DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, DURGAPUR

CLASS - XI
ENGLISH LITERATURE
TOPIC- A PHOTOGRAPH
Summary
The poem is a tribute to the poet’s mother. She is looking at an old photograph of her mother
which has a frame of cardboard. The picture has three girls in which the middle one is the oldest
and tallest.
It is her mother when she was twelve years old or so. Beside her, on both sides are her two
cousins, Betty and Dolly, who are holding her hands and are younger than her. They went for
paddling on a beach holiday. Her uncle took the photograph then. The poet could not help but
notice her mother’s sweet face. The sea touched her terribly transient feet which depicted that
she changed over the years and the sea remained the same.
After twenty-thirty years, her mother would laugh at the photograph. She would make the poet
look at the photograph and tell her how their parents would dress them up for the beach holiday.
The beach holiday was her mother’s favourite past memories while her laugh was the poet's
favourite memory. Both of them lost something which they cherished a lot and yet cannot live
that moment again.
Those sweet moments were memories now.
Now, the poet’s mother had been dead for the past twelve years, which is the same number as of her
age when the photograph was taken back then. She cannot express the grief that she has from her
mother’s absence.
A Photograph Literary Devices
Alliteration - repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of two or more consecutive
words. The instances of alliteration in the poem are as follows-
Stood still
Through their
My mother’s
Terribly transient
Silence silences
Oxymoron - a term which contradicts itself
Laboured ease
Transferred Epithet - figure of speech in which a modifier (usually an adjective) qualifies a
noun other than the person or thing it is actually describing. In other words, the modifier
or epithet is transferred from the noun it is meant to describe to another noun in the sentence.
Terribly transient feet.
Text book Questions & Answers

1. What does the word ‘cardboard’ denote in the poem? Why has this word been used?
A. The cardboard is a part of a photo frame that keeps the photograph intact. It is made of
very stiff and hard paper. The poet has ironically used it in her poem, ‘The Photograph.’
This cardboard helps in keeping the photograph of the 12 years old girl safely intact who
herself was of transient nature. This word has been used to refer to a practice in the past when
photographs were pasted on cardboard and framed with glass front to preserve them.
Cardboard is used to give firm support to a photograph and make it long lasting but the irony
here is, persons in the photograph cannot not escape ravages of time.
Though the photograph remains intact, the moments are gone forever and so do the persons
captured there.

2. What has not changed over the years? Does this suggest something to you?
A. The sea has not changed over the years. It is still the same. The sea symbolizes eternity.

3. The poet’s mother laughed at the snapshot. What did this laugh indicate?
A. This laugh indicates her remembering her past. She looked back to her childhood with
nostalgia and remembered the innocent joys of her childhood days.

4. What is the meaning of the line “Both wry with the laboured ease of loss”.
A. Actually, both of them suffer a sense of loss. The mother loses her carefree childhood. She
can't have those moments of enjoyment again that she once experienced at the beach. She
cannot be smiling girl of twelve again. This is also poet's loss. Perhaps she will never see that
smiling face and experience her laughter again in life. This irony of the situation is that both of
them struggle to bear the loss with tolerable. 'laboured ease of loss' is an
oxymoron, a poetic device where two opposites are used together.
.

EXTRA QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1) What emotions does the poet’s mother have when she looks at the photograph?
A. The mother feels nostalgic looking at her bygone years. She laughs out loud and tells her
daughter how her cousins had dressed up for the beach. She recalls those days when she was
innocent and playful.

2) ‘Each photograph is a memory.’ Justify the statement in the light of the poem.
A. Photographs are memories that are captured and kept for lifetime purposes. Shirley
Toulson’s “A Photograph” captures one such moment when her mother was young and she
went on a beach holiday with her cousins. Gone are these days of the mother and her
cousins but the photograph manages to bring back those memories even after thirty years
later. The laughter of the mother while seeing the photograph has become a past incident.
But the photograph allows the poet to recall and revive the laughter through the image
captured thirty years back. Therefore, photographs are indeed memories.

