Retrieved
from TPC Wire & Cable Corp.: https://www.tpcwire.com/products/wire-and-cable-
accessories/cable-sleeving/high-temperature-sleeving/ceramic-ultra-sleeve-high-
temperature-sleeving

Uchida, K., Takahashi, S., Harii, K., Ieda, J., Koshibae, W., Ando, K., . . . Saitoh, E. (2008).
Observation of the spin Seebeck effect. Nature. Retrieved from:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07321

Walker, D. (2015). Material Capabilities: 5 Things to Know About Metal Buildings & Fire
Ratings. Metal Building Manufacturers Association. Retrieved from:
http://mbma.com/media/5_Things_to_Know_About_Metal_Buildings_and_Fire_Codes_FINA
L.pdf

Whiteman, H. (2014, 5 December). Philippines gets more than its share of disasters.
Retrieved from CNN.

Wingard, J. and Brändlin, A. (2018). Philippines: A country prone to natural disasters | DW |

10.11.2013. DW.COM. Retrieved from: https://www.dw.com/en/philippines-a-country-
prone-to-natural-disasters/a-17217404.

Zoleta-Nantes D. B. (2000). Flood Hazards in Metro Manila: Recognizing Commonalities,

Differences, and Courses of Action. Social science diliman.

Zohuri, B. (2015). Combined cycle driven efficiency for next generation nuclear power
plants: An innovative design approach. New York: Springer.

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