A

Seminar Report
On
Graphical User Interface[GUI]
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of B. Tech. degree
in Information Technology

By
Akash Solanki
1709713013

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Professor and Head of Department

Department of Information Technology

Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology
1, Knowledge Park, Phase II, Greater Noida – 201306
 ABSTRACT

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are human-computer interaction systems. In these systems,
users interact with the computer by manipulating visual representations of objects or
commands. GUIs are part of common operating systems like Windows and Mac OS. They
are also used in other applications

GUIs transform the computer screen into a physical map on which graphics represent
functions, programs, files, and directories. In GUIs, users control an onscreen pointer, usually
an arrow or hand symbol, to navigate the computer screen. Users activate computing
functions by directing the pointer over an icon and “clicking” on it. For instance, GUI users
can cause the computer to display the contents of a directory (the “dir.” command in DOS) by
clicking on a folder or directory icon on the screen. Modern GUIs combine text-based icons,
such as those found in menu bars and movable windows, with linked text icons that can be
used to access programs and directories...

User-centred design focuses on understanding and addressing user preferences, needs,

capabilities, and tendencies. According to these design principles, interface metaphors help
make GUIs user friendly. Interface metaphors are models that represent real-world objects or
concepts to enhance user understanding of computer functions. For example, the desktop
structure of a GUI is designed using the metaphor of a desk

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar entitled “Microsoft Azure: Cloud Computing Platform &
Services” is a bona fide record of the Seminar work done by Akash Solanki (1709713013)
under my supervision and guidance, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Outcome
Based Education Paradigm in Information Technology from Galgotias College of
Engineering & Technology Greater Noida for the academic year 2020-21

Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Singh

Professor and Head of Department

Dept. of Information Technology

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Ranjit Kumar Sir for valuable guidance,
inspiration and help without which it would have been difficult to achieve anything worthwhile.
I also wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr Sanjeev Kumar Singh Sir, HOD Information
Technology for extending all facilities and all words of encouragement while working on this
seminar report. It is an honour for me to express the greatest of all the love, honour, respect
and appreciations to my family, whose inspiration and vision brought me where I am today.
Lastly my special gratefulness to all those who helped and guided me directly or indirectly in
the completion of this seminar report.

Akash Solanki

Roll No: - 1709713013

B. TECH (IT-A)

Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology

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 CONTENTS

Chapter No TITLE Page no.

Abstract i

Certificate ii

Acknowledgement iii

1 GUI Overview 1

1.1 Types of GUI 2

1.2 Benefits of GUI 3

1.3 Tkinter 4

2 Tkinter Module 5

2.1 Button 5

2.2 Radio Button 6

2.3 Check Button 7

2.4 Widgets 9

3 Frame 11

3.1 Frame Services 11

3.2 GUI Frame Services 12

3.3 GUI Data Services 12

3.4 GUI App Services 13

4 Message Box 14

5 Menus 15

6 Advantages of GUI 17

7 CONCLUSION 19

8 REFERENCES 20
 1.GUI OVERVIEW

Designing the visual composition and temporal behaviour of a GUI is an important part
of software application programming in the area of human–computer interaction. Its goal is to
enhance the efficiency and ease of use for the underlying logical design of a stored program a
design discipline named Methods of user-centred are used to ensure that the visual language
introduced in the design is well-tailored to the tasks.

The visible graphical interface features of an application are sometimes referred to

as chrome or GUI (pronounced). Typically, users interact with information by manipulating
visual widgets that allow for interactions appropriate to the kind of data they hold. The widgets
of a well-designed interface are selected to support the actions necessary to achieve the goals
of users. A model–view–controller allows flexible structures in which the interface is
independent of and indirectly linked to application functions, so the GUI can be customized
easily. This allows users to select or design a different at will, and eases the designer's work to
change the interface as user needs evolve. Good user interface design relates to users more, and
to system architecture less. Large widgets, such as windows, usually provide a frame or
container for the main presentation content such as a web page, email message, or drawing.
Smaller ones usually act as a user-input tool.

A GUI may be designed for the requirements of a vertical market as application-specific

graphical user interfaces. Examples include automated teller machines (ATM), point of
sale (POS) touchscreens at restaurants self-service checkouts used in a retail store, airline self-
ticket and check-in, information kiosks in a public space.

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1.1 TYPES OF GUI
1) Command Line Interface
2) Menu-driven Interface
3) Touchscreen GUI

1. Command Line Interface:

The command line interface is no longer common as a form of basic user interface in
everyday consumer products, but it is still in use under certain circumstances. Command Line
Interface requires users to type appropriate instructions into the command line. The computer
is commanded to first go to the required file or directory. From there, a whole host of
commands become available, from retrieving files to running programs.