3) Explain the line " the sea holiday as a past, mine is her laughter , Time spares none".
A. Gone are the childhood days of mother and the sea holiday has become her past, the
photograph flashes back to the scene that was captured about 30 years ago. Gone is a
carefree laughter of the mother which was love at one time. But now, the laughter of her
mother has eventually become a thing of past for the poet. She has silently resigned
herself to the fate.
 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, DURGAPUR
MATHEMATICS STUDY MATERIAL
CLASS – XI
ASSIGNMENT - 2
1. Insert three numbers between 1 and 256 so that the resulting sequence is a G.P.
2. If A.M. and G.M. of two positive numbers a and b are 10 and 8, respectively, find the numbers
3. The 5th, 8th and 11 th terms of a G.P. are p, q and s, respectively. Show that q2 = ps.
4. The 4th term of a G.P. is square of its second term, and the first term is – 3. Determine its 7th term.
5. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is 39 /10 and their product is 1. Find the common ratio and the terms.
6. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is 16 and the sum of the next three terms is 128. Determine the first
term, the common ratio and the sum to n terms of the G.P
7. If the 4th, 10th and 16th terms of a G.P. are x, y and z, respectively. Prove that x, y, z are in G.P.
8. Find the sum to n terms of the sequence, 8, 88, 888, 8888… .
9. If the 4th, 10th and 16th terms of a G.P. are x, y and z, respectively. Prove that x, y, z are in G.P.
10. The sum of some terms of G.P. is 315 whose first term and the common ratio are 5 and 2, respectively. Find
the last term and the number of ter
 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, DURGAPUR
SESSION: 2022-23
ASSIGNMENT - 2
SUB: PHYSICS CLASS: XI WEEK: 2ND

TOPIC: UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS

SUB-TOPIC: Errors and Dimensions
❖ Significant figures: These are normally those digits in a measured quantity which is known reliably or
about which we have confidence in our measurement plus one additional digit that is uncertain.
❖ Error = True value –Measured value
❖ The Error in a measurement is equal to the difference between the true value and the measured value of the
quantity.
❖ Absolute error: It is defined as the difference between the magnitude of true value of a quantity and its
measured value.
For an example, if n number of observations taken by an observer are a1, a2,.….. an , then the true value of
1 n
the quantity is amean =  ai .
n i =1
Hence, absolute error in measuring a1 is a1 = a1 − amean
absolute error in measuring a2 is a2 = a2 − amean
1 n
Hence, amean =  ai
n i =1
❖ Relative error and Percentage error: Relative error is defined as the ratio of mean absolute error to the
mean value of the quantity.
a a
Relative error,  a = mean and Percentage error  a% = mean 100% .
amean amean
❖ Error on addition of values: c = a  b , maximum error in c.
❖ Error on subtraction of values: c =  ( a + b ) , maximum error in c.
c  a b 
❖ Error in the product of two values: =  +  , maximum error in c.
c  a b 
c  a b 
❖ Error in the quotient of two values:  =  +  , maximum error in c.
c  a b 
a mb n
❖ Error with a measured quantity is raised to a power: If c = t , then, maximum error in c is
p
c a b p
=m +n +t .
c a b p

Home Assignment:
Q1 If the percentage error in measuring the radius of a sphere is 5%, find the percentage error in
measuring its volume.
Q2 If the percentage error in measuring the radius of a sphere is 1%, find the percentage error in
measuring its surface area.
Q3 If the percentage error in measuring the radius and length of a cylinder are 2% and 5% respectively,
find the percentage error in measuring its volume.
Q4 Two resistors, having resistances ( 2  0.5 ) ohm and ( 5  0.1) ohm, are connected in (i) series and (ii)
parallel. Calculate the equivalent resistance in both the cases with error value.
Q5 If the percentage errors in measuring the mass and velocity of an object are respectively 3% and 5% ,
then find out the percentage error in measuring its (i) momentum (ii) kinetic energy.
Q6 A resistor has a marking as “470 Ω, 10%”? What will be the true value of resistor?
Q7 The refractive index (μ) of water is found to have the values 1.29, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.32, 1.36, 1.30 and
1.33. Calculate the mean value, absolute error, the relative error and the percentage error.
Q8 A current of 3.5 ± 0·5 ampere flows through metallic conductor. And a potential difference of 21 ± 1
volt is applied. Find the Resistance of the wire.
Q9 A physical quantity X is related to four measurable quantities a, b, c and d as follows:
5
a 2b 2
X= 4 . The percentage error in the measurement of a, b, c and d are 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%,
c d
respectively. What is the percentage error in quantity X ?
Q10 If P, Q, R are three physical quantities, having different dimensions, which of the following
combinations can never be a meaningful quantity?
(a) (P – Q)/R
(b) PQ – R
(c) PQ/R
(d) (PR – Q2)/R
(e) (R + Q)/P
Q11 Which of the following physical quantities do not have same dimensions?
(a) Pressure and stress
(b) Tension and surface tension
(c) Strain and angle
(d) Energy and work.
Q12 Name same physical quantities that have same dimension.
Q13 Mention one restriction for the dimension analysis method.
Q14 The air bubble formed by explosion inside water performs oscillations with time period T which
depends on pressure (p), density (ρ) and on energy due to explosion (E). Establish relation between
T, p, E and ρ.
Q15 The velocity v of a particle depends upon the time‘t’ according to the equation

