Iso 20816 9 2020
Iso 20816 9 2020
Iso 20816 9 2020
STANDARD 20816-9
First edition
2020-06
ISO 20816-9:2020
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04c4dc649ed9/iso-20816-9-2020
Reference number
ISO 20816-9:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
ISO 20816-9:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
4.1 System considered................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.2 Effects of the system............................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.3 Housing or shaft measurements............................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Instrumentation..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 Type................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1.1 General instrumentation requirements........................................................................................................ 3
5.1.2 Shaft measurement instrumentation.............................................................................................................. 3
5.1.3 Housing measurement instrumentation...................................................................................................... 3
5.2 Measurement frequency range.................................................................................................................................................. 4
5.3 Permissible errors................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
5.4 Calibration................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
6 Vibration measurements.............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
6.1
6.2
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Shaft measurements............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Housing measurements.................................................................................................................................................................... 5
6.3 (standards.iteh.ai)
Units of measurement........................................................................................................................................................................ 5
7 Test conditions........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
7.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................
ISO 20816-9:2020 5
7.2 Arrangement of the test system................................................................................................................................................ 5
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7.2.1 Manufacturer's 04c4dc649ed9/iso-20816-9-2020
shop test........................................................................................................................................... 5
7.2.2 On-site acceptance tests............................................................................................................................................. 6
7.2.3 In-service monitoring................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.3 Test conditions......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
8 Evaluation criteria............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
8.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
8.2 Evaluation zones..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
8.3 Acceptance criteria............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.4 Vibration evaluation zone boundaries................................................................................................................................ 7
8.5 Classifications........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
9 Test report.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
9.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
9.2 Manufacturer............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
9.3 Operating data.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
9.4 Description of the arrangement............................................................................................................................................. 10
9.5 Measuring equipment..................................................................................................................................................................... 10
9.6 Test measurements and results.............................................................................................................................................. 10
9.7 Acceptance test approval............................................................................................................................................................. 10
Annex A (informative) Rating curves for vibration displacement and velocity measurements..........11
Annex B (informative) Effects of the system...............................................................................................................................................15
Annex C (informative) Vibration instruments and characteristics considerations..........................................17
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Introduction
ISO 20816-1 is the part of the ISO 20816 series that gives the general requirements for evaluating the
vibration of various machine types when the vibration measurements are made on both non-rotating
parts and rotating shafts.
ISO 20816-9 (this document) provides specific provisions for assessing the vibration of individually
housed, enclosed, speed increasing or speed reducing gear units. It can be used for acceptance testing,
and, by agreement between manufacturer and customer and/or operator, for guidance for routine
operational measurements.
Guidance is provided for assessing the vibration of gear units when operating under steady-state
conditions and considering the magnitude of the observed vibration. However, no criteria are provided
for transient operating conditions.
The evaluation procedures presented in this document are based on broad-band measurements.
However, because of advances in technology, the use of narrow-band measurements or spectral analysis
has become increasingly widespread, particularly for the purposes of vibration evaluation, condition
monitoring and diagnostics. The specification of criteria for such measurements is beyond the scope of
this document. They are provided in greater detail in the relevant parts of the ISO 13373 series which
establish requirements for the vibration condition monitoring of machines.
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for determining and classifying mechanical vibration of
individually housed, enclosed, speed increasing or speed reducing gear units. It specifies methods for
measuring housing and shaft vibrations, and the types of instrumentation, measurement methods and
testing procedures for determining vibration magnitudes. Vibration grades for acceptance are included.
Torsional vibration measurements are outside the scope of this document.
It applies to a gear unit operating within its design speed, load, temperature and lubrication range for
acceptance testing at the manufacturer's facility. By agreement between manufacturer and customer
and/or operator, it can be used for guidelines for on-site acceptance testing and for routine operational
measurements.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
This document applies to gear units of nominal power rating from 10 kW to 100 MW and nominal
(standards.iteh.ai)
rotational speeds between 30 r/min and 12 000 r/min (0,5 Hz to 200 Hz).
This document does not apply to special ISO or auxiliary drive trains, such as integrated gear-driven
20816-9:2020
compressors, pumps, turbines, etc., or gear type clutches used on combined-cycle turbo generators and
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power take-off gears. 04c4dc649ed9/iso-20816-9-2020
The evaluation criteria provided in this document can be applied to the vibration of the main input and
output bearings of the gearbox and to the vibration of internal shaft bearings. They can have limited
application to the evaluation of the condition of those gears. Specialist techniques for evaluating the
condition of gears are outside the scope of this document.
This document establishes provisions under normal steady-state operating conditions for evaluating
the severity of the following in-situ broad-band vibration:
a) structural vibration at all main bearing housings or pedestals measured radially (i.e. transverse) to
the shaft axis;
b) structural vibration at thrust bearing housings measured in the axial direction;
c) vibration of rotating shafts radially (i.e. transverse) to the shaft axis at, or close to, the main
bearings;
d) structural vibration on the gear casing.
NOTE Vibration occurring during non-steady-state conditions (when transient changes are taking place),
including run up or run down, initial loading and load changes are outside the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
4 General
When operating conditions during acceptance testing deviate considerably from field service, the
differences shall be taken into account in the assessment of vibration data.
5 Instrumentation
5.1 Type
The recommended type of transducer for measuring relative shaft vibration is a non-contacting
transducer or proximity probe.
The instrument shall allow a reading of peak or peak-to-peak values of vibration displacement to be taken.
NOTE Shaft-riding transducers are no longer in common use, but if fitted, can be acceptable if the rotational
frequency of the shaft is less than 3 000 r/min, the signal frequency is less than 200 Hz, and surface rubbing
velocity is less than 30 m/s.
The recommended type of transducer for measuring housing vibration is a seismic transducer
measuring velocity or acceleration. In order to measure acceleration, velocity and displacement, it is
preferable to use an accelerometer. The instrumentation used to acquire the signal should be capable
of displaying the root-mean-square (RMS) values of vibration velocity in millimetres per second and
the true peak values of vibration acceleration in metres per second per second. The mounting method
can affect the frequency response of the transducer; it should therefore preferably be mounted with a
screw or stud or using a suitable bonding material. Magnet-mounted accelerometers can be acceptable
if the highest fundamental frequency of tooth meshing is less than 2 000 Hz. Hand-held housing
measurements are not acceptable for acceptance testing.
NOTE Information on mounting transducers is contained in ISO 5348 and ISO 13373-1.
5.4 Calibration
For acceptance testing, the vibration instrumentation shall be checked against a reference signal and
any specified adjustments made immediately before and rechecked immediately after each series of
gear unit acceptance vibration measurements have been taken.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
For in-situ measurements, calibration of the complete measuring equipment system should be carried
out regularly as specified by the instrumentation supplier. Calibrations are typically valid for one to
five years. (standards.iteh.ai)
NOTE 1 Guidance on transducer calibration by comparison is given in ISO 16063-21.
ISO 20816-9:2020
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NOTE 2 Guidance on transducer in-situ calibration is given in ISO 16063-44.
04c4dc649ed9/iso-20816-9-2020
6 Vibration measurements
Frequency (standards.iteh.ai) Hz
The mechanism for driving the gearbox during a shop test shall be the gear unit manufacturer's
responsibility unless otherwise negotiated with the customer and/or operator.
The test transmission, driver, gear unit and any load applied shall be connected by the in-service
couplings or by couplings with similar effective overhung masses. The gear unit can be tested with no-
load or with a light load to stabilize operation or in accordance with the conditions set out in 7.3.