2. Menu-driven Interface:
The menu-driven user interface provides you with a range of commands or options in the form
of a list or menu displayed in full-screen, pop-up, pull-down, or drop-down. An ATM is an
example of a menu-driven interface.

3. Touchscreen GUI:
The touchscreen GUI is very similar to the regular GUI, except that you use your fingers or a
stylus to select icons and perform tasks, rather than a mouse or trackpad. Touchscreen GUIs
are commonly found on tablets, smartphones, and medical devices, like the. The touchscreen
GUI has the same benefits and disadvantages as standard GUIs, but also offers a more intimate
method of interaction. The lack of peripherals makes touchscreen GUIs very convenient.

Of the four types of user interface, the graphical user interface is by far the most common,
followed by the touchscreen variation. Despite the alternative technologies that already exist
and continue to emerge, the GUI remains the preferred standard. This is largely due to the
simplicity and ease of use.

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1.2 BENEFITS OF GUI

There are many benefits of GUI. Some of them are listed below.
 Simplifying the communication of information
 Providing additional clarification to enable seamless engagement
 Introducing a sense of drama that intrigues and delights
 Persuading users to complete a specific action that will deliver a tangible reward
 Illuminating unexpected, under-appreciated or previously unknown information
 Offering an entertaining escape from reality, at least for a short time

Most online interactions are not meant to be final and should instead facilitate and actively
promote progression. By designing an effective user interface, you should find it possible to
deliver seamless user journeys that consistently support logical next steps and encourage
additional interaction in the process

Being human means that we have the ability to directly interact with an array of physical
objects within a familiar material environment. These interactions are often things that we
do every day, so we understand the parameters of these experiences. As such, we find them
simple, seamless and enjoyable.

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1.3 tkinter

The tkinter package (“Tk interface”) is the standard Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit.
Both Tk and tkinter are available on most Unix platforms, as well as on Windows systems.
(Tk itself is not part of Python; it is maintained at Active State.)

Running from the command line should open a window demonstrating a simple Tk interface,
letting you know that tkinter is properly installed on your system, and also showing what
version of Tcl/Tk is installed, so you can read the Tcl/Tk documentation specific to that
version.

Most of the time, tkinter is all you really need, but a number of additional modules are
available as well. The Tk interface is located in a binary module named _tkinter. This module
contains the low-level interface to Tk, and should never be used directly by application
programmers. It is usually a shared library (or DLL), but might in some cases be statically
linked with the Python interpreter.

In addition to the Tk interface module, tkinter includes a number of Python modules, tkinter.
Constants being one of the most important. Importing tkinter will automatically
import tkinter. Constants, so, usually, to use Tkinter all you need is a simple import
statement:

tkinter.colorchooser
Dialog to let the user choose a color.

tkinter.commondialog
Base class for the dialogs defined in the other modules listed here.

tkinter.filedialog
Common dialogs to allow the user to specify a file to open or save.

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 2. Tkinter Module
2.1 Button
The Button widget is used to add buttons in a Python application. These buttons can display
text or images that convey the purpose of the buttons. You can attach a function or a method
to a button which is called automatically when you click the button.

 Background color when the button is under the cursor

 Foreground color when the button is under the cursor.
 Border width in pixels. Default is 2.
 Normal background color.
 Function or method to be called when the button is clicked.
 Height of the button in text lines (for textual buttons) or pixels (for images).
 How to show multiple text lines: LEFT to left-justify each line; CENTER to centre
them; or RIGHT to right-justify.
 Relief specifies the type of the border. Some of the values are SUNKEN, RAISED,
GROOVE, and RIDGE.
 import Tkinter
 import tkMessageBox
 top = Tkinter.Tk()
 def helloCallBack():
 tkMessageBox.showinfo(“Hello Python", "Hello World")
 B = Tkinter.Button(top, text ="Hello", command =
helloCallBack)
 B.pack()
 top.mainloop()

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2.2 Radio Button

This widget implements a multiple-choice button, which is a way to offer many possible
selections to the user and lets user choose only one of them.

In order to implement this functionality, each group of radiobutton must be associated to the
same variable and each one of the buttons must symbolize a single value. You can use the Tab
key to switch from one radio button to another.

 The background color when the mouse is over the radiobutton.