Determine the units of a, b, c and d. What physical quantities they represent. All have SI units.

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 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, DURGAPUR
SESSION: 2022-23
ASSIGNMENT - 2
SUB: CHEMISTRY CLASS: XI

 Significant Figures
Significant figures are meaningful digits which are known with certainty. There are certain rules for
determining the number of significant figures. These are stated below:
1. All non-zero digits are significant. For example, in 285 cm, there are three significant figures and in 0.25
mL, there are two significant figures.
2. Zeros preceding to first non-zero digit are not significant. Such zeros indicates the position of decimal
point.
For example, 0.03 has one significant figure and 0.0052 has two significant figures.
3. Zeros between two non-zero digits are significant. Thus, 2.005 has four significant figures.
4. Zeros at the end or right of a number are significant provided they are on the right side of the decimal
point. For example, 0.200 g has three significant figures.
5. Counting numbers of objects. For example, 2 balls or 20 eggs have infinite significant figures as these
are exact numbers and can be represented by writing infinite number of zeros after placing a decimal.
i.e., 2 = 2.000000
or 20 = 20.000000
 Addition and Subtraction of Significant Figures
In addition or subtraction of the numbers having different precisions, the final result should be reported to
the same number of decimal places as in the term having the least number of decimal places.
For example, let us carry out the addition of three numbers 3.52, 2.3 and 6.24, having different precisions
or different number of decimal places.

The final result has two decimal places but the answer has to be reported only up to one decimal place, i.e.,
the answer would be 12.0.
Subtraction of numbers can be done in the same way as the addition.

The final result has four decimal places. But it has to be reported only up to two decimal places, i.e., the
answer would be 11.36.

• Multiplication and Division of Significant Figures

In the multiplication or division, the final result should be reported upto the same number of significant
figures as present in the least precise number.
Multiplication of Numbers: 2.2120 x 0.011 = 0.024332
According to the rule the final result = 0.024
Division of Numbers: 4.2211÷3.76 = 1.12263
The correct answer = 1.12
 Molecular Mass
Molecular mass is the sum of atomic masses of the elements present in a molecule. It is obtained by
multiplying the atomic mass of each element by number of its atoms and adding them together.
For example,
Molecular mass of methane (CH4)
= 12.011 u + 4 (1.008 u)
= 16.043 u
 Formula Mass
Ionic compounds such as NaCl, KNO3, Na2C03 etc. do not consist of molecules i.e., single entities but
exist “as ions closely packed together in a three dimensional space as shown in -Fig..

In such cases, the formula is used to calculate the formula mass instead of molecular mass. Thus, formula
mass of NaCl = Atomic mass of sodium + atomic mass of chlorine
= 23.0 u + 35.5 u = 58.5 u.

• Mole Concept
It is found that one gram atom of any element contains the same number of atoms and one gram molecule
of any substance contains the same number of molecules. This number has been experimentally
determined and found to be equal to 6.022137 x 1023 The value is generally called Avogadro’s number or
Avogadro’s constant.
It is usually represented by NA:
Avogadro’s Number, NA = 6.022 × 1023

• Percentage Composition
One can check the purity of a given sample by analysing this data. Let us understand by taking the
example of water (H20). Since water contains hydrogen and oxygen, the percentage composition of both
these elements can be calculated as follows:

•
 Empirical Formula
The formula of the compound which gives the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of yarious
elements present in one molecule of the compound.
For example, the formula of hydrogen peroxide is H202. In order to express its empirical formula, we have
to take out a common factor 2. The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms is 1:1 and the empirical
formula is HO. Similarly, the formula of glucose is C6H1206. In order to get the simplest whole number of
the atoms,
Common factor = 6
The ratio is = 1 : 2 : 1 The empirical formula of glucose = CH20

• Molecular Formula
The formula of a compound which gives the actual ratio of the atoms of various elements present in one
molecule of the compound.
For example, molecular formula of hydrogen peroxide = H202and Glucose = C6H1206
Molecular formula = n x Empirical formula
Where n is the common factor and also called multiplying factor. The value of n may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
etc.
In case n is 1, Molecular formula of a compound = Empirical formula of the compound.

 Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations

The word ‘stoichiometry’ is derived from two Greek words—Stoicheion (meaning element) and metron
(meaning measure). Stoichiometry, thus deals with the calculation of masses (sometimes volume also) of
the reactants and the products involved in a chemical reaction. Let us consider the combustion of
methane. A balanced equation for this reaction is as given below:

 Limiting Reactant/Reagent
Sometimes, in alchemical equation, the reactants present are not the amount as required according to the
balanced equation. The amount of products formed then depends upon the reactant which has reacted
completely. This reactant which reacts completely in the reaction is called the limiting reactant or
limiting reagent. The reactant which is not consumed completely in the reaction is called excess
reactant.
 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, DURGAPUR
SESSION: 2022-23
ASSIGNMENT – II
SUB: BIOLOGY CLASS: XI
TOPIC: BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
SUB-TOPIC: - (i) Classification (ii) Monera (iii) Protista (iv) Fungi

(i) Classification – Linnaeus gave two kingdom classification .

R.H. Whittaker 1969—five kingdom classification;
criteria-cell structure,thallus organization,nutrition,reproduction,phylogenetic relationship
(ii) Monera – Bacteria are members, present everywhere,live in extreme habitats, four basic shapes of
bacteria----bacillus, coccus, vibrium,spirillum,may be photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic
autotrophic.

Bacteria and types

(a) Archaebacteria--- found in harsh habitats---halophiles,thermoacidophiles,methanogens.

Halophiles thermoacidophiles methanogens
0
aerobic Grow at high temperature 80 Cand low pH Obligate anaerobe
In anaerobic condition reduce Sulphur to ConvertCO2,methanol,H2,
H2S. Acetate,Formic acid into CH4.

(b) Eubacteria ---- presence of rigid cellwall, flagellum present if motile, cyanobacteria contains
chlorophyll-a, and are photosynthetic autotrophs. Nostoc , Anabaena can fix Nitrogen .Chemosynthetic
bacteria help in recycling of nutrients.Bacteria reproduce by binary fission and spores.
Mycoplasma lacks cell wall, ,smallest living organism.It was discovered by E Nocardand ER
Roux.Enclosed by limiting membrane which have sterols.dsDNA present,absence of flagella and
endospores.

(iii) Protista -- Usually aquatic, forms a link with plants, animals and fungi. All are single celled
Eukaryotes,first Eukaryotes on earth,connecting link between prokaryote and eukaryote.They reproduce by
cell fusion, zygote formation.It includes---Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime
moulds,
 Different types of dinoflagellates
Diatoms

Protozoans-------(Amoeboid, Flagellated,Ciliated,sporozoans) D

Diatoms
(iv) Fungi --- They are saprophyte,heterotrophic.They are parasites or symbionts also.Reproduction is
by fragmentation, fission,budding,sporangiospores,oospores,ascospores,basidiospores.
.It includes members of ---Phycomycetes,Ascomycetes,Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes. Fungi also
reproduces sexually.Dikaryon phase is found in fungi.

EXTRA FACTS:
 Microbiology is the study of organisms too small to be seen with naked eye.
 The bacteria is covered by cell envelope which consists of Glycocalyx,followed by cell wall and
cell membrane .
 Teichoic acid is present in cell wall of Gram positive bacteria.
 Diatoms have chl a and c in their plastids.They are called jewels of plant kingdom.Body of diatom
is called a frustule.They are chief producers of ecosystem.