 The foreground color when the mouse is over the radiobutton.

 from Tkinter import *

 def sel():
 selection = "You selected the option " + str(var.get())
 label.config(text = selection)
 root = Tk()
 var = IntVar()
 R1 = Radiobutton(root, text="Option 1", variable=var, value=1,command=sel)
 R1.pack(anchor = W )
 R2 = Radiobutton(root, text="Option 2", variable=var, value=2,command=sel)
 R2.pack(anchor = W
 R3 = Radiobutton(root, text="Option 3", variable=var, value=3,command=sel)
 R3.pack( anchor = W)
 label = Label(root)
 label.pack()
 root.mainloop()

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2.3 Check Button

The Check button widget is used to display a number of options to a user as toggle buttons.
The user can then select one or more options by clicking the button corresponding to each
option.

You can also display images in place of text.

Pros: -

 This is ideal for the application where complete control is required. The virtual machine
can be completely adapted to the requirements of the organization or business.
 Check Button facilitates very efficient design time portability. This means application
can be migrated to Windows Azure without rework All the application dependencies
such as database can also be migrated to Azure.
 Check Button allows quack transition of services to clouds, which helps the vendors to
offer services to their clients easy. This also helps the vendors to expand their business
by selling the casting software or services in new markets.

Cons: -

 Since users are given complete control they are tempted to stick to a particular version
for the dependencies of applications. It might become difficult for them to migrate the
application to future versions.
 There are many factors which increases the cost of its operation. For example, higher
server maintenance for patching and upgrading software.
 There are lots of security risks from unpatched servers. Some companies have well-
defined processes for testing and updating on- premise servers for security
vulnerabilities. These processes need to be extended to the cloud-hosted Check Button
VMs to mitigate hacking risks.
 The unpatched servers pose a great security risk. Unlike Check Button, there is no
provision of automatic server patching in Button. An unpatched server with sensitive
information can be very vulnerable affecting the entire business of an organization.

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  from Tkinter import *
 import tkMessageBox
 import Tkinter
 top = Tkinter.Tk()
 CheckVar1 = IntVar()
 CheckVar2 = IntVar()
 C1 = Checkbutton(top, text = "Music", variable = CheckVar1,
onvalue = 1, offvalue = 0, height=5,width = 20)
 C2 = Checkbutton(top, text = "Video", variable = CheckVar2,
onvalue = 1, offvalue = 0, height=5, \width = 20)
 C1.pack()
 C2.pack()
 top.mainloop()

It becomes necessary to understand the pros and cons of both services in order to choose the
right one according your requirements. In conclusion t can be said that GUI has definite
economic advantages for operations over GUI for commodity applications. In Tkinter, the cost
of operations breaks the business model Whereas. Tkinter gives complete control of the OS
and application platform stack.

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2.4 Widgets
Widget Management Portal is an interface to manage the services and infrastructure launched
in 2012 Al the services and applications are displayed in t and it lets the user manage them.

Getting started
 A free trial account can be created on GUI management portal by visiting the
following link manage windowsazure.com

 The screen that pops up is as shown in the following mug: The account can be created
using our existing Gmail Hotmail or Yahoo account.

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10
 3. Frame

The Frame widget is very important for the process of grouping and organizing other
widgets in a somehow friendly way. It works like a container, which is responsible for
arranging the position of other widgets.

It uses rectangular areas in the screen to organize the layout and to provide padding of these
widgets. A frame can also be used as a foundation class to implement complex widgets.

3.1. Frame services

Frame Services compute services provide the processing power required for cloud applications
to be able to run Windows Azure currently offers four different complete services:

 Virtual Machines: This service provides you with a general-purpose computing

environment that lets you create, deploy and manage virtual machines running in the
Frame.

 Web Sites: This service provides you with a managed web environment you can use to
create new websites migrate your existing business website to the Frame.

 Services: The serve allows you to build and deploy highly available and almost
infinitely scalable applications with low administration costs using almost any
programming language.

 Mobile Services: Thus service provides a turnkey solution for building and deploying
apps and storing date for mobile devices.

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3.2. GUI Frame services

GUI Frame Services network services provide you with different options for how Windows
Azure applications can be delivered to users and data centres. Windows Aare currently offers
two different network services:

 Virtual Network: This service allows you to treat the Windows Azure public cloud as
it is an extension of your on-premises datacentre.

 Traffic Manager: This service allows you to route application traffic for the user who
is using the application to Windows Aare datacentres in three ways for best
performance. in round robin fashion, or using an Active/Passive failover configuration.

3.3. GUI Data services

Windows Aare data services provide you with different ways of storing, managing
safeguarding, analysing, and reporting business data Windows Azure currently offers five
different data services

 Data Frame: This service lets you store your business data in SQL databases, either
with dedicated Microsoft SQL Server virtual machines, using SQL Database, using
NoSQL Tables via REST, or using BLOB storage.

 Analytics Frame: This service enables ease of discovery and data enrichment using
Microsoft SQL Server Reporting and Analysis Services or Microsoft SharePoint Server
running in a virtual machine. Windows Azure SQL Reporting the Windows Azure
Marketplace, or HDInsight, a Hadoop implementation for Big Data.

 HDInsight: This is Microsoft Hadoop-based service which brings a 100 percent

Apache Hadoop soon to the cloud.

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3.4. GUI App services
GUI app services provide you with ways of enhancing the performance, security.
discoverability, and integration of your cloud apps that are running. Windows Azure
currently offers seven different app services:

 Media Services: This service allows you to build workflows for the creation
management. and distribution of media using the Windows Aare public cloud.

 Messaging: This consists of two services (Windows Azure Service Bus and Windows
Azure Queue) that allow you to keep your apps connected across your private cloud
environment and the Windows Azure public cloud.

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 4. Message Box

Python offers multiple options for developing GUI (Graphical User Interface). Out of all the
GUI methods, tkinter is the most commonly used method. It is a standard Python interface to
the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. Python with tkinter is the fastest and easiest way to
create the GUI applications. Creating a GUI using tkinter is an easy task

Python Tkinter – MessageBox Widget is used to display the message boxes in the python
applications. This module is used to display a message using provides a number of functions

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 5. Menus

Menus in GUIs are presented with a combination of text and symbols to represent the choices.
Selecting with the mouse (or finger on touch screens) on one of the symbols or text, an action
will be started. Such an action or operation can, for example, be the opening or saving of a file,
A context menu is a menu in which the choices presented to the user are modified according to
the current context in which the user is located.

menu = Menu(master, **options)

Menus are the important part of any GUI. A common use of menus is to provide convenient
access to various operations such as saving or opening a file, quitting a program, or
manipulating data. Top level menus are displayed just under the title bar of the root or any
other Top level windows.

The Menu widget is used to create various types of menus (top level, pull down, and pop up)
in the python application.

The top-level menus are the one which is displayed just under the title bar of the parent window.
We need to create a new instance of the Menu widget and add various commands to it by using
the add() method.

The syntax to use the Menu widget is given below.

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16
 6. Advantage of GUI

The primary objective of every GUI is to deliver the kind of clarity that will allow its users
to rapidly begin engaging and interacting with it in meaningful ways. This doesn’t mean that
GUIs cannot be designed to introduce a sense of mystery and intrigue, but it is essential to
avoid confusion.

 Pay as you grow: Match usage needs with the option of pay-as-you-go pricing -paying
for the services you use and reducing the capital costs associated with purchasing
hardware and infrastructure.

 Reduce operational costs: Azure reduces the need for up-front technology purchases
and by running applications in the cloud you decrease the need for maintaining on
premise infrastructure.

 Increase business efficiency and agility: by dynamically adding and subtracting

capacity in real time Azure simplifies maintaining and operating applications by
providing on demand compute and storage to host scale and manage web and connected
applications.

 Build and deploy software quickly and easily by capitalising on the same personnel
development tools and investments, knowledge that already powers your IT
organisation

 Easy developer on-ramp to the cloud: Millions of developers worldwide already use
the NET Framework and the Visual Studio development environment Utilize those
same skills to create cloud-enabled applications that can be written, tested, and

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 7. CONCLUSION

After installation, the GUI is usually the first part of your software that users see. First
impressions last a long time; if the GUI isn't well designed, you'll likely have some
disappointed users! However, as with all aspects of modern software, the various front-end
technologies are the subject of ongoing development. This development is occurring in the
open source and proprietary worlds; as programmers, we benefit from the new offerings.

Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition provides some compelling features for GUI
development. This includes different views: one for designers and the other for coders. Such a
separation allows for attractive front-end aesthetics as well as good coding practices. In
addition, a rich palette of visual elements is available, which helps to reduce the need for
custom-built widgets.

I've often found front-end tools to be a little opaque and difficult to follow. I'm glad to see that
this situation is improving as well, and it's not hard to supplement the tools with some low-tech
facilities, such as calls to MessageBox(). This capability can help in filling any gaps left by the
code-generation phase. I think this area of Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition is worthy
of deeper study.

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 8. REFERENCES

1) Designing the User Interface, Ben Schneiderman ©1987, 1992 Addison-Wesley

Publishing Company

2) M. Fitzgerald. When the forecast calls Inc.Boston , 31(1):100-102, 2009.

3) Graphic Design for Electronic Documents and User Interfaces, Aaron Marcus
©1991 ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Company

4) Microsoft Developer Network CD ©1992-1994 Microsoft Corporation, Redmond,

WA

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