Home Assignment: NCERT :Pg 28- Q 1,2,3,4,6,10

Q1. (a) What is Dikaryon phase? (b)Expand ---PPLO
Q2. What are (a) thermoacidophiles (b) red tides?
Q3. Lichen is an example of symbiosis What will happen if algal and fungal partners are
separated from each other? Comment
Q4. Who are the smallest living organisms? Do they pass through bacterial filter? Write some other
characteristics.
Q5. Cow dung is the best raw material for producing biogas. Comment.
Q6. Write the unique features of cell wall of diatom and euglenoid
Q7. Which organism is responsible for red tide? How does it affect the aquatic ecosystem?
Q8. State the economic features of Chrysophytes and Archaebacteria.
Q9.Why Nostoc is able to fix nitrogen but E.coli cannot?

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 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, DURGAPUR
Computer Science Assignment-2 (2022-23)
CLASS- XI

NUMBER REPRESENTATION
1. What does ASCII stand for?
Ans. ASCII is an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
ASCII-7 uses a total of 7 bits of which 4 are zone bits and 3 are numeric bits and can
represent 128 characters. ASCII-8 is an extension of ASCII-7 and can represent 256
characters.

2. What does the base of a Number system mean?

Ans. The base of a Number system, also called as radix, is the number of unique digits
that are used to represent the numbers in a positional number system. The number of
unique digits includes the digit zero (0) also. For instance, the binary system is
represented by the digits 0 and 1 (Two numbers are used and hence the name binary).
The octal system uses 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (total of eight numbers and hence the name
octal) to represent the numbers. The decimal system uses 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 (total
of 10 digits and hence the name) to represent the numbers. The hexadecimal system uses
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F (total of 16 numbers and hence the name
hexadecimal) to represent the numbers.

3. What is the base of Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number systems?
Ans. The following are the bases of the various number systems.
Number System Base or Radix
Decimal System 10
Binary System 2
Octal System 8
Hexadecimal System 16

4. How many digits are there in a Binary number system?

Ans. There are two digits i.e. 0 and 1 in the binary number system.

5. Which digits are used in Hexadecimal number system?

Ans. The digits (to be specific it is a combination of digits and alphabets) used in the
Hexadecimal number system are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F. In this A
represents 10, B represents 11, C represents 12, D represents 13, E represents 14 and F
represents 15.

6. What is Unicode? How is it useful?

Ans. Definition:
Unicode is a new coding standard or (character encoding system) promoted by Unicode
Consortium. This new Unicode standard is adopted by all new platform. Unicode
provides a unique number for every character. This unique number will be the same on
all the platforms, programs and the languages.
Use:
1. Unicode makes it possible to support the worldwide interchange, processing and
display of the written text of the diverse languages.
2. Due to this the support for various languages is provided.
(CL-XI/CS/Assignment-2/2022-23/Page 1)
3. It is now possible to interchange data between different platforms.

7. Distinguish between ASCII and ISCII.

ASCII ISCII
Acronym for American Acronym for Indian
Standard Code for Standard Code for
Information Interchange Information Interchange
This is an American
This is Indian Standard.
Standard.
Has two variations ASCII-7
Has only one variation.
and ASCII-8
ASCII-7 used 7 bits and
Uses 8 bits to represents the
ASCII-8 used 8 bits to
characters.
represent the characters
Supports English and other Supports English and Indian
Latin characters Scripts

8. Do as directed :
a. Convert the Decimal number 781 to its Binary equivalent.
b. Convert Binary number 101101.001 to its decimal equivalent
c. Convert Octal number 321.7 into its Binary equivalent
d. Convert the Hexadecimal number 3BC into its Binary equivalent
e. Convert the Binary number 10011010.010101 to its Hexadecimal equivalent
f. Convert the Decimal number 345 into Octal number.
g. Convert the Decimal number 736 into Hexadecimal number.
h. Convert the Octal number 246.45 into Hexadecimal number.
i. Convert the Hexadecimal number ABF.C into Octal number.
j. Convert the Octal number 576 to Decimal.
k. Convert the Hexadecimal number A5C1 to Decimal.
Ans.
a. (781)10 = (1100001101)2
b. (101101.001)2 = (45.125)10
c. (321.7)7 = (11010001.111)2
d. (3BC)16 = (1110111100)2
e. (10011010)2 = (9A.54)16
f. (345)10 = (531)8
g. (736)10 = (2E0)16
h. (246.45)8 = (A6.94)16
i. (ABF.C)16 = (5277.6)8
j. (576)8 = (382)10
k. (A5C1)16 = (42433)10

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(CL-XI/CS/Assignment-2/2022-23/Page 